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RD22 as a potential rice variety for space exploration: Investigation the impact of a clinostat-simulated microgravity on seed germination across commercial rice varieties

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Acta Astronautica 2025年 234卷 229-241页

作者： Krobthong, Sucheewin Yingchutrakul, Yodying Butkinaree, Chutikarn Tantapakul, Cholpisut Moung-ngam, Peerapon Boonhaijaroen, Narit Aonbangkhen, Chanat Channumsin, Sittiporn Tulyananda, Tatpong Plant Biology & Astrobotany Laboratory School of Bioinnovation and Bio-Based Product Intelligence Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand and Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology NSTDA Pathumthani12120 Thailand The Research Unit of Natural Product Utilization School of Science Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80160 Thailand Pathumthani Rice Research Stations Rice Department Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative Thailand Technopreneurship and Innovation Management Program Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Chonburi Thailand

Rice is considered crucial for space farming due to its high caloric content and ability to provide a staple food source, and because it can be genetically modified to optimize growth in controlled environments, making it suitable for the closed-loop life support systems necessary in space habitats. This study explores the viability of cultivating commercial rice varieties in microgravity environments, an essential consideration for space agriculture. We employed a 3-dimensional-clinostat to simulate microgravity conditions and observed the germination process with protein changes of five rice varieties: RD22, RD61, PTT1, KDML105, and RD81. The maximal germination percentage (max-GP) was found to be statistically similar across all varieties. Notably, under microgravity, RD22 and RD61 showed increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, suggesting enhanced oxidative stress. Proteomic analysis, conducted through 10plex-TMT experiments, revealed a balanced ratio of up- and down-regulated proteins in RD22 and RD61. Contrastingly, PTT1, KDML105, and RD81 predominantly showed protein down-regulation. Remarkably, RD22 demonstrated up-regulation of proteins associated with translation factors and cellular differentiation, suggesting a robust adaptive response. Furthermore, the gibberellin (GA3) level in RD22 significantly increased under microgravity compared to normal gravity, potentially contributing to its superior germination and promising growth prospects. Our findings position RD22 as a favorable candidate for space farming, owing to its germination resilience in microgravity and potential for higher yields. This research lays the groundwork for future studies focused on optimizing RD22 cultivation for extraterrestrial agriculture, potentially expanding the horizons of crop production beyond Earth. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Proteomics

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Computational inverse design of acoustoplasmonic metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Holland, Julia E. Boechler, Nicholas Poulikakos, Lisa V. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering UC La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0021 United States Program in Materials Science & Engineering UC La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0021 United States

Optical and acoustic metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength elements that locally modulate or phase shift incident waves. Acoustoplasmonic metasurfaces combine the physics of light and sound, producing acoustic wavefronts in response to optical stimuli. Herein, we present a computational inverse acoustoplasmonic metasurface design algorithm for desired optically-generated acoustic wave fields. We consider gold nanoparticles producing spherical acoustic waves in water, and the resulting acoustic wave propagation along the plane containing the nanoparticle array. We demonstrate how our algorithm can be used to design metasurfaces that can be used to achieve complex acoustic wave fields. This includes the design of a single metasurface that produces acoustic wave fields mimicking two different Morse code patterns upon stimulation with two orthogonal polarization states of light. This work provides a new tool for the design of complex optically generated acoustic wavefronts, enabling functionality beyond what would be achievable with off-optical-resonance optoacoustic excitation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic wave propagation

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engineering hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: Pioneering membrane materials for advanced separation

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 370卷

作者： Elboughdiri, Noureddine Kriaa, Karim Maatki, Chemseddine Fatimah, Siti Chaouiki, Abdelkarim Chafiq, Maryam Ko, Young Gun Chemical Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Ha'il P.O. Box 2440 Ha'il81441 Saudi Arabia Riyadh11432 Saudi Arabia Riyadh11432 Saudi Arabia Integrated Materials Chemistry Laboratory School of Materials Science and Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan38541 Cuba Chemistry Program Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung40154 Indonesia

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials that are primarily synthesized through the self-assembly of organic or metal–organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. These materials have garnered significant attention for their potential in low-carbon, energy-efficient separation processes, particularly in the areas of adsorption and membrane separation. The inherent capability of HOFs for solution processing further enhances their versatility, allowing for the fabrication of adsorbents and membranes with tailored microstructures that can be fine-tuned to meet specific separation requirements. Recent advancements in HOF-based membranes have focused on innovative strategies for material preparation, including the selection of suitable building blocks, the optimization of synthesis conditions, and the development of new classification techniques. In this context, a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the design and synthesis of HOF-based membranes, emphasizing novel material engineering strategies has been discussed. Furthermore, the potential of HOF-based membranes, governed by their physicochemical properties and hierarchical self-assembly, is systematically examined in this review. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of HOF-based membranes are systematically analyzed, with a focus on structural stability, performance optimization, and advanced functionalization strategies to enhance their high-precision applicability in high-precision separation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Self assembly

