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Comparison between technical parameters recommended by regulatory agencies and relevant institutions for ventilatory therapy equipment used in patients with COVID-19

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2021年第2期37卷 375-388页

作者： de Souza, Daniel Baldoino Frondana, Fernanda Vieira Silva, Fábia Diniz Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health Postgraduate Program in Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil Health Science Center Postgraduate Program in Health Management and Innovation Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Pneumology Division Heart Institute at Clinical Hospital Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

Background: Patients contaminated with the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and who develop the severe form of the disease require ventilatory support to maintain adequate gas exchange. The objective of this systematic review was to establish reference parameters of ventilator therapy used in the various levels of severity of adult patients affected by COVID-19 to assist health professionals and hospital managers who will purchase this equipment. Methods: It used four databases: Medline, Cochrane Central, Scielo, and Pubmed. Restrictions applied as to the language, restricted to English, and to the patient’s profile, only adults affected by SARS-CoV-2. The review process was carried out by three independent reviewers using the PRISMA-P method. Results: Nineteen articles were included, in addition to the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Brazil), Federal Commission for Protection against Health Risks (Mexico), Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK), Pan American Health Organization, and World Health Organization. The types of ventilatory therapies found in the articles eligible for this study were continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). For each ventilatory therapy, the parameters presented in the article and the recommendations of regulatory agencies and relevant institutions were compared and analyzed. Conclusion: It was possible to suggest a relationship between the respiratory support strategy adopted by the clinical team and the clinical conditions of the patient infected with SARS-CoV-2. The included studies used ventilation modes and parameters within the specifications and recommendations of relevant regulatory agencies and institutions. However, some minor differences were observed in the instruction presented among the agencies more related to the recommended ventilation modes. Further studies are needed. © 2021, Sociedade Bras

关键词： Coronavirus

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Any Bluetooth device can be hacked. Know how?

Cyber Security and Applications

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Cyber Security and Applications 2024年 2卷

作者： Muraleedhara, Prathibha Christo, Mary Subaja J, Jaya Yuvasini  D College of Technology – Information Security and Program Management University of Houston 77204 TX United States Department of Networking and Communication School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kantankulathur Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hindustan College of Engineering and Technology India Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai 625015 India

In today's world, Bluetooth technology is integrated into almost every device we use, from wireless headsets, mice, and keyboards to cars and smart home devices. But with the convenience of this technology comes the risk of privacy and security breaches. Each Bluetooth device has potential vulnerabilities that cybercriminals can exploit and take advantage of. It is important to create awareness about various Bluetooth vulnerabilities, exploits, and ways to prevent them. This article examines the dark side of Bluetooth technology by explaining how hackers can find ways to bypass the advanced security features of laptops, phones, cars, or smart home devices to compromise the devices and steal personal sensitive data. Whether it is a casual user of Bluetooth technology or a business owner with multiple devices, understanding these risks is crucial to protecting yourself and your information. This article begins by explaining the basics of Bluetooth technology and how it works. Followed by a list of security risks involved while using Bluetooth and finally, it highlights the best practices to protect the devices and the data they contain. © 2024

关键词： Ad hoc networks and security risk Bluetooth Exploit Threat Vulnerability

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An explainable non-invasive hybrid machine learning framework for accurate prediction of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 189卷 109974-109974页

作者： Mohammed, Areej Alshraideh, Hussam Abu-Helalah, Munir Shamayleh, Abdulrahim Department of Industrial Engineering Engineering Systems Management Program American University of Sharjah SharjahP.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial Engineering American University of Sharjah SharjahP.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Industrial Engineering Department Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Family and Community Medicine School of Medicine University of Jordan Public Health Institute Amman Jordan

Machine learning models, including thyroid biomarkers, are increasingly utilized in healthcare for biomarker prediction. These models offer the potential to enhance disease diagnosis through data-driven approaches relying on non-invasive techniques. However, no studies have explored the application of fully non-invasive methods for predicting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Consequently, this study introduces a novel, fully non-invasive framework for predicting TSH levels by developing an innovative hybrid machine learning model that balances performance, complexity, and interpretability. Seven ML models were evaluated, and the best-performing models were integrated into a hybrid approach to balance performance, complexity, and interpretability. A dataset of 6190 instances from Jordan was used for model development. Four-dimensional non-invasive factors, including demographics, symptoms, family history, and newly engineered symptom scores, were incorporated into the model. The hybrid model achieved an R2 of 94.2 % and RMSE of 0.015, demonstrating superior predictive performance. Model interpretability was ensured using LIME and SHAP explainers, confirming aggregated symptom scores' critical role in enhancing prediction accuracy. A robust feature selection technique was implemented, reducing model complexity and enhancing performance. Among the top ten features for predicting TSH levels were hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism symptom scores, family history, cold intolerance, itchy-dry skin, sweating, hand tremors, and palpitations. The model can be employed to develop cost-effective diagnostic tools for thyroid disorders. It also offers a robust framework that can be generalized to predict other biomarkers and applied in diverse contexts. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Prediction models

