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The use of invertebrates in ground water monitoring: A rising research field

GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1996年第2期16卷 103-113页

作者： Malard, F Plenet, S Gibert, J Florian Malard (Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory University of Lyon I Bat. 403 43 Bd du 11 Nov. 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France) graduated from the Agricultural Engineering College of Dijon in 1989. He joined the Geography Department of Loughborough University of Technology in 1989 the Ecology Laboratory of the University of Dijon in 1991 the Hydrogeology Laboratory of the University of Montpellier in 1992 and the Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory of the University of Lyon I in 1993. He received an M.Sc. degree and a Ph.D. in hydrobiology from the University of Lyon I in 1991 and 1995 respectively. His most recent work has been in the field of organic contamination of karstic aquifers as related to ground water invertebrates. Sandrine Plenet (Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory University of Lyon I Bat. 403 43 Bd du 11 Nov. 1918 69 622 Villeurbanne France) received her Ph.D. in hydrobiology from the University of Lyon in 1993 where she is currently an assistant lecturer. Her research interest is the influence of environmental variables on the dynamics of invertebrate communities with special emphasis on the impact of contaminants such as heavy metals on interstitial invertebrate assemblages. From 1991 to 1993 her work involved the search for indicator species of ground water contamination within the framework of a French Water Agency environmental program. Janine Gibert (Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory University of Lyon I Bat. 403 43 Bd du 11 Nov. 1918 69 622 Villeurbanne France) is a professor at the University of Lyon I. She is also head of the Freshwater and River Ecology Research Unit 1974 of the C.N.R.S. and head of the Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory of the University of Lyon I. She is engaged in collaborative research projects on a wide range of issues exploring ground water ecology in the perspective of environmental sustainability. She is involved in international programs on the ecology and management of aquat

The use of invertebrates as biomonitors of ground water quality is a relatively new approach that has come of age with the development of ground water ecology. The benefits of such an approach are illustrated by four examples of field biomonitoring from several sites in various hydrogeological settings. Contamination of the interstitial zone by heavy metals in some sectors of the Rhone River (France) was shown by the scarcity of insect species;sewage pollution in the saturated zone of a karstic aquifer was indicated by the low relative abundances of stygobites as compared with those of stygophiles and stygoxenes;and enrichment with organic matter of an underflow was dearly demonstrated by the extremely high density of ground water invertebrates such as oligochaetes, ostracods, and isopods. Examination of the spatial changes in the composition and abundance of invertebrate assemblages was also useful in determining the direction and intensity of water fluxes between a river and its underflow, as well as in delineating the reduced or oxidized zones in a manganese-polluted aquifer. Finally, the selected case studies emphasized the variety of methodological approaches that could be developed in ground water contamination biomonitoring, as well as the complementary and sometimes new information provided by this innovative method in comparison with that obtained by conventional pollution monitoring techniques.

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Performance based irrigation planning under water shortage

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Irrigation and Drainage Systems 1995年第2期9卷 143-162页

作者： Onta, P.R. Loff, R. Banskota, M. Irrigation Engineering and Management Program Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand Department of Irrigation System Management and Training Branch Kathmandu Nepal

A linear programming (LP) based optimization model and a simulation model are developed and applied in a typical diversion type irrigation system for land and water allocation during the dry season. Optimum cropping patterns for different management strategies are obtained by the LP model for different irrigation efficiencies and water availability scenarios. The simulation model yields the risk-related irrigation system performance measures (i.e. reliability, resiliency and vulnerability) for the management policies defined by the optimization model. The alternative strategies are evaluated in terms of all performance criteria (i.e. net economic benefit, equity and reliability) simultaneously through a trade-off analysis using a multi-criteria decision making method (compromise programming). For the case study of the Kankai irrigation system in Nepal, with equal preference to the objectives, a management strategy with equal share of water among the project subareas appears to be the most satisfactory alternative under water shortage conditions. The existing water allocation policy is not economically efficient. Deficit irrigation in Early paddy appears attractive under favorable hydrologic scenario, particularly if accompanied by measures to improve existing irrigation system efficiency.

