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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on the Uptake and Translocation of PFAS and Metabolomic Activities of Hydroponically Cultivated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2025年第18期73卷 10907-10913页

作者： Adu, Olatunbosun Duza, Syeda Sharmin Sharma, Virender K. Ma, Xingmao Department of Water Management and Hydrological Science Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Program for the Environment and Sustainability Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Texas A&M University 212 Adriance Lab Rd. 1266 TAMU College StationTX77843 United States Department of Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Increasing evidence is showing that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) replacing compounds are not as safe as they were assumed. This study investigated the plant uptake of two most prevalent PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) and their replacing compounds, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA or GenX) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs) (6:2 Cl-PFAES) by hydroponically grown lettuce in the presence of different nitrogen fertilizers including ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and urea in a growth chamber. Interestingly, (NH4)2SO4 significantly increased GenX uptake in lettuce shoots by ∼108% and KNO3 increased the uptake of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFAES by 267% and 395%, respectively, suggesting that the nitrogen fertilizer type has a marked impact on the plant uptake of PFAS and that this impact was PFAS-dependent. Our results also showed that (NH4)2SO4 generally resulted in higher PFAS root to shoot transfer than the other two types of nitrogen fertilizers. Metabolomic analysis revealed that amino acids, nucleotides, and antioxidants are the major metabolites that were either significantly increased or decreased in the lettuce shoots. These results showed that nitrogen fertilization management can have a significant impact on PFAS plant uptake and transport, and the impact depends on the types of nitrogen fertilizer and PFAS compounds. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Urea fertilizers

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Effects of population pressures on the design capacity and effluent quality of the Nkowankowa wastewater treatment works in South Africa

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Discover Environment 2025年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Masekela, Mahlodi Esther Maduna, Lusiwe Zamokuhle Shiba, Nothando Cynthia Thabethe, Nomsa Baloyi, Ntsako Dellas Sekhohola-Dlamini, Lerato Chabalala, Yingisani Shale, Karabo Leeto-La-Africa Community Engagement Scholarship Project (CU_1600) Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of South Africa Tshwane 0002 South Africa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Building Science Florida Campus University of South Africa Roodepoort 1710 South Africa Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Florida Campus University of South Africa Roodepoort 1710 South Africa School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies College of Graduate Studies University of South Africa Pretoria 0001 South Africa

This study investigated the effects of population growth on the performance of Nkowankowa Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Four-year (2020–2023) effluent quality data obtained from the Nkowankowa WWTW was compared with the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) general limit standards for effluent discharge. Performance of the WWTWs was assessed using three (Compliance Monitoring, Wastewater Treatment, and Effluent Quality Compliance) key performance areas (KPAs) as outlined in the South African Green Drop standards. Numerical data was analysed using descriptive statistics (Microsoft Excel). The results revealed that Nkowankowa population has more than doubled (from ~ 42 859 to ~ 110 963 people) since the construction of the WWTW, and this has put enormous pressure on the plant’s design operational capacity (from 4.5 to 17.75 ML/day). During this period, various effluent parameters were non-compliant and exceeded the limits with the following maximum values: E. coli 2,233.85 counts per 100 ml, Ammonia 137.00 mg/L, Orthophosphate 38.25 mg/L, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 115.62 mg/L. Nkowankowa WWTW was found to be non-compliant in all three KPAs with an overall score of 32%, which is classified as a high risk as per the Green Drop standards. Moreover, the effluent quality improved over the years with the increase in the population. This study concluded that there were other factors which contributed to the non-performance of WWTW other than population increase. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Compliance monitoring Effluent quality Performance Population growth Wastewater treatment works

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Reconfiguring Surface Acoustic Wave Microfluidics via In Situ Control of Elastic Wave Polarization

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第3期134卷 037002-037002页

作者： Yu Gao (郜煜) Thomas Voglhuber-Brunnmaier Yuekang Li Leyla Akh Nicholas H. Patino Apresio Kefin Fajrial Massimo Ruzzene Bernhard Jakoby Xiaoyun Ding Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Biomedical Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We demonstrate in situ control of the elastic wave polarization in a surface acoustic wave (SAW). It allows us to create highly reconfigurable SAW microfluidics that can be switched on demand between the acoustohydrodynamic (AHD) regime and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) regime for manipulating particles and cells. The control of wave polarization comes from our experimental and theoretical identification of an unexpected shear-horizontal (SH) wave mode in a conventional Rayleigh (R) wave design, which is stereotyped to excite only vertically polarized Rayleigh SAWs. The SH wave mode is predominantly horizontally polarized and can be selectively excited to propagate in the same direction as the Rayleigh SAW. Such a selective wave generation between the SH mode and R mode allows for reconfiguration between AHD and EHD regimes that leads to unprecedented colloidal patterns and assembly dynamics. Such a reconfiguration of the particle manipulation mechanism can be explained by the controllable competition or synergism between the coexisting acoustic and electric fields. Remarkably, in the EHD regime, a virtual zero-boundary electric quadrupole is created, and a novel colloidal diamond-shaped assembly is observed in this piezoelectric-quadrupole trap, which was rarely reported in acoustic or electric microfluidics. The presented in situ control of polarization revolutionizes our understanding of SAW and acoustofluidics, expands its potential by assuming the advantages of AHD and EHD on demand, and inspires new strategies in micro- and nanoscale manufacturing and manipulation, with applications beyond fundamental scientific interest.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Pd-modified SnO2 octahedrons for humidity-independent ethanol vapor gas sensing

