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Tumor vasculature vs tumor cell targeting: Understanding the latest trends in using functional nanoparticles for cancer treatment

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OpenNano 2023年 11卷

作者： Awad, Nahid S Salkho, Najla M Abuwatfa, Waad H Paul, Vinod AlSawaftah, Nour M Husseini, Ghaleb A Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates

Delivering drugs to tumors using nanoparticles (NPs) has shown promising potential in promoting targeted drug delivery of antineoplastic agents to enhance their efficiency while reducing the associated systemic toxicity. This review highlights the different types of NPs and the physiological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the mechanisms undertaken to safely deliver drugs to specific lesions. We review the principles and latest developments in the field of targeted NPs designed to target tumor vasculature compared to those designed to target cancer cells and their correlation with the TME. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each targeted drug delivery mechanism and future directions aiming to maximize their potential. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Cancer treatment Cell targeting Nanoparticles Tumor Tumor vasculature

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Surface surgery on TiNb2O7 electrode via N2/Air atmospheric pressure plasma jet for high-rate lithium-ion battery anode

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Applied Surface science 2024年 655卷

作者： Wu, Che-Ya Hsiao, Shih-Nan Kuo, Rui-Tung Chen, Yu-Ching Lin, Tzu-Ying Hori, Masaru Duh, Jenq-Gong Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan Nagoya University Furo-cho Aichi Chikusa Nagoya464–8603 Japan Program in Prospective Functional Materials Industry National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan

TiNb2O7 (TNO) is regarded as a potential anode material for its high capacity compared to Li4Ti5O12 and high safety due to its adequate Fermi level in lithium-ion batteries. This work represents a promising method of modifying the electrode, which includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), conductive carbon, and TiNb2O7, using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPj) treatment. Our results reveal that atmospheric pressure plasma jet improves the electrochemical performance by N-doped decoration on conductive carbon, electrolyte wettability enhancement on polyvinylidene fluoride binder, and defects manufacturing in TiNb2O7 anode materials. Good wettability of surface free energy to 44.6 mJ/m2 in the APPj-treated (APP-10) sample contributes to improved cycling performance. Both N-doped carbon and modified TiNb2O7 promote the high-rate capability. The C-rate performance of APP-10 improves by over 200 % at 10C compared to the non-treated sample (APP-0). APP-10 sample also shows 81.9 % retention after 300 cycles at 1C. The formation of Li3N or LiNxOy after cycling due to the nitro-group in the electrode with atmospheric pressure plasma jet offers good protection and high ionic-conductivity interface. This work demonstrates a potential solution to achieve a roll-to-roll modification without any complex synthesis processes, which is a promising technology for the affordable manufacturing of lithium-ion battery. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Wetting

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Deciphering Electron-Shuttling Characteristics of Mandarin Orange Pu-Erh Tea Extracts for Bioenergy Extractive and Neuroprotective Potentials Via Microbial Fuel Cells and Molecular Docking with Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ganzon, Mike Anthony D. Tsai, Po-Wei Tayo, Lemmuel L. Hsueh, Chung-Chuan Yang, Yi-Syuan Chen, Bor-Yann School of Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences Mapúa University Manila1002 Philippines School of Graduate Studies Mapúa University Manila1002 Philippines Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202 Taiwan Department of Biology School of Medicine and Health Sciences Mapúa University Makati1200 Philippines Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National I-Lan University I-Lan260 Taiwan Department of Medical Science Industries College of Health Sciences Chang Jung Christian University Tainan711 Taiwan

As prior study revealed, electron shuttles (ESs) in tea extract owned both bioenergy-stimulating and virus-resistance capabilities for bioenergy-steered disease treatment. Camellia green tea extract could even help attenuate diabetes related nerve damage. Major compositions in the tea extract (e.g., EGCG) could protect central nervous system. This study chose mandarin orange pu-erh tea (CRPR) for feasibility study of neuropathy treatment. Phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of water and ethanol extracts of CRPR (CRPR-W and CRPR-E) were assessed. Cyclic voltammetry and microbial fuel cells were adopted as platforms to evaluate bioenergy-stimulating characteristics of extracts. Lastly, molecular docking with tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor was employed to investigate possible neuroprotective capability of selected CRPR ESs. As a result, bio-electrochemical analysis indicated that CRPR-E is more feasible for acquiring bioenergy-stimulating and antioxidative phytochemicals than CRPR-W. From in silico study, flavonoid ESs of CRPR (e.g., quercetin, luteolin, and taxifolin) generally have favorable binding affinities with TrkB, with quercetin being the most promising at its active site. Furthermore, other CRPR’s ESs (e.g., luteolin and ellagic acid) are likely promising allosteric modulators of TrkB. Thus, ESs of CRPR potentiates its bioenergy extractive and neuroprotective potentials, and its ethanol extract is likely candidate to own these potentials. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ethanol