关键词： allocation economic efficiency equity irrigation management models performance reliability

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AN OBJECT-ORIENTED EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR FAULT-DIAGNOSIS IN THE ETHYLENE DISTILLATION PROCESS

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COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY 1995年第3期27卷 237-249页

作者： BATANOV, DN CHENG, Z Industrial Engineering and Management Program School of Advanced Technology Asian Institute of Technology G.P.O. Box 2754 Bangkok 10501 Thailand

This paper presents a unified object-oriented methodology (methods, techniques, and tools) for building relatively complex knowledge-based software systems for diagnosis of industrial equipment. A Fault Diagnosis Expert System (FDES) is developed as a prototype for locating the root causes of a set of abnormalities in the ethylene distillation process. The underlaying domain-related features of the methodology are the problem-solving method, diagnostic knowledge representation, and control strategy. The problem-solving method is based on diagnostic knowledge and an appropriate problem-solving structure. Diagnostic knowledge is derived from shallow knowledge and deep knowledge about the problem domain. The hierarchical problem-solving structure is created on the base of functional and structural considerations. This structure leads to the structured knowledge base. A two-level knowledge base is constructed for FDES. The system structure is built entirely using an object-oriented representation scheme. All the necessary declarative and procedural knowledge is embedded in objects. In addition, the production rules, which are bearers of heuristic knowledge, are combined with that scheme thanks to the unified programming environment used. The reasoning is based on a hypothesis-test strategy. A control strategy, in which the diagnostic direction is decided at top level, is adopted. The basic part of FDES is implemented using the object-oriented version of CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System). FDES has a friendly user interface written in C. Two case studies are briefly discussed as examples validating the system.

关键词： OBJECT ORIENTATION EXPERT SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS KNOWLEDGE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION PRODUCTION programMING LANGUAGE

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SELECTION OF AN AUTOMATED INSPECTION SYSTEM USING MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION-ANALYSIS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 1995年第3期39卷 289-298页

作者： PANDEY, PC KENGPOL, A Industrial Engineering & Management Program Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) G.P.O. Box 2754 Bangkok 10501 Thailand

This paper presents a methodology for selecting the best possible automated inspection device for use in flexible manufacturing systems. The problem has been modelled as that of multicriterion decision making and solved using Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE). The study has been completed in two steps. The first step is concerned with the identification of available alternatives, their important attributes and ranking. This was achieved through questionnaires and interviews. The data collected in step 1 were analysed through PROMETHEE in step 2. The output from step 2 yields the optimum decision ranking of the alternatives and sensitivity to process constraints. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of multicriterion decision making approach for resolving complex decision making problems under constraints.

关键词： MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING PROMETHEE WEIGHTS AUTOMATED INSPECTION DEVICE

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Abstracts of papers presented at the 14th conference of the Weed Science Society of Israel Abstracts of papers presented at the international conference on controlled atmosphere and fumigation (CAF) in stored products Abstracts of papers presented at the joint international conference of FAOPMA — CEPA on pest control in the 21st century Abstracts of papers presented at the 2nd international Agro-Ecology Symposium on integrated pest management: from the drawing board to the market

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Phytoparasitica 1996年第3期24卷 199-265页

