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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jung, Woochan Arnault, Ethan G. Huang, Bevin Park, Jinho Jang, Seong Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Englund, Dirk Fong, Kin Chung Lee, Gil-Ho Physics Department Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Quantum Materials and Sensing Institute BurlingtonMA01803 United States

The thermal response of proximity Josephson junctions (JJs) is governed by the temperature (T)- dependent occupation of Andreev bound states (ABS), making them promising candidates for sensitive thermal detection. In this study, we systematically engineer ABS to enhance the thermal sensitivity of critical current (lc) of proximity JJs, quantified as |dlc/dT/| for threshold readout scheme and |dlc/***−1| for inductive readout scheme. Using a gate-tunable graphene-based JJ platform, we explore the impact of key parameters—including channel length, transparency, carrier density, and superconducting material—on the thermal response. Our results reveal that the proximity-induced superconducting gap plays a crucial role in optimizing thermal sensitivity. Notably, we see a maximum |dlc/***−1| value of 0.6 K−1 at low temperatures with titanium-based graphene JJs. By demonstrating a systematic approach to engineering ABS in proximity JJs, this work establishes a versatile framework for optimizing thermal sensors and advancing the study of ABS-mediated transport. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Superconducting materials

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High-Temperature Decomposition of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate (DIMP) on Alumina: Mechanistic Predictions from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Biswas, Sohag Wong, Bryan M. Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Materials Science & Engineering Program Department of Physics & Astronomy Department of Chemistry University of California-Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States

The enhanced degradation of organophosphorous-based chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on metal-oxide surfaces holds immense promise for neutralization efforts;however, the underlying mechanisms in this process remain poorly understood. We utilize large-scale quantum calculations for the first time to probe the high-temperature degradation of diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), a nerve agent simulant. Our Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) calculations show that the γ-Al2O3 surface shows immense promise for quickly adsorbing and destroying CWAs. We find that the alumina surface quickly adsorbs DIMP at all temperatures, and subsequent decomposition of DIMP proceeds via a propene elimination. Our BOMD calculations are complemented with metadynamics simulations to produce free energy paths, which show that the activation barrier decreases with temperature and DIMP readily decomposes on γ-Al2O3. Our first-principle BOMD and metadynamics simulations provide crucial diagnostics for sarin decomposition models and mechanistic information for examining CWA decomposition reactions on other candidate metal oxide surfaces. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Free energy

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Reexamining the ethical, legal, social, and cultural implications for cochlear implants through a novel neuroethics framework

Reexamining the ethical, legal, social, and cultural implica...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, ISTAS 2022

作者： Prins, Noeline W. Monteleone, Rebecca Soldado-Magraner, Joana Nash, Joanne E. Young, Michael J. Cabrera, Laura University of Ruhuna Faculty of Engineering Hapugala Sri Lanka University of Toledo Disability Studies Program Toledo United States Carnegie Mellon University Department of Biomedical Engineering Pittsburgh United States University of Toronto Department Biological Sciences Scarborough Canada Harvard University Harvard Medical School Division of Neurocritical Care United States Penn State University Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665484107

In the last few decades humanity has experienced a true technological revolution. The discoveries of this Information Era have found applications in myriad domains. Most recently, there has been an explosion of new information technologies designed to directly communicate with our bodies, and most notably, our brains. These so-called neurotechnologies might fundamentally transform the way we interact with the external world, and promise to revolutionize the medical field. Neurological and psychiatric conditions have been identified as some of the most pressing public health challenges of this century, given that relatively little is known about their causes, and that they are becoming a major concern among an increasingly aging population. Therefore, there is a tremendous incentive to promote the development of more advanced neurotechnologies. However, there has not been a similar drive to analyze the implications that such technologies might have on both individuals with these disorders, their caregivers and society in general. Here, as part of the IEEE Brain Neuroethics Initiative, we present a framework to analyze issues that might arise when designing and using a wide range of medical neurotechnologies. To illustrate the utility of our framework, we apply it to one of the most established medical neurotechnologies to date, cochlear implants. We highlight a range of ethical implications on safety, wellbeing, and agency, among other factors, as well as potential legal, societal and cultural considerations. Through this case study, we exemplify the benefits of analyzing neurotechnologies using our ethical framework, and encourage neurotechnology stakeholders such as researchers, engineers, clinicians, funding agents and end users to apply it in order to guide responsible development and deployment of neurotechnologies.1Authors contributed equally and both should be recognized as first author © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cochlear implants

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ZnO AS AN INDUCER OF SPINEL-LIKE PHASE FORMATION ON ALUMINA-BASED CASTABLES 17

ZnO AS AN INDUCER OF SPINEL-LIKE PHASE FORMATION ON ALUMINA-...