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1028卷

作者： Wang, Dongting Ding, Shan Chen, Su'e Shan, Dongyu Jiang, Chunjie Zhang, Xinning School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian116029 China Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Liaoning Provincial Ecology & Environment Monitoring Center Shenyang110161 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

The type and amount of oxygen adsorption species under varying humidity conditions are key factors in improving the sensitivity of SnO2-based resistive gas sensors to combustible gases and their stability against humidity changes. We investigated the effect of Pd metal surface modification on the sensitivity stability and oxygen adsorption species of octahedral SnO2 nanoparticles under humid conditions. The results show that, at a working temperature of 124°C and a testing temperature of 25°C, the 4 % Pd/SnO2 sensor maintains stable sensitivity to ethanol within the relative humidity (RH%) range of 11–95 %, with a response value of approximately 42. In contrast, the unmodified SnO2 sensor shows a gradual decrease in response as humidity increases. Pd modification effectively enhanced the sensor's response under humid conditions while maintaining good stability against humidity changes. Therefore, we have successfully improved the sensitivity stability of SnO2 nanoparticles during humidity variations, marking an important advancement in the development of high-performance, practical resistive-type gas sensors. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Metal nanoparticles

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Integrating Sustainability and Industry 4.0: A Framework for Sustainable Logistics 4.0

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年 1-39页

作者： Di Nardo, Mario Gallab, Maryam Murino, Teresa Wu, Jing Pandey, Shatrudhan Facoltàdi Ingegneria Università Telematica Pegaso Rome 00186 Italy MIS-LISTD Laboratory Computer Science Department Mines-Rabat School (ENSMR) Rabat 10000 Morocco Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering University of Naples “Federico II” Naples Italy Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark Marwadi University Research Center Faculty of Management Studies Marwadi University Gujarat Rajkot 360003 India

As society becomes more aware of environmental and social issues, supply chain stakeholders increasingly consider these factors alongside efficiency, cost, and time. The logistics industry must adapt by integrating Industry 4.0 technologies and sustainability practices. Sustainable Logistics 4.0, though nascent, is gaining traction for enhancing sustainability through digital interventions. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review and bibliometric network analysis using data extracted from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2013 to 2023, focusing on the integration of sustainability, Industry 4.0, and logistics. Noting a gap in conceptual frameworks, the paper performs a SWOT analysis to identify key factors and proposes a framework for digitalizing sustainable logistics and addressing emerging challenges. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Circular Economy Industry 4.0 Logistics Sustainability TBL

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Design and optimization of a fluid flow splitting device for low-flow applications

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SLAS Technology 2025年 32卷 100305页

作者： Yates, Alexis K. Murray, Heather N. Lippmann, Ethan S. Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States

Microfluidic devices are defined by the application of fluid flow to micron-scale features. Inherent to most experiments involving microfluidic devices is the need to precisely and reproducibly control fluid flow at the microliter scale, often through multiple inlet ports on a single device. While the number of fluid channels per device varies, perfusing multiple inputs requires either the use of multiple flow controllers (often syringe or peristaltic pumps) or the ability to evenly divide fluid across outlets. Towards the latter approach, while a handful of commercial systems exist for splitting fluid flow, these set-ups require significant financial investment, multiple flow control and sensing components, and restrict the user to a predetermined perfusion control system. Simple in-line splitting devices, such a manifolds or T junctions, fail to achieve flow splitting at low flow rates often used in microfluidic systems. To increase capabilities for flow-controlled experiments, we performed experimental analyses of the physical considerations governing even flow splitting under low flow, leading to the design of a microdevice (µ-Split) that can be directly inserted into existing microfluidic set-ups. The µ-Split allows for reproducible, even flow splitting from 10 uL/min to > 2.5 mL/min. By testing multiple device geometries in combination with multiphysics simulations, we identified the design and fabrication features underlying the splitting precision achieved by the µ-Split. Overall, this work provides a useful tool to simplify microfluidic experiments that require evenly divided flow streams, while minimizing the overall device footprint. © 2025

关键词： Microfluidics

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Machine Learning for Identifying Grain Boundaries in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Images of Nanoparticle Superlattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Paruchuri, Aanish Thrasher, Carl Hart, A.J. Macfarlane, Robert Jayaraman, Arthi Science in Data Science Program University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy St NewarkDE19713 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States Data Science Institute University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States