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Voice-Based Virtual-Controlled Intelligent Personal Assistants

Voice-Based Virtual-Controlled Intelligent Personal Assistan...

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Computational Intelligence, Communication technology and Networking (CICTN), International Conference on

作者： Satya Prakash Yadav Amit Gupta Caio Dos Santos Nascimento Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque Mahaveer Singh Naruka Sansar Singh Chauhan Department of Computer Science and Engineering G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management (GLBITM) GreaterNoida U.P. India Graduate Program in Telecommunications Engineering. (PPGET) Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE) Fortaleza-CE Brazil Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun Uttarakhand India Department of Teleinformatics Engineering Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Fortaleza/CE Brazil Computer Science & Engineering GL Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management Greater Noida India

Virtual assistants are improving and providing consumers with greater advantages. The comprehension and fulfilment of requests by virtual assistants will increase as voice recognition and natural language processing continue to grow. Virtual assistants are projected to be employed in more commercial activities as speech recognition technology advances. The main goal of developing personal assistant software (virtual assistant) is to use web-based semantic data sources, user-generated content, and knowledge from knowledge libraries. Basically, main objective of making this Voice-Based Virtual Assistant is to make life easier and having a personal assistant to everyone which can perform many tasks. As the end user interacts with a virtual assistant, the AI programming learns from the data provided and improves its ability to forecast the end user's needs. Virtual assistants are often used to do things like add tasks to a calendar, provide information that would normally be found in a website, and operate and monitor Smart Home devices like lighting and cameras and thermostats. Massive volumes of data are required to fuel virtual assistant technologies, which feed Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms such as machine learning, natural language processing, and speech recognition. Speech recognition has a lengthy history and has seen several key advancements. On smartphones and wearable devices, speech recognition for dictation, search, and voice commands has become a standard feature. Design of a small, large vocabulary speech recognition system that can run quickly, accurately, and with minimum latency on mobile devices.

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Color Refractive Error Exam for Speech Disorder

Color Refractive Error Exam for Speech Disorder

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2022 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS 2022

作者： Yeh, Feng-Ming Huang, Liang-Ying Chiang, Chun-Yu Chang, Rong-Seng Tien, Chuen-Lin Hsieh, Ya-Hui Chen, Der-Chin Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Department of Optometry Hsinchu Taiwan National Central University Department of Optics and Photonics Taoyuan Taiwan Feng Chia University Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Electrical Engineering Taichung Taiwan Ming Chuan University Department of Healthcare Information and Management Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350332421

In this study, a micro-led display, an eye chart player software, and image capture and processing module were used to construct a color refractive error exam for subject with speech disorder. This method can be used to test subjects with refractive errors, eye's color vision and other pathological problems. The micro-led display uses an eye chart player program to display the capital letters E and the other fonts, and the gaps of the E letters can be tumbled in any direction. When subjects with speech disorder were examined for vision, the E chart was displayed sequentially from big letters to small letters, and the image capture and processing module was synchronized with the eye chart player program. The subjects only need to point out the direction of the gap with gestures, and the image capture and processing module can simultaneously capture the gestures of the subjects to judge visual test status. In this study, twenty subjects were tested and all obtained the correct VA value and wore excellent eye glasses. The characteristic of this innovative method is that the subjects with a speech disorder can use simple hand gestures to complete the visual exam through the image capture and processing module during the inspection. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Color

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NFT-Based Blockchain-Oriented Security Framework for Metaverse Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Manzoor, Khadija Noor, Umara Rashid, Zahid Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan Technology Management Economics and Policy Program College of Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-Ro Gwanak-Gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

The Metaverse is rapidly evolving, bringing us closer to its imminent reality. However, the widespread adoption of this new automated technology poses significant research challenges in terms of authenticity, integrity, interoperability, and efficiency. These challenges originate from the core technologies underlying the Metaverse and are exacerbated by its complex nature. As a solution to these challenges, this paper presents a novel framework based on Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). The framework employs the Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm, a blockchain-based technology, for data transaction, validation, and resource management. PoS efficiently consume energy and provide a streamlined validation approach instead of resource-intensive mining. This ability makes PoS an ideal candidate for Metaverse applications. By combining NFTs for user authentication and PoS for data integrity, enhanced transaction throughput, and improved scalability, the proposed blockchain mechanism demonstrates noteworthy advantages. Through security analysis, experimental and simulation results, it is established that the NFT-based approach coupled with the PoS algorithm is secure and efficient for Metaverse applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Blockchain

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Examining the Usability and Security Features of Smart Farm IoT Systems

Examining the Usability and Security Features of Smart Farm ...