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17th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 2022

作者： Borges, O.H. Sardelli, J.A.P. Rocha, R.M. Neto, C. Pagliosa Pandolfelli, V.C. Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering SP Sao Carlos Brazil FIRE Associate Laboratory SP Sao Carlos Brazil RHI Magnesita Research and Development Center Praça Louis Ensch 240 MG Contagem32210-902 Brazil

Environmental and occupational issues regarding Cr6+ formation urge the replacement of chrome-containing refractories by greener alternatives. For the latest decades, magnesium-containing refractories have been investigated for this purpose, however, few studies evaluated the likelihood of using other chemical elements as inducers of spinel-like phase formation in refractory castables. In this work, the addition of zincite (ZnO) in alumina-based vibrated castables bonded with calcium aluminate cement (CAC) or hydratable alumina (HA) was evaluated and compared with its MgO counterpart. The formation of the Zn-based spinel (ZnAl2O4, gahnite) took place at a lower temperature (1100 ºC) than MgAl2O4 (1300 ºC), resulting in the anticipated strengthening of these compositions. Despite the challenges regarding using ZnO - as its volatilization under reduced atmosphere and fast reaction kinetics -, lower linear dimensional changes, comparable cold modulus of rupture and enhanced thermal shock damage resistance was detected. © 2022 Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 2022 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc oxide

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Large negative magnetoresistance in the off-stoichiometric topological semimetal PrSbxTe2−x

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Physical Review B 2025年第2期111卷 024421-024421页

作者： Gokul Acharya Krishna Pandey M. M. Sharma Jian Wang Santosh Karki Chhetri Md Rafique Un Nabi Dinesh Upreti Rabindra Basnet Josh Sakon Department of Physics University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Wichita State University Wichita Kansas 67260 USA Department of Chemistry & Physics University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff Arkansas 71603 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA

Magnetic topological materials LnSbTe (Ln = lanthanide) have attracted intensive attention because of the presence of interplay between magnetism, topological, and electron correlations depending on the choices of magnetic Ln elements. Varying Sb and Te composition is an efficient approach to control structural, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here, we report on the composition-dependent properties in PrSbxTe2−x. We identified the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structure transitions in this material system and very large negative magnetoresistance in the x=0.3 composition, which might be ascribed to the coupling between magnetism and transport. Such unusual magnetotransport enables PrSbxTe2−x topological materials as a promising platform for device applications.

关键词： Magnetoresistance

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Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of Philippine natural zeolite-mixed concrete

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 236卷

作者： Rosero, Maria Cecilia SB. Grande, Marianna Lourdes Marie L. Inocencio, Eric M. Gili, Mon Bryan Z. Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics – University of the Philippines Manila Ermita Manila1000 Philippines Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Nuclear Research Institute Commonwealth Avenue Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Medical Imaging Department Las Piñas General Hospital and Satellite Trauma Center Las Piñas City1742 Philippines Materials Science and Engineering Program College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines

This study investigated the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of Philippine natural zeolite (PNZ)-mixed concrete as a potential sustainable alternative to traditional cement in radiation shielding applications. Concrete mixtures with 0 %, 20 %, and 40 % PNZ replacement were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and radiation shielding efficiency against X-ray and gamma radiation. The specific density of the control sample (pure concrete) is 1.75 g/cm3 while the concrete with 20 % and 40 % cement replacements were 1.62 and 1.61 g/cm3, respectively. Results showed that the 40 % PNZ mixture exhibited the highest mechanical strength, with a 400 % increase in the average compressive strength from the pure concrete mixture, attributed to the pozzolanic reaction between zeolite and calcium hydroxide. The 20 % PNZ mixture demonstrated the best radiation shielding performance, achieving the highest linear attenuation coefficients of 0.623, 0.433, 0.421, and 0.167 cm−1 at 65, 100, 118, and 662 keV, respectively. As a result, the concrete with 20 % cement replacement also exhibited the highest mass attenuation coefficients at these energies. The total atomic cross-section followed the trend 0 % > 20 % > 40 %, with the control sample having the lowest mean free path (MFP) and half-value layer (HVL) at lower energies. Experimental and simulation results confirmed that the 20 % PNZ mixture offers an optimal balance between mechanical strength and radiation shielding while promoting sustainability by reducing cement usage. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Reactor shielding

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Second harmonic Bessel-Gauss beam shaping with elliptic axicon aberrations

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 013012-013012页

作者： Tianhong Wang Finn Buldt Pascal Bassène Saad Bin Ali Reza Edwin Fohtung Thomas A. Searles Chiu Tai Law Moussa N'Gom Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Troy New York 12180 USA The Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Center for Materials Devices and Integrated Systems (CMDIS) Low center RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2102 USA

The second harmonic (SH) of an axicon generated Bessel-Gauss beam is created through the nonlinear interaction of photons with a crystal, resulting in the energy doubling of the output photons. In this work, we show experimentally that in addition to frequency doubling, the SH of Bessel-Gauss beams under asymmetric aberrations from an elliptic axicon exhibit intriguing beam formation. Particularly, the central region of the SH beam profile is composed of two central spots of various geometries surrounded by nested ellipses; one of which is the configuration of two central gamma dots with similar radius knotted by nested ellipses for a zeroth-order Bessel-Gauss pump. These SH beams consistently maintain their spatial profile throughout propagation, reminiscing the behavior of screw dislocations in wave patterns. Our numerical simulations produce beam dynamics consistent with that of experiments and further implicate the remarkable interweaving of bright spots with dark vortices. This is especially noticeable when the beams dynamically oscillate along the optical axis, resulting in the genesis of spatially polarized beams with a knotted framework. The insights gained from our study establish a novel paradigm for exploring interactions of Bessel-like beams with vortex dynamics. This, in turn, has the potential to spark innovations in optical applications, fostering new methodologies to harness and manipulate complex light structures. Our experimental findings could spur new methods of generating logical states of light and new opportunities for material processing control.