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Heat Transfer Coefficients of Moving Particle Beds from Flow-Dependent Particle Bed Thermal Conductivity and Near-Wall Resistance

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Adapa, Sarath R. Zhang, Xintong Feng, Tianshi Zeng, Jian Chung, Ka Man Albrecht, Kevin J. Ho, Clifford K. Madden, Dimitri A. Chen, Renkun Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Concentrating Solar Technologies Department Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE AlbuquerqueNM87123 United States

Accurate determination of heat transfer coefficients for flowing packed particle beds is essential to the design of particle heat exchangers, and other thermal and thermochemical processes. While such dense granular flows mostly fall into the well-known plug-flow regime, the discrete nature of granular materials alters the thermal transport processes in both the near-wall and bulk regions of flowing particle beds from their stationary counterparts. As a result, heat transfer correlations based on the stationary particle bed thermal conductivity could be inadequate for flowing particles in a heat exchanger. Most earlier works have achieved a reasonable agreement with experiments by treating granular heat transfer media as a plug-flow continuum with a near-wall thermal resistance in series. However, the thermophysical properties of the continuum were often obtained from measurements on stationary beds owing to the difficulty of flowing bed measurements. In this work, it was found that the properties of a stationary bed are highly sensitive to the method of particle packing and there is a decrease in the particle bed thermal conductivity and increase in the near-wall thermal resistance, measured as an effective air gap thickness, on the onset of particle flow. These variations in the thermophysical properties of stationary and flowing particle beds can lead to errors in heat transfer coefficient calculations. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficients for granular flows were calculated using experimentally determined flowing particle bed thermal conductivity and near-wall air gap for ceramic particles - CARBO CP 40/100 (mean diameter=275 µm), HSP 40/70 (404 µm) and HSP 16/30 (956 µm);at velocities of 5-15 mm·s-1;and temperatures of 300-650 ºC. The thermal conductivity and air gap values for CP 40/100 and HSP 40/70 were further used to calculate heat transfer coefficients across different particle bed temperatures and velocities for different parallel-plate heat exchange

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Design and fabrication of a metalens with a hexagonal array of intersecting-wall meta-atoms for operation in the near-infrared 5

Design and fabrication of a metalens with a hexagonal array ...

引用

5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Horton, Chad L. Kuebler, Stephen M. Martinez, Manuel Bustamante, Edgar Rumpf, Raymond C. Touma, Jimmy University of Central Florida Chemistry Department OrlandoFL32816 United States Creol The College of Optics and Photonics Chemistry Department University of Central Florida Department of Materials Science and Engineering OrlandoFL32816 United States University of Texas at El Paso Em Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering El PasoTX79968 United States University of Texas at El Paso Em Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Computational Science Program El PasoTX79968 United States AFRL/Munitions Directorate Integrated Sensing and Processing Branch Eglin AFB FL32542 United States

A metalens with a hexagonal array of intersecting-wall meta-atoms was designed for operation at a wavelength of 1.550 μm with a new meta-optics design tool (MODT) and fabricated in the photopolymer IP-Dip by multi-ph... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

关键词： Photons

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Key Parameters in Determining the Reactivity of Lithium Metal Battery

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lu, Bingyu Cheng, Diyi Sreenarayanan, Bhagath Li, Weikang Bhamwala, Bhargav Bao, Wurigumula Meng, Ying Shirley Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

Lithium (Li) metal anodes are essential for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Numerous concerns on the potential safety hazards of the Li metal have been brought up before its massive application in commercialized battery packs. However, few investigations have been performed to systematically evaluate the reactivity of Li metal anode in full cell level. Here, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to quantitatively investigate the Li metal reactivity. Lithiated graphite (Li-Gr) and lithiated silicon (Li-Si) are also studied as the comparison samples. The reactivity of the plated Li when coupled with different electrolyte composition, morphology, and atmosphere is systematically studied. More importantly, the reactivity of Li metal full cell with different cathode materials (NMC622, LFP and LNMO) has been compared. It was found that all cell components, including electrolyte composition, Li morphology, the control of inactive Li accumulation and cathode stability, are essential in controlling the reactivity of the plated Li. After optimizing these conditions, the Li metal full cell shows no significant thermal reaction up to 400°C. This work identifies the key parameters in controlling the reactivity of the plated Li and may facilitate lithium metal battery design and manufacturing in the coming future. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Differential scanning calorimetry