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International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC)

作者： Vijay R Khawale Huzaifa A. Fidvi Mohamed Dawood Shamout Gigih Forda Nama Nilesh Anute Nilesh Limbore Mechanical Department Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Nagpur Mechanical engineering Anjuman College of Engineering and Technology Sadar Nagpur Maharashtra Department of Management College of Business Administration University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Informatics and Doctoral Program of Environtmental Science University of Lampung Bandar Lampung ASM's Institute of Business Management and Research Pune Sharadchandra Pawar Institute of Management and Research Pune

Using the net of factors (IoT) technology has led to a resurgence in improving intelligent farms. The capacity to music and reveal crops, animals, and different farm activities has advanced the performance of farming operations. Clever farms enjoy the blessings of connectivity, allowing farmers to be more informed and higher prepared for any ability issues. This increased connectivity has also opened the door for new security problems. This paper looks at intelligent farm IoT structures' usability and safety features. The paper investigates the overall protection levels of the systems and the various security measures that may be implemented as an excellent way to discover and guard in opposition to ability threats. It also evaluates the usability of the structures and assesses the extent of convenience it offers for agriculture employees. The paper also evaluates the present-day enterprise tendencies in IoT protection, value, and potential future trends. Ultimately, the paper gives insights into modern and future security and usability measures that may be taken to ensure the protection and effectiveness of clever farm IoT systems. The paper examines the usability and protection capabilities of innovative Farm Internet of Things (IoT) structures, which provide farmers with the potential to monitor, manipulate, and control various farm elements remotely. Usability functions consisting of user interfaces, device connectivity, and communication protocols are analyzed to evaluate how user-friendly the device is. Additionally, safety functions consisting of authentication, authorization, encryption, and getting entry to manage are tested to decide how the gadget can defend the statistics and assets of the farm. Moreover, this paper touches upon the contemporary and destiny-demanding situations related to those structures, including scalability, cost, and privacy. ultimately, the paper concludes with a comprehensive assessment of the usability and security functions and

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Multivariate Return Period and Risk Analysis of Non-Stationary Extremes: Dynamic Drought Severity-Duration-Frequency in India

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sahana, V. Mondal, Arpita Water Risk to Development and Resilience International Water Management Institute Pusa New Delhi110012 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai Mumbai400076 India

Under changing environmental conditions, the inclusion of non-stationarity in risk assessment of hydroclimatic extremes provides reliable estimates of quantiles or design levels;however, such assessments are usually limited to univariate analysis. A multivariate non-stationary framework is capable of considering the interdependencies between multiple characteristics of such extreme events. This study offers a new non-stationary multivariate risk assessment framework based on the concepts of Expected Number of Events (ENE) and Expected Waiting Time (EWT) that have worked well in the recent past for return level estimates of univariate extremes under non-stationarity. The proposed framework is first demonstrated on synthetically generated multi-attribute datasets to prove its effectiveness for both increasing and decreasing trends in extremes. Further, real-world applicability of the approach is presented for multivariate non-stationary drought risk assessment in India, where dynamic copulas are used to capture the joint transient behaviour of drought severity and duration. The design severity and duration for any given return period increases (decreases) for positive (negative) trend in drought attributes, implying underestimation (overestimation) of risk by the stationarity approach. Globally, changes in characteristics of hydroclimatic extreme events are increasingly reported, and such changes are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. The proposed framework considers time-varying nature of multiple characteristics for risk assessment of such extremes, and can aide in engineering design and environment management. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Relative extents, mechanisms, and kinetics of fluoride removal from synthetic groundwater by prevalent sorbents

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Chemosphere 2023年 342卷 140161页

作者： Ekamparam, Aravinth Siva Subramaniam Khaitan, Harshit Nimesh, Vishakha Singh, Abhas Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Google India Telangana Hyderabad500 081 India Environmental Engineering and Management Program Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India Department of Environment Management Systems East Delhi Municipal Corporation Government of Delhi New Delhi110 096 India

