*** Fracture toughness is the ability of materials against both the initiation and propagation of cracks[1],which is a crucial mechanical property for safety-critical applications of structural *** the yield strength ...
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*** Fracture toughness is the ability of materials against both the initiation and propagation of cracks[1],which is a crucial mechanical property for safety-critical applications of structural *** the yield strength of ceramics is significantly higher than that of metallic materials,the fracture toughness is severely lower than that of metallic materials due to the strongly directional covalent bonding[1-3].For a long time,how to improve the fracture toughness of ceramics without the deterioration of strength(or hardness)has been one of the most challenging problems in materialsscience.
The commercial future of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) relies on their efficiency and reliability. Recent progress in the field has ensured the achievement of device efficiency comparable to those of commercial silicon...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665464260
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665475822
The commercial future of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) relies on their efficiency and reliability. Recent progress in the field has ensured the achievement of device efficiency comparable to those of commercial silicon-based photovoltaics (Si-PVs) [1]. In pursuit of reliable devices, recent works have demonstrated the intrinsic stability of both small-molecule, vacuum deposited [2] and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) – polymer-based devices [3] under controlled laboratory conditions. The final step for outdoor deployment is therefore a demonstration of the reliability of large area OPV modules in the field, subjected to fluctuating environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, rainfall, snow, and solar intensity. In this work, we develop a customized test facility intended for the study of the reliability of large area OPV modules deployed in outdoor environments. The facility is designed for automated in-situ measurements calibrated to 1 sun solar intensity, AM 1.5 G illumination. Initial data show the modules retain more than 95% of their initial performance for 150 h when exposed to varying solar intensities, temperature fluctuations of -2°C to 10°C, and relative humidity as high as 90%. The only significant extrinsic challenge to device stability observed was the ingress of water into the package. This is mitigated by improved packaging which utilizes polyisobutylene (PIB) encapsulation and a customized insulated glass unit (IGU).
Over the past two decades, significant progress in two-dimensional (2D) materials has invigorated research in condensed matter and material physics in low dimensions. While traditionally studied in three-dimensional s...
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All-dielectric metasurfaces can produce structural colors, but the most advantageous design criteria are still being investigated. This work numerically studies how the two-dimensional shape of nanoparticles affects t...
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A single-polarization hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) with an asymmetric cladding and double-layer nested elliptical tube is designed and analyzed. Along the X-axis, the outer elliptic tube with gradually var...
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A metal-free approach to the construction of novel spiro[quinazoline-thiophen]one framework via an acetic acid promoted formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition is developed. A library of functionalized spiro[quinazoline-thiophen...
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For the commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), it is more appealing to develop high-performance simplified PSCs where perovskite films are just sandwiched between the back and front electrodes, in order to...
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For the commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), it is more appealing to develop high-performance simplified PSCs where perovskite films are just sandwiched between the back and front electrodes, in order to simplify the fabrication process and to reduce the cost. However, to date, this kind of devices shows rather low performance, and there are few researches on this ***, we report on a kind of compact PSCs(CPSCs) that are free of independent charge transport layers(CTLs). The devices are realized by the use of organic monolayer-modified effective electrodes, along with the use of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM)-assisted anti-solvent technique to obtain ultra-thin(~10 nm) PCBM-embedded perovskite films. Compared to control devices, CPSCs achieve a promising champion power conversion efficiency of 19.6% with largely reduced hysteresis. Moreover, the unencapsulated CPSC shows good stability under ambient atmosphere, with only 10% efficiency loss after 60 days’ storage. This work indicates that, by delicate design, CPSCs with smaller materials consumption in device architecture can perform competitively as conventional PSCs. Further reduction in the actual usage of costly CTL materials can be expected upon our CPSCs by developing more facile and economic methods to prepare ultra-thin CTLs.
Accurate prediction of electronic and optical excitations in van der Waals (vdW) materials is a long-standing challenge for density functional theory. The recently proposed Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened r...
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Plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit a phenomenon called localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), making them suitable for several applications in nanotheranostics, bio-imaging and optoelectronic sensing. H...
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