作者： E. Yogev M. Berson Y. Benyamini Y. Sheinboim T. Lev-Ran A. Bahat Y. Barkai Y. Gatti M. Zaidan O. Barazani Y. Boshvize S. Graph U. Luchinsky T. Blumenfeld Y. Kleifeld G. Herzlinger H. Bucsbaum S. Golan T. Chilf R. Aly Y. Ohali A. Ovadia Y. Chachlon H. Yovel Y. Tesler G. Colodney A. Nir S. Zarka A. Tal B. Rubin T. Yaacoby Y. Alon Y. Kedar Orit Ben-Zvi Assaraf O. Shainberg H. D. Rabinowitch E. Tel-Or Y. Goldwasser D. M. Joel D. Plakhine V. Portnoy G. Tzuri N. Katzir Dalia Losner-Goshen A. M. Mayer R. Jacobsohn Z. Tanaami H. Eisenberg Ziva Amsellem Z. Kernyi L. Hornok J. Gressel Adiva Shomer-Ilan Ela Nir Daphna Michaeli V. Kampel A. Warshawsky M. Yogev M. Negbi J. Hershenhorn Y. Lavan T. Hilf M. Horowitz M. Cohen I. Hirsch A. Veneziani S. T. Conyers C. H. Bell Ana C. Sá-Fischer C. S. Adler Ch. Reichmuth P. W. Flinn D. W. Hagstrum G. N. Mbata R. G. Winks Elisabeth A. Hyne M. Q. Chaudhry A. D. MacNicoll N. R. Price M. Schöller J. -F. Dugast R. Plarre S. Navarro E. J. Donahaye R. Diaz Miriam Rindner A. Azrieli P. Trematerra F. Fontana M. Mancini Ailsa D. Hocking Marta H. Taniwaki J. Lacey A. Hamer N. Magan N. Paster F. M. Caliboso D. G. Alvindia G. C. Sabio M. T. dela Cruz Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra A. S. R. Putri M. Sidik Eleni Papademetriou A. Varnava C. Mouskos M. A. Malek B. Parveen K. A. Dzisi W. O. Ellis Ana Maria Estevez Ljubica Galletti T. Fichet E. Oteiza L. A. Lizana M. X. Gonzalez B. Yakobson Y. Slavezky H. Ephrati El-H. Bartaly R. K. Kashyap M. Gupta W. L. Kashyap B. S. Dahiya A. K. Dash J. R. Rangaswamy R. D. Shroff D. S. Jayas W. E. Muir N. D. G. White L Gaye Weller J. E. van S. Graver Wu-Kang Peng M. Bengston E. Alip C. Reed J. G. Leesch G. F. Knapp G. F. Russell L. B. Llewellin Ch. Ulrichs H. J. Banks P. C. Annis R. Allanson R. Tauscher K. Westphal S. Mohan M. Gopalan P. C. Sumdarababu V. V. Sree Narayanan Sabine Prozell G. Ziegleder B. Schartmann R. Matissek J. Kraus D. Gerard S. Rogg W. Raemann R. F. Ryan Ya-Nan Wang R. T. Noyes P. Kenkel J. T. Criswell G. W. Cuperus C. J. Waterford C. P. Whittle L. Be Luxembourg Chemicals and Agriculture Ltd. Tel Aviv Israel Agrochemicals Dept. Milchan Bros. Ltd. Ramat Gan Israel Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Zefat Mevo Hamma Ramat HaGolan Israel Dept. of Weed Science ARO Newe Ya’ar Research Center Haifa Israel Agrochemicals Department Milchan Bros. Ltd. Ramat Gan Israel Tarsis-Agrichem Tel Aviv Israel Weed Control Co. Ltd. Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Field Crops Vegetables and Genetics The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Rehovot Israel Plant Protection and Inspection Services Ministry of Agriculture Bet Dagan 50250 Agan Chemical Manufacturers Ltd. Ashdod Israel Dept. of Field Crops Vegetables and Genetics Rehovot Dept. of Agricultural Botany The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Rehovot Israel Dept. of Weed Science ARO Newe Ya’ar Research Center Haifa Dept. of Botany The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Dept. of Vegetable Crops ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Plant Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel Inst. for Plant Science Agricultural Biotechnology Center Gödöllö Hungary Dept. of Botany Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Dept. of Plant Genetics The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel Dept. of Organic Chemistry The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel Dept. of Ornamental Horticulture ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Weed Control Co. Ltd. Bet Dagan Chem-Nir Ltd. Kefar Shemaryahu Tiveon-Chem Co. Haifa Israel Central Science Laboratory Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Slough Berks UK Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Inst. for Stored Product Protection Berlin Germany USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center Manhattan USA School of Biological Sciences Abia State University Uturu Nigeria CSIRO Division of Entomology SCMC Nambour CSIRO Division of Entomology Canberra Australia DowElanco Europe Letcombe Laboratory L