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Prediction of enthalpy of vaporization for particulate matter through molecular dynamics using OPLS force field

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Journal of Aerosol science 2025年 188卷

作者： Jeong, Seung Weon Kim, Yeonseo Lim, Hyung-Kyu Chan Kim, Min Song, Chul Han Lee, Sangheon Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-gu Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-gu Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do24341 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical Engineering Jeju National University Jeju63243 Korea Republic of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju61005 Korea Republic of

Chemical pollutant molecules dispersed in the atmosphere in the form of particulate matter are harmful to humans. Accurate data sets on the volatility of particulate matter components are required to address the ongoing issues of air pollution, as volatility determines the distribution of particulate components between gas and particle phases. Herein, we estimate the volatility for representative components of particulate matter by calculating the enthalpy of vaporization using molecular dynamics simulations. Compared with conventional static prediction methods such as Hansen solubility parameter and conductor-like screening model methods, the molecular dynamics method proves to effectively and accurately predict enthalpies of vaporization for a wide range of particulate matter components without additional parameter optimization. Using the molecular dynamics approach, we calculate enthalpies of vaporization for 71 representative organic species that could be primary particulate matter sources. The predicted enthalpy of vaporization values can be used as a fundamental data set for future air quality modeling and scientific understanding of the formation of particulate matter. Given the limitations in experimentally characterizing the volatility of various components in particulate matter, we envisage that our dynamical method based on the evaluation of intermolecular interactions can also be used to study the dynamics associated with the formation of particulate matter in addition to providing thermodynamic data. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Air quality

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Nonsaturated large magnetoresistance and transport dynamics in a n-doped cryogenic WSe2 field-effect device

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Physical Review B 2025年第12期111卷 125307-125307页

作者： Wei-Chen Lin Ching-Chen Yeh Jia-Zhu Zou Nhat Anh Nguyen Phan Inayat Uddin Hai Yen Le Thi Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Gil-Ho Kim Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 164 Republic of Korea Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan

Interest in the two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) continues to intensify, driven by their suitable band gaps to supplant silicon as next-generation semiconductor materials. Among various TMDs, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is renowned for its superior electrical properties in carrier density and mobility under ambient conditions. Despite its notable attributes, the behavior of monolayer WSe2 in the electron-doped regime under cryogenic conditions remains largely uncharted, particularly concerning its magnetotransport properties. In this study, we reveal the transport mechanisms of monolayer WSe2 from high temperatures down to the cryogenic regime. As evident by Efros–Shklovskii variable-range hopping (E-S VRH) in the cryogenic regime, strong Coulomb interactions arise between electrons. Above 8 K, an uncommon nonsaturated quadratic large magnetoresistance (MR) can be explained by the wave-function shrinkage model, which is consistent with the E-S VRH transport mechanism. Notably, the nonsaturated quadratic large MR shows a magnitude up to 1740% at 13 T. These findings underscore the potential applications for monolayer WSe2 in cryogenic field-effect devices, magnetic sensors, and memory devices and mark a significant advance in magnetotransport research.

关键词： Monolayers

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Increasing risk of oppressive heatwaves over India in the future warming

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sudharsan, Naveen Singh, Jitendra Ghosh, Subimal Karmakar, Subhankar Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Centre for Urban Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India

The frequency of heatwave events has been increasing with climate change across the globe, causing devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Particularly, the co-occurrence of high temperature with high humidity has the potential of worse impacts on human health than extreme temperature alone. We use observations to examine the characteristics of extreme (high temperature and low humidity) and oppressive (high temperature and high humidity) heatwaves and their impacts on human mortality. We also use climate model simulations to understand the likelihood of heatwaves under varied warming conditions in future climates. We find an increasing trend in the number of days of extreme and oppressive heatwaves, with surprisingly a higher rate of increase in oppressive heatwaves. We also observe a higher correlation between oppressive heatwaves and historical heat-stress-related human deaths than extreme heatwaves, indicating more substantial impacts of oppressive heatwaves on the human population than extreme heatwaves. Further, our results show a five-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves under 1.5°warming in both mid (2035-2065) and end (2070- 2100) of the 21st century, relative to the historical period (1975 to 2005) whereas the number of extreme heatwave days remains relatively constant in mid and end of this century. Remarkably, 2°warming results in an eight-fold and almost two-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves by the end of the century relative to the historical period and 1.5°warming conditions. These results suggest that limiting the mean global warming to 1.5°can reduce the likelihood of oppressive and extreme heatwaves by 44% and 25% by the end of the century relative to the 2°warming world. Moreover, the remarkable increase in oppressive heatwave days highlights the elevated risk of heatwaves over densely populated countries and indicates an imminent need for adaptation measures. © 2025, CC BY.

