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Physicochemical characterization of submicron particles using advanced drone-based systems: real-time measurements and single-particle analysis via SERS in a case study from South Korea

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 980卷 179570页

作者： Kim, Miri Lee, Songhui Baek, Minwoo Park, Jaebeom Yoo, Minsang Kwon, Yongbum Lee, Handol Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering of Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Korea National Institute of Rare Metals Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Namdong-gu Incheon21655 Korea Republic of Particle Pollution Research and Management Center Inha University Incheon21999 Korea Republic of

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of submicron atmospheric particles using an advanced drone-based system integrating a miniaturized real-time concentration measurement module and a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based single-particle analysis platform. This system enables vertical profiling of particle size distributions down to 20 nm and chemical characterization of submicron particle mixing states at ground level and aloft, capabilities beyond conventional Raman microspectrometry. Field campaigns were conducted in urban (Incheon) and semi-urban (Dangjin) environments to examine how aerosol composition and mixing states vary with altitude and location. In Incheon, although total submicron particle number concentrations were similar on the low- and high-pollution days, the latter exhibited a higher proportion of larger particles, resulting in elevated mass concentrations and degraded air quality. Internally mixed particles comprised 75.8 % at ground level and 54.5 % aloft, with nitrate-containing particles increasing from 36.2 % to 67.4 % at ground level and from 31.4 % to 77.2 % aloft under stagnant conditions. In Dangjin, high relative humidity (∼80 %) promoted secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and increased mixing complexity. On the more humid day, the SOA-containing particle fraction rose to 51.2 % at ground level and 29.2 % aloft, compared to ∼13 % on the less humid day. These results demonstrate that meteorological conditions, particularly humidity and atmospheric stability, critically influence particle composition and transformation. The integrated measurement system and resulting observations provide a representative picture of submicron aerosol behavior under real-world conditions, highlighting the robustness and potential of this approach for vertical aerosol characterization. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Air quality

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Constructing a Minimized Connected Dominating Set Based on the Decentralized Nomination Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hsieh, Hui-Ching Chiang, Mao-Lun Lin, Tzu-Ling Liao, Lu-Wen Chen, Ze-Yu Department of New Media Communication Hsing Wu University New Taipei City Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung City Taiwan Department of Business Management National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung404336 Taiwan Department of Intelligent Production Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung City Taiwan

Inspired by the backbone architecture of wired networks, in this study, we applied the concept of a virtual backbone to the routing scheme in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) to develop an effective routing method. Using connected dominating set (CDS)-based methods to construct a virtual backbone network can effectively improve routing performance in a MANET. The CDS virtual backbone network we developed in the present study can respond quickly and identify routing paths through these CDS members as the network topology changes. Meanwhile, the nodes that are not CDS members can enter the power-saving mode to minimize unnecessary power consumption. Wireless nodes in a MANET can move freely within the network;therefore, CDS virtual backbones are easy to deconstruct. Researchers have developed centralized and decentralized CDS algorithms to reconstruct network topologies. When previously developed centralized CDS algorithms are applied, the system requires the information of all nodes in the network to reconstruct the virtual backbone. Therefore, the information exchange costs of such algorithms before refactoring are high. By contrast, decentralized CDS algorithms can use local information to reconstruct virtual backbones quickly. Yet, decentralized algorithms produce larger CDSs than centralized algorithms. To improve upon the performance of previously developed decentralized algorithms, we developed and herein present a new decentralized CDS algorithm called APP-CDS that can quickly construct a virtual backbone with the smallest possible CDS for use in MANET environments. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Routing algorithms

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Role of Wireless Communications in Digital Economy in the Present Context 6

Role of Wireless Communications in Digital Economy in the Pr...

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6th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics, ICOEI 2022

作者： Revathi, S. Shrivastava, Arpan Yussupova, Ardak Hidayatulloh, A. Nururrochman Saltanat, Daurbekova Mishra, Arpana Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India Management Devi Ahilya Vishva Vidyalaya Madhya Pradesh India Kazakh National University of Arts Department of Art Studies Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan Universitas Gadjah Mada Leadership and Policy Innovation Program Indonesia International Education Corporation Department of Construction Almaty050042 Kazakhstan Sharda University Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering Greater Noida India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483285

Wireless communication has connected millions of people across the world to internet to enable them to reap benefits of digital economy in present scenario. Almost all the sectors of economy including healthcare, agriculture and transportation nowadays rely largely upon wireless communications. In the present context, the sudden outbreak of Covid-19 has caused governments to impose restrictions on various activities and employees have been directed to work from their homes to ensure safety. In such a situation, wireless communication has made it possible to connect with each other via the internet. Apart from this, Smart healthcare-system has been developed through utilisation of wireless communication systems. During this pandemic situation, delivery of healthcare services in remote areas has gained huge momentum and wireless communication plays a vital role in this regard. Aim of current critical assessment is to provide an in-depth analysis of the role played by wireless communication in establishment of a well-structured digital economy in present scenario. In literature-review, different applications of wireless technology via ICT in various sectors and aspects of life have been discussed through a conceptual and a theoretical framework. The Method section of current study has provided an in-depth insight into the ways required information have been collected in this study. As found in the results and discussion section, a positive relation exists between wireless-communication and establishment of digital economy in current situation. This study has concluded that there are certain challenges associated with wireless communication;however, it has significant influence in making processes smarter and faster as compared to earlier. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Assessing upcoming touristic town's municipal solid waste flows and characterisation: A case of Phetchaburi Province, Thailand