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A Sophisticated Ground Water Analytical Tool

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Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 1995年第2期15卷 134-139页

作者： Tonjes, David J. Heil, James H. Black, John A. David J. Tonjes is a doctoral candidate in coastal oceanography at the Marine Sciences Research Center University at Stony Brook through its Waste Management Institute (Waste Management Institute Marine Sciences Research Center University at Stony Brook 11794–5000). Under a grant from the Town Board he is a technical adviser to the commissioner of waste management of the town of Brookhaven New York in solid waste planning regulatory compliance and environmental site monitoring. Tonjes has a B.A. in liberal arts from St. John's College an M.S. in computer science from New York Institute of Technology and an M.S. in technological systems management from the University at Stony Brook. James H. Heil is commissioner of waste management for the town of Brookhaven (Department of Waste Management Town of Brookhaven 3233 Rte. 112 Medford NY 11763). Heil received a B.S. from Manhattan College and an M.S. from New York University in civil engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in New York. He is a former president of the New York State Solid Waste Management Association. John A. Black is the coordinator of the environmental science program at Suffolk County Community College (Environmental Science Program Suffolk County Community College Selden NY 11784). He is currently the chair of the Ecology Committee of the Pine Barrens Advisory Committee for Suffolk County and is a member of the Suffolk County Pine Barrens Review Commission. Black received a B.S. in chemistry from Adephi University an M.S. in public administration from the University at Stony Book an M. S. from Hofstra University and a Ph. D. from Adlephi in marine sciences.

Stiff diagrams arc a multivariate method of analysis used to describe the chemical state of ground water. The use of Stiff diagrams to describe multiconstituent contamination sites, such as landfills, has distinct advantages over single constituent analyses. Problems associated with traditional Stiff diagram analyses, such as diagram attentuation, can be addressed by allowing the scale of the diagram to vary with the ionic strength of the analyzed sample. The use of these sliding scale Stiff diagrams reveals the chemical slate of the ground water over wide ranges of constituent concentrations and thus allows for sensitive and sophisticated depictions of complicated contamination sites in a fashion that is extremely difficult to replicate with single constituent analyses. This approach has possible applications for understanding and tracing the mixing and chemical changes in uncontaminated settings. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSE GENERATION IN NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION-LINE WITH CERAMIC CAPACITORS

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1995年第2期115卷 1-10页

作者： SUZUKI, H IBUKA, S MIYAZAWA, T ISHII, S Tokyo Institute of Technology Hiromitsu Suzuki received his B.S. dew in 1987 from the Department of Information Engineering Toyo University. He was an Assistant in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology from 1990 to 1993. He is currently engaged in operation and management business of overall information equipment such as networks at the Information Center of Toyo University. Research areas include nonlinear physics artificial intelligence etc. He is a member of the Information Processing Society of Japan and Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers. Takehim Miyazawa received his B.S. degree in 1993 from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology where he is currently in the Master's program.

Usual axial cables and aerial lines are distributed constant linear transmission lines which can transmit a pulse without changing its initial shape. On the other hand, a nonlinear transmission line consisting of nonlinear capacitors can sharpen the front of a propagating pulse. In this study, a transmission line with commercially available ferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramic capacitors is constructed to obtain high-voltage pulses with short rise-time. Strong dependence of their capacitance on the applied voltage has been found. The rise-time of the input pulse with 300 V in amplitude was shortened from 60 ns after propagating through the line.