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Purification of ytterbium using a cationic resin

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Results in Surfaces and Interfaces 2025年 19卷

作者： Moura, Pedro A.S. Grande, Carlos A. Laboratory of Intensification of Materials and Processes (IMAP) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

The growing demand for high quantities of Rare Earth Elements (REE) led to the need for novel processes for their recovery and purification. Adsorption is a promising technique for purifying REE as it eliminates the use of hazardous chemicals. This work evaluates the use of the commercial polymeric resin Dowex 50W-X8 for polishing a ytterbium (Yb) stream contaminated with other REE present when recycling neo-magnets. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms and breakthrough curves of different REE (Yb, La, Nd and Er) and binary mixtures were measured. The adsorption capacity at concentrations of 300 mg L⁻¹ ranges from 179 to 205 mg g⁻¹ following the order Er > Nd > Yb > La. The steepness of the isotherms follows a different order: Nd > Er > La > Yb, indicating that Yb will be the less adsorbed REE in a mixture. A mathematical model was fitted to single component data and was successfully used to predict the behavior of binary breakthrough curves. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption Breakthrough curves Diffusion Modelling Rare-earth elements

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Al–20Sn–1Cu self-lubricating alloy: Correlations between microstructure coarsening, mechanical, and application properties

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Journal of materials Research and Technology 2025年 36卷 7284-7303页

作者： Sarah De Albuquerque Vinicius Leme Andrade Rodrigo V. Reyes Guillaume Reinhart Danielle Cristina Camilo Magalhães Henri Nguyen-Thi José Eduardo Spinelli Aix Marseille Univ Université de Toulon CNRS IM2NP Marseille France Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of São Carlos 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil

This study investigated the microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength, and dry wear behavior of the cast Al–20Sn–1Cu alloy (wt. %), focusing on the relationship between β-Sn phase morphology and the results. The Al–Sn–Cu alloys have been shown to be promising for plain bearing applications due to their self-lubricating properties. However, those alloys exhibit peculiar behaviors contrary to the classical Archard equation, which relates hardness to wear resistance, or to the typical behavior of metallic alloys, where increasing strength generally leads to a reduction in ductility. This can be attributed to the morphology, fraction and distribution of the β-Sn phase, a component of low hardness and strength but essential for self-lubricating functionality. In this study, the Al–20Sn–1Cu alloy solidified under a wide range of cooling rates varying from 1.0 to 28.9 °C/s was investigated. Dendritic spacing was measured using an automated method proposed in this study. The results showed that more refined samples had better tensile properties but compromised wear behavior. When the microstructure was refined up to dendritic spacing of 15.7 μm, a good combination between strength and ductility was achieved: a tensile strength of 72 MPa and an elongation of 14 % were obtained. These results can be explained by the increased contact area between the α-Al and β-Sn phases, which favors a strain hardening mechanism. However, these samples have very small β-Sn particles, which are insufficient to form an effective lubricating layer, resulting in severe wear due to adhesion. Despite that, it achieved a lower wear coefficient compared to other self-lubricating alloys reported in the literature.

关键词： Al-alloys Self-lubricating alloys Solidification Microstructure Wear Mechanical properties

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Machine learning of microstructure–property relationships in materials with robust features from foundational vision transformers

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Whitman, Sheila E. Latypov, Marat I. Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Machine learning of microstructure–property relationships from data is an emerging approach in computational materials science. Most existing machine learning efforts focus on the development of task-specific models for each microstructure–property relationship. We propose utilizing pre-trained foundational vision transformers for the extraction of task-agnostic microstructure features and subsequent light-weight machine learning of a microstructure-dependent property. We demonstrate our approach with pre-trained state-of-the-art vision transformers (CLIP, DINOV2, SAM) in two case studies on machine-learning: (i) elastic modulus of two-phase microstructures based on simulations data;and (ii) Vicker’s hardness of Ni-base and Co-base superalloys based on experimental data published in literature. Our results show the potential of foundational vision transformers for robust microstructure representation and efficient machine learning of microstructure–property relationships without the need for expensive task-specific training or fine-tuning of bespoke deep learning models. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Periodic phase diagrams in micromagnetics with an eigenvalue solver

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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 2025年

作者： Ai, Fangzhou Lin, Zhuonan Duan, Jiawei Lomakin, Vitaliy University of California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San DiegoCA92093 United States University of California Center for Memory and Recording Research San DiegoCA92093 United States University of California Program in Materials Science and Engineering San Diego92093 United States

This work introduces an approach to compute periodic phase diagram of micromagnetic systems by solving a periodic linearized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation using an eigenvalue solver with the Finite Element Method formalism. The linear operator in the eigenvalue problem is defined as a function of the periodic phase-shift wave vector. The dispersion diagrams are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem for complex eigenfrequencies and corresponding eigenstates for a range of prescribed wave vectors. The presented approach incorporates a calculation of the periodic effective field, including the exchange and magnetostatic field components. The approach is general in that it allows 3D problems to be handled with any 1D, 2D, and 3D periodicities. The ability to calculate periodic diagrams provides insights into the spin wave propagation and localized resonances in complex micromagnetic structures. © 1965-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Spin waves

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