Nanoparticle superlattices consisting of ordered arrangements of nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties arising from nanoparticle characteristics as well as their collective behaviors. Understanding how processing conditions influence the nanoscale arrangement and microstructure is critical for engineering materials with desired macroscopic properties. Microstructural features such as grain boundaries, lattice defects, and pores significantly affect these properties but are challenging to quantify using traditional manual analyses as they are labor-intensive and prone to errors. In this work, we present a machine learning workflow for automating grain segmentation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanoparticle superlattices. This workflow integrates signal processing techniques, such as Radon transforms, with unsupervised learning methods like agglomerative hierarchical clustering to identify and segment grains without requiring manually annotated data. In the workflow we transform the raw pixel data into explainable numerical representation of superlattice orientations for clustering. Benchmarking results demonstrate the workflow's robustness against noisy images and edge cases, with a processing speed of four images per minute on standard computational hardware. This efficiency makes the workflow scalable to large datasets and makes it a valuable tool for integrating data-driven models into decision-making processes for material design and analysis. For example, one can use this workflow to quantify grain size distributions at varying processing conditions like temperature and pressure and using that knowledge adjust processing conditions to achieve desired superlattice orientations and grain sizes. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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A Runaway Electron Avalanche Surrogate for Partially Ionized Plasmas

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Arnaud, Jonathan S. McDevitt, Christopher J. Tang, Xian-Zhu Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States

A physics-constrained deep learning surrogate that predicts the exponential "avalanche" growth rate of runaway electrons (REs) for a plasma containing partially ionized impurities is developed. Specifically, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) that learns the adjoint of the relativistic Fokker-Planck equation in steady-state is derived, enabling a rapid surrogate of the RE avalanche for a broad range of plasma parameters, motivating a path towards an ML-accelerated integrated description of a tokamak disruption. A steady-state power balance equation together with atomic physics data is embedded directly into the PINN, thus limiting the PINN to train across physically consistent temperatures and charge state distributions. This restricted training domain enables accurate predictions of the PINN while drastically reducing the computational cost of training the model. In addition, a novel closure for the relativistic electron population used when evaluating the secondary source of REs is developed that enables improved accuracy compared to a Rosenbluth-Putvinski source. The avalanche surrogate is verified against Monte Carlo simulations, where it is shown to accurately predict the RE avalanche growth rate across a broad range of plasma parameters encompassing distinct tokamak disruption scenarios. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Fokker Planck equation

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The effect and mechanism of microplastics to the N2O emission in underground and aboveground wastewater treatment plants

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2025年第10期32卷 5838-5848页

作者： Jiang, Xiaoyan Xia, Zhiwei Li, Lu Wang, Zezheng Li, Biqing Wang, Siyu Zhou, Yiwen Song, Kang School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei230022 China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan430072 China Guangzhou511458 China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510650 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co. Ltd. Guangzhou510655 China

This study investigated the effect and microbial mechanism of microplastics to the N2O emission in underground and aboveground wastewater treatment plants. The microplastics in the influent of Uwwtp and Awwtp were 4953 ± 558 and 2253 ± 563 particles/L. The microplastics rejection rate were 86.36 ± 0.02% (Awwtp) and 90.56 ± 0.02% (Uwwtp), respectively. The N2O concentration were 106.40 ± 134.17 nmol/L in Uwwtp and 53.58 ± 32.68 nmol/L in Awwtp. The N2O/NO3– ratio was 0.55% in the aerobic tank of Uwwtp. The N2O/NH4+ ratio was 0.39% in aerobic tank and 0.52% in secondary sedimentation tank of Awwtp. The microplastics were significantly correlated with NH4+ (p 4+ (p 2–, NO3– (p 2O emission. Microplastics in wwtps, i.e., the plastisphere, may be a novel microbial colonization site that could be vital to N2O emissions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Denitrification

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Thermally treated granite slurry waste as a mitigating agent for sisal fiber mineralization in fiber-cement composites

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International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 2025年

作者： Gutiérrez, Maximo A. U. da Silveira, Thamires A. Ribeiro, Felipe V. Aramburu, Arthur B. Gomes, Cristian C. Gonçalves, Margarete R. F. Delucis, Rafael A. Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil Wood Industry Engineering Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

This study explores the use of thermally treated granite slurry waste to mitigate the mineralization of sisal fibers in fiber-cement composites. Granite waste was thermally treated at 600°C and 900°C, and the treated materials were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sisal fibers, alkali-treated with 1.7% NaOH, were incorporated into fiber-cement composites, where 15% and 30% of the cement was replaced by treated and untreated granite. Composites with 15% of granite treated at 600°C and 900°C showed improvements in compressive strength of up to 12% and 18%, respectively, compared to the control. The flexural strength increased by 10% with 15% granite treated at 900°C. However, the untreated granite at 30% replacement increased porosity by 25% and water absorption by 18%, negatively affecting the mechanical properties. Aging tests showed a 40% loss in compressive strength, while composites with 30% granite treated at 900°C maintained their flexural strength, making them more durable. These findings highlight the potential of thermally treated granite waste to enhance the sustainability and performance of fiber-cement composites in construction. © 2025 The Author(s). International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Ceramics Society.

关键词： Machinability

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