关键词： NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION LINE CERAMIC CAPACITOR NONLINEAR CAPACITANCE HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSE

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Planning for project control through risk analysis: a petroleum pipeline-laying project

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International Journal of Project management 1994年第1期12卷 23-33页

作者： Dey, Prasanta Tabucanon, Mario T. Ogunlana, Stephen Industrial Engineering and Management Program School of Advanced Technologies Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok 10501 GPO Box 2754 Thailand School of Civil Engineering Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok 10501 GPO Box 2754 Thailand

Project that are exposed to uncertain environments can be effectively controlled with the application of risk analysis during the planning stage. The Analystic Hierarchy Process, a multiattribute decision-making technique, can be used to analyse and assess project risks which are objective or subjective in nature. Among other advantages, the process logically integrates the various elements in the planning process. The results from risk analysis and activity analysis are then used to develop a logical contingency allowance for the project through the application of probability theory. The contingency allowance is created in two parts: (a) a technical contingency, and (b) a management contingency. This provides a basis for decision making in a changing project environment. Effective control of the project is made possible by the limitation of the changes within the monetary contingency allowance for the work package concerned, and the utilization of the contingency through proper appropriation. The whole methodology is applied to a pipeline-laying project in India, and its effectiveness in project control is demonstrated.

关键词： risk analysis project planning and control multiattribute decision making contingency appropriation petroleum pipeline laying

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MINING GOLD IN THE MIDWEST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第1期106卷 137-140页

作者： SKOLNICK, A The Author:is president of System Science Consultants (SSC) specializing in strategic planning technical program definition and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. Dr. Skolnick teaches mathematics and management sciences at Marymount University and Northern Virginia Community College. From 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Naval Engineers. He has been helping the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment in evaluating civil-military integration and dual-usage opportunities. He is active in advancing national efforts to improve the teaching of mathematics and science in our elementary and secondary schools he serves on the Board of Directors of the National Coalition of Engineering Societies for Precollege Mathematics and Science.

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ACQUISITION REFORM AND BEST PRODUCT PROCUREMENT - AN engineering VIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第6期106卷 41-57页

作者： FISHER, DA SKOLNICK, A He has been involved with several weapon system developments. Among these were the Trident II fire control and navigation systems the BSY-I Anti-Submarine Warfare System and the Navy standard computers (UYK44 and EMSP). He served as manager of the Digital Circuits Engineering Branch and was then appointed as manager of the Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Technology Division. As manager of the ATE Technology Division he was responsible for the SP-23 Fire Control System Support Project the SP-24 Navigation Project and the Fleet Progressive Maintenance Program (2M/ATE). This Division was responsible for selection and application of electronic product technology and for developing fleet test and repair techniques. He holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Evansville and is currently pursuing a Masters of Public Administration at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick:retired from the Navy in 1983 with the rank of captain. He is president of System Science Consultants (SSC) specializing in strategic planning technical program definition technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. Dr. Skolnick taught mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University. He is adjunct faculty at Northern Virginia Community College. From 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Naval Engineers. In the Navy he served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University then aboard USSBoston(CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. In 1975 he became a major project manager and led the Navy's High Energy Lasers Program in 1981 he was assigned all Navy Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced tech

The military services are being moved in the direction of performance-based specifications and standards. They are being steered against dictating ''how to'' produce an item since such action forecloses on the ability to gain access to components or technology that may have a commercial equivalent. Why should the engineering community embrace the new approach? Aside from the obvious weight of it being approved policy, therefore currently mandated, it warrants examination because it is the correct approach at this time when applied to appropriate products. Military specifications and standards are to be displaced then, by acceptable alternative contractor design solutions. Industry bidders will be allowed to propose the particular design details, permitting procurement flexibility by contractually citing only system level or interface requirements, both physical and functional. Hopefully, this can broaden the industrial base and increase competition with reduced costs to follow. Conceptually, the approach appears both performance-sensible and cost-attractive (there are, of course, consequent risks) but how does implementation proceed? Is it possible to pursue the goals envisioned along paths that are not in themselves experimental? Can the American postulate, minimal loss of life and limb to U.S. military people, continue to be honored? Experience and track record elsewhere imply encouraging possibilities in select situations-useful prospects are identified and discussed in practical terms.

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