关键词： Aberrations

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Detection of COVID-19 infection based on electronic nose technique: preliminary study

Detection of COVID-19 infection based on electronic nose tec...

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2022 International Electrical engineering Congress, iEECON 2022

作者： Phukkaphan, Natnaree Eamsa-Ard, Tanthip Aunsa-Ard, Wandee Khunarak, Chayanin Nitivanichsakul, Tuleeya Roongpuvapaht, Boonsam Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat Mahidol University Materials Science and Engineering Program Faculty of Science Bangkok Thailand Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Samut Prakan Thailand Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ramathibodi Hospital Faculty of Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Research Network of NANOTEC Mahidol University National Nanotechnology Center Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402064

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic have reached almost every country in the world and caused a global health crisis. It is necessary to detect COVID-19 with fast and accurate diagnosis method in order to prevent the rapid spread of Covid-19. This paper presents a preliminary study of using electronic nose (e-nose) technology for detection of COVD-19 infection. In this experiment, the human exhaled breaths of healthy volunteers, asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients were collected with commercial face masks for 5 minutes followed by the measurement with an e-nose machine in a closed system. The COVID-19 positivity was confirmed by RT-PCR method. According to the experiment, the odor intensity of human exhaled breath can be described with the total sensing response value. The exhaled breath of COVID-19 infected patients show higher odor intensity than the healthy volunteers (control). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows the classification of three data groups;healthy volunteers, COVID-19 infected patients and unclassified people. For the unclassified cases, the medical record has shown that these people have been subjected either to some respiratory diseases or just recovered from COVID-19 infection. From these preliminary results, e-nose technology and its measurement proto-cols can be considered as a viable tool for COVID-19 rapid detection. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Tailoring Mesoporous and Macroporous Structures in Activated Carbon from Naoh-Pretreated Oak for Superior Supercapacitors

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lim, Mu-Seong Kang, Seo Hui Song, Dae-Yeon Chae, Ji Su Lee, Jae-Won Lee, Younki Roh, Kwang Chul Energy Storage Materials Center Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology Gyeongsangnam‑do Jinju-Si52851 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University 501 Jinju-daero Gyeongsangnam-do Jinju-Si52828 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Anam-Dong Seongbuk-Gu Seoul136-713 Korea Republic of Department of Wood Science and Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of

The growing need for sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions has intensified research efforts into eco-friendly materials such as activated carbon (AC) derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, we present a method to enhance the physical characteristics of AC from oak via NaOH pretreatment. The NaOH-pretreated oak was converted into AC through carbonization and chemical activation using KOH as the activating agent. The AC tended to develop mesopores (2–50 nm) and macropores (> 50 nm) as the pretreatment ratio increased (0%, 1%, 2%, and 8%), achieving a specific surface area of up to 2706 m2 g–1 and a pore volume of up to 1.97 cm3 g–1. This result is due to the transformation of the structure of lignocellulosic biomass into a more advantageous structure for pore development through the reactions of delignification and deacetylation that occur during NaOH pretreatment. The mesoporous and macroporous structures offer efficient ion diffusion pathways and reduce resistance, which leads to superior rate capability, capacity retention, and a gravimetric specific capacitance of 44.5 F g–1 at a current density of 1 mA cm–2 in supercapacitors. These results underscore the potential of NaOH-pretreated oak as a sustainable and effective precursor for high-performance AC in energy storage applications, offering new insights into the optimization of material properties for supercapacitors. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lignocellulose

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Phase field simulation of dendrite growth in gas atomized binary Al-Ni droplets

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Particuology 2020年第3期18卷 43-52页

作者： Yuntao Cai Pengjun Fang Xinggang Li Yi Xu School of Materials Science&Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of EducationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Catalytic powders with fine microstructures can be produced from a rapidly solidified gas atomized Al-Ni *** solidification microstructure of the droplets is closely linked with heat flow ***,the heat transfer conditions between the gas and droplet are essential to microstructural *** this study,a phase field model for simulating single and multiple dendrite growth in a binary Al-Ni alloy was constructed and the microstructural evolutions occurring during a gas atomization process were *** variations in the heat transfer coefficient and the boundary heat flux were taken into *** results revealed that the heat transfer coefficient of the atomized droplet in flight is correlated with the droplet size and the relative velocity between the droplet and the atomizing *** the simulation,the competition between boundary heat flux extraction and latent heat release from phase transition causes a recalescence process in thermal history,thereby affecting the gradient temperature distribution and,consequently,the dendrite *** growth under the effects of the heat transfer coefficient is restrained continuously because of the decreasing amount of *** computational results confirmed the fine homogeneous microstructure and low microsegregation levels of gas atomized powders.

关键词： Numerical simulation Dendrite morphology Solidification Gas atomization

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