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International Journal of Environment and Waste management 2019年第2期24卷 178-194页

作者： Kashyap, Prakriti Jacob, Paul Suthapanich, Wiratchapan Visvanathan, Chettiyappan Environmental Engineering and Management Program Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani12120 Thailand

Understanding the quantity and characteristics of waste generation in a locality is important for an appropriate estimation of the recyclability potential and overall waste management. Detailed municipal solid waste characterisations were conducted in three municipalities in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Physical composition (% wet basis) indicated the dominance of organic waste with 31.8% of food waste, and 20.04% of yard wastes. The average moisture content was as high as 64.75%. Average carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen content constituted approximately 47.94, 6.90, 0.92, 0.16 and 26.77%, respectively. The gross calorific value (dry basis) was observed to be 4,561.13 kcal/kg. A material flow analysis conducted in the three study sites showed a linear pattern of waste flows, with large quantities of waste generated were being stocked in the landfill sites with minimal waste recovery. The composition and characteristics of waste, however, showed vast potential for waste diversion from landfills through either material recycling or energy recovery. © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Municipal solid waste

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Health Risk Assessment of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Exposures of the Usage of Shallow Groundwater Located at the Proximity to Citarum River, Indonesia

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Salami, Indah Rachmatiah Siti Thufailah, Nadya Aulia Environmental Management Technology Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesa no. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Master Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesa no. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Sangkuriang no. 42A Bandung40135 Indonesia

The study evaluates shallow groundwater quality from agricultural, industrial, and domestic areas within 150m of the Citarum River, focusing on anthropogenic pollution. Measurements included physicochemical, heavy metals, and microbiological parameters. Heavy metals pose significant health risks, with Pb inversely correlated to distance from the riverbank. Non-carcinogenic risk indicates water is only safe for dermal exposure, while carcinogenic risk shows unacceptable levels even for dermal contact, with Cd presenting the highest risk. Health risks are ranked as agricultural > industrial > domestic areas, with minimum safe distances from the riverbank being industrial > agricultural > domestic areas. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： River pollution

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Gravity wave interaction with cage enveloped breakwaters using DBEM

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ZAMM Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 2023年第0期

作者： Nishad, Chandra Shekhar Neelamani, Subramaniam Chen, Jeng-Tzong Vijay, K.G. Department of Mathematics School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar Gujrat India India Coastal Management Program Environment and Life Sciences Research Centre Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Safat Kuwait Department of Harbor and River Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Department of Ocean Engineering IIT Madras Tamil Nadu Chennai India

Dual boundary element method-based numerical investigations are carried out on the wave reflection, transmission, and dissipation characteristics of a breakwater made of a porous cage filled with rocks. To assess the hydrodynamic performance, we analyzed three different configurations (namely the conventional trapezoidal shape, rectangular, and inverted trapezoidal) by keeping the volume of rocks fixed for all configurations. An inverted twin trapezoidal wave barrier is found to be the efficient one to reduce wave transmission. For the practical range of relative water depths in the field, it is found that the twin inverted trapezoidal breakwater is almost 25%–35% better for reducing wave transmission when compared to the conventional single trapezoidal rubble mound breakwater. It is found that increasing the number of wave barriers in the tandem arrangement helps to reduce wave transmission. To achieve a wave transmission coefficient less than 0.4 for the practical range of relative water depth, it is required to use (Formula presented.) for the twin inverted trapezoidal breakwater, where "h1" is the height of the breakwater and "h" is the water depth. The wave transmission is found to be minimum when the porosity of the rock is closer to the natural porosity of rocks, that is, 0.4–0.5. If the relative spacing between the inverted trapezoidal breakwaters (Formula presented.) were between 1 and 2, the wave transmission decreases to an extent of 5%–10%. The present study is useful for better design and construction of offshore breakwaters for different wave-damping applications. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Wave transmission

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Prediction and analysis of atmospheric visibility in five terrain types with artificial intelligence

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Heliyon 2023年第8期9卷 e19281页

作者： Liang, Chen-Wei Chang, Chia-Chun Hsiao, Chun-Yun Liang, Chen-Jui Department of Biomechatronic Engineering National Ilan University Yilan Taiwan Master Program in UAV Application and Smart Agriculture National Ilan University Yilan Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan International School of Technology and Management Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Artificial Intelligence Technology and Application Bachelor Program Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan

Scattering visiometers are widely used to measure atmospheric visibility;however, visibility is difficult to measure accurately because the extinction coefficient decays exponentially with visual range according to the Koschmid's law. Moreover, models for predicting visibility are lacking due to the lack of accurate visibility observations to verify. This study formulated an artificial intelligence method for measuring atmospheric visibility in five topographical regions: hills, basins, plains, alluvial plains, and rift valleys. Four air pollution factors and five meteorological factors were selected as independent variables for predicting visibility by using three artificial intelligence models, namely a support vector machine (SVM) model, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, and an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model. The GridSearchCV function was used to automatically tune model hyperparameters to determine the optimal parameter values of the three models for the five target areas. The predictions of the aforementioned three models underwent considerable considerably scale shrinking relative to observed values. The inappropriately low predicted visibility values might have been caused by the use of inaccurate observations for training. To solve this problem, formulas of scale ratio and downshift were used to adjust the predicted values. Statistical measurements of model performance measures by five quantitative methods (e.g., correlation coefficient, mean absolute error) showed that adjusted predictions were in strong agreement with the observation data for the five target areas. Therefore, the adjusted prediction has high reliability. Because of obvious differences in the topography, weather, and air quality of the five target areas, different models provided optimal predictions for different areas. In densely populated western Taiwan, the MLP model is most suitable for predicting visibility on hills whereas the XGBoost model is most suitable for predictin

关键词： Air pollutants Extinction coefficient Fog-haze Koschmieder's law Machine learning Terrain effects

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Time Optimal Control for a Non-Linear Planar Vehicle Subject to Disturbances ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第20期54卷 611-616页

作者： Ayal Taitler Ilya Ioslovich Erez Karpas Per-Olof Gutman Technion Autonomous Systems Program Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

The problem of an autonomous agent moving on a planar surface, such as an aerial drone or a small naval vessel can be treated as navigation between a series of points. While nominally the movement between each pair of points can be treated as a 1D projection of the movement on the vector connecting the two points, in the presence of arbitrary constant disturbance the full problem on a plane must be considered. The minimum-time optimal solution is now dependent on the value and direction of the disturbance, which naturally affects the completion of the movement task. In this work, we address the problem of minimum time movement on a 2D plane with quadratic drag, under norm state (velocity), and norm control (acceleration) constraints. The structure and properties of the optimal solution of this nonlinear problem are found and analyzed. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) with control and state constraints is utilized. Simulations encouraging the results are presented and compared with those of the academic open-source optimal control solver Falcon.m.

关键词： Optimal control Minimum time Maximum principle Bounded disturbances

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Feasibility Study of Installing a Rooftop PV Systems in Suranaree University of technology

Feasibility Study of Installing a Rooftop PV Systems in Sura...

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International Electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Atithan Thippongtorn Keerati Suluksna Student of Engineering Program in Energy Management Insitute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Assistant professor of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195841;9781728195858

The objectives of this research are study and evaluate the potential of a Rooftop PV System Installation in Suranaree University of technology (SUT) by means of considering the basis of polycrystalline silicon and on-grid connected system. Variables of evaluation are namely; the solar radiation on a tilted surface, an area of the PV array, and the efficiency according to the cell temperature. To determine the economic feasibility, Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Benefit cost ratio (B/C Ratio), Discounted payback period (DPB), Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and Sensitivity analysis were employed. The period of this study is specified up to 25 years base on solar cell life time. The result shows that the rooftops of SUT are efficiency. 38 buildings were considered and the result of economics study shows that NPV is Positive, IRR is more than minimum loan rate, B/C Ratio is more than one, DPB is 9.3 years, LCOE is 1.94 baht/unit, and the Sensitivity scenario demonstrates the cost reduction in an installation from 50 to 45 baht/watt. To sum up, the project is quite interesting to invest.

关键词： Economics Temperature sensors Electrical engineering Sensitivity analysis Photovoltaic cells Buildings Silicon

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Time-Energy Optimal Control of a Non-Linear Surface Vehicle Subject to Disturbances ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第14期54卷 48-53页

The problem of a planar vehicle moving on a surface, such as an aerial drone or small naval vessel can be treated as series of trajectory planning problems between way-points. While nominally the movement between each two four dimensional points (positions and velocities) can be treated as an 1D projection of the movement on the vector connecting the two points, in the presence of arbitrary disturbance, the full problem on a plane must be considered. The combined minimum-time-energy optimal solution is now dependent on the value and direction of the disturbance, which naturally affects the structure and completion of the movement task. In this work, we address the minimum time-energy problem of a movement on a 2D plane with quadratic drag, under norm state (velocity), and norm control (acceleration) constraints. The structure and properties of the optimal solution are found and analyzed. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) with control and state constraints is utilized. Simulations supporting the results are provided and compared with those of the open-source academic optimal control solver Falcon.m .

关键词： Optimal control Minimum time Maximum principle Bounded disturbances

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