Fluoride (F) contamination in groundwater affects millions of people across the world. Although several sorbents have been identified for low-cost F removal, the choice of the optimal sorbent is dictated by the specific chemistry of contaminated groundwater. In this contribution, eight prevalent sorbents—activated alumina (AA), calcite, hydroxyapatite-coated calcite (HCC), natural chitosan, chalk, Mg–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH), calcined Mg–Al–CO3 LDH (cLDH), and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)—were categorized on their relative F removal mechanisms, extents, and kinetics from a typical synthetic groundwater, representative of contaminated aquifers of North India. Initially, batch experiments containing sorbents at 4 g·L−1 were conducted at a high F concentration (2.9 mM). The dominant F removal processes were identified by aqueous- and solid-phase characterization of reaction by-products. While chalk and calcite removed F by secondary precipitation of fluorite, HCC removed F by fluorapatite precipitation, and other sorbents removed F by sorption. Depending on the immobilization mechanism identified, the F uptake kinetics on each sorbent was modeled with either pseudo-second order or generalized rate equations. Among sorptive F uptake, cLDH exhibited the highest (10−2.15 mg·g−1·h−1) and HFO showed the lowest (10−4.15 mg·g−1·h−1) rates. Fluoride removal by precipitation was the fastest with chalk at 10−1.3 (h−1) (0.16). Subsequent experiments with AA and HCC at lower initial F concentration (0.42 mM) suggested increased uptake by ∼30x and ∼7x, respectively, relative to uptake in 2.9 mM initial F systems. For AA, apart from the widely-accepted mechanism of adsorption, an unidentified F-containing surface precipitate was formed. HCC was identified as the most promising sorbent with no sludge generation. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Sorbents

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Effective Tumor Annotation for Automated Diagnosis of Liver Cancer

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IEEE Journal of Translational engineering in Health and Medicine 2025年 13卷 251-260页

作者： Chuang, Yi-Hsuan Su, Ja-Hwung Lin, Tzu-Chieh Cheng, Hue-Xin Shen, Pin-Hao Ou, Jin-Ping Han, Ding-Hong Liao, Yi-Wen Lee, Yeong-Chyi Cheng, Yu-Fan Hong, Tzung-Pei Shu-Min Li, Katherine Lu, Yi Wang, Chih-Chi Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Liver Transplantation Program Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Niao-Sung District Kaohsiung 833401 Taiwan National University of Kaohsiung Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Intelligent Commerce Kaohsiung 824004 Taiwan Cheng Shiu University Department of Information Management Kaohsiung 833301 Taiwan Liver Transplantation Center Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Niao-Sung District Kaohsiung 833401 Taiwan

In recent years, visual cancer information retrieval using Artificial Intelligence has been shown to be effective in diagnosis and treatment. Especially for a modern liver-cancer diagnosis system, the automated tumor annotation plays a crucial role. So-called tumor annotation refers to tagging the tumor in Biomedical images by computer vision technologies such as Deep Learning. After annotation, the tumor information such as tumor location, tumor size and tumor characteristics can be output into a clinical report. To this end, this paper proposes an effective approach that includes tumor segmentation, tumor location, tumor measuring, and tumor recognition to achieve high-quality tumor annotation, thereby assisting radiologists in efficiently making accurate diagnosis reports. For tumor segmentation, a Multi-Residual Attention Unet is proposed to alleviate problems of vanishing gradient and information diversity. For tumor location, an effective Multi-SeResUnet is proposed to partition the liver into 8 couinaud segments. Based on the partitioned segments, the tumor is located accurately. For tumor recognition, an effective multi-labeling classifier is used to recognize the tumor characteristics by the visual tumor features. For tumor measuring, a regression model is proposed to measure the tumor size. To reveal the effectiveness of individual methods, each method was evaluated on real datasets. The experimental results reveal that the proposed methods are more promising than the state-of-the-art methods in tumor segmentation, tumor measuring, tumor localization and tumor recognition. Specifically, the average tumor size error and the annotation accuracy are 0.432 cm and 91.6%, respectively, which suggest potential for reducing radiologists’ workload. In summary, this paper proposes an effective tumor annotation for an automated diagnosis support system. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement—The proposed methods have been evaluated and shown to significantly imp

关键词： Liver cancer diagnosis liver tumor location liver tumor measuring liver tumor recognition liver tumor segmentation

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