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Foliar ẟ¹⁵N patterns in legumes and non-N fixers across a climate gradient, Hawaiʻi Island, USA

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Oecologia 2022年第1期198卷 229-242页

作者： Burnett, Michael W. Bobbett, Ariel E. Brendel, Corinna E. Marshall, Kehaulani von Sperber, Christian Paulus, Elizabeth L. Vitousek, Peter M. Earth Systems Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Ulu Mau Puanui Kamuela HI United States Department of Geography McGill University Montreal QC Canada Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA United States The Nature Conservancy Kamuela HI United States

Recent studies from the Hawaiian Islands showed that pedogenic thresholds demarcate domains in which rock-derived nutrient dynamics remain similar across wide variations in rainfall. These thresholds appear related to certain aspects of N cycling, but the degree to which they correspond to patterns of biological N fixation (BNF)—the dominant input of N into less-managed ecosystems—remains unclear. We measured aboveground plant biomass, foliar nutrient concentrations, and foliar δ¹⁵N along a climate gradient on ~ 150,000-year-old basaltic substrate to characterize foliar N sources and spatially relate them to soil nutrients. Patterns in legume δ¹⁵N correspond to known pedogenic thresholds along the rainfall gradient, with low δ¹⁵N values (~ 0 to − 2‰) occurring in the dry, biologically inactive domain and the wet, highly weathered domain. Elevated δ¹⁵N in the middle, fertile domain suggests a greater reliance of legumes on soil N where it has accumulated over time. Non-legume face N deficiencies throughout most of the gradient while legumes maintain low C:N ratios via symbiotic BNF. However, legume abundance declines outside the fertile domain, limiting ecosystem N inputs. Breakpoints in legume δ¹⁵N data suggest that P (and potentially other nutrients) limits BNF and, by extension, legume abundance in wet region. Nutrients may also constrain legume abundance in the dry domain, but pedogenic effects could not be isolated from climatic constraints at the dry sites. We conclude that pedogenic thresholds defined by climate can be informative of foliar δ¹⁵N patterns in cases where legumes are not directly constrained by climate, land use, or other external factors. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Climate gradient N cycling Ndfa Stable isotopes Weathering

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Alternating Cu Segregation and its Stabilization Mechanism for Coherent Η' Precipitates in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chiu, Yu-Ning Chung, Tsai-Fu Yen, Shao-Yu Yu, Chung-Yi Lin, Wei-Ting Hsieh, Chia-Chia Lin, Shih-Kang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Aluminum Prod R&D Section New Materials R&D Department Kaohsiung81233 Taiwan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

The 7000 series (Al-Zn-Mg) Al-alloys are renowned for their exceptional "lightweight-high strength" properties, primarily owing to nano-sized meta-stable η' precipitate as the main strengthening phase. However, these η' precipitates are susceptible to transforming into the stable η2 phase at elevated temperatures, resulting in a decline in strength. To mitigate this, Cu-segregation has been proposed as a promising method for stabilizing these meta-stable precipitates. In this study, we conducted a thorough investigation on the structural and energetic changes between Cu-free and Cu-segregated η' and η2 precipitates. Utilizing DFT calculations and HAADF-STEM characterizations, we proposed a unique alternating Cu-segregation pattern. This pattern induces significant structural modifications within the bulk of η' precipitates and at the precipitate-matrix interface, markedly enhancing their interfacial and bulk energetics. We believe these modifications are the key factor in improving precipitate stability. Based on our findings, the underlying mechanism of solute segregation was elucidated and a novel strategy for optimal design of Al-Zn-Mg alloys was proposed. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc alloys

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Mass transfer study of phenolic compound liquid-liquid extraction process from bio-oil of coffee shell pyrolysis product

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materials Today: Proceedings 2023年

作者： Fardhyanti, Dewi Selvia Kadarwati, Sri Hadiyanto Fatriasari, Widya Prasetiawan, Haniif Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang Kampus Sekaran Gunungpati 50229 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Semarang 50229 Indonesia Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Graduate Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Jl. Imam Bardjo SH Semarang Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia

Coffee shells are one of the potential renewable materials used in the pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil. However, the amount of phenolic compounds, which is roughly 36.74%, is one of the primary drawbacks of using coffee shell bio-oil as a fuel source. Only a little amount of research has been done on the mass transfer modeling and phenomena of phenol extraction from coffee shell bio-oil. The objectives of this study are to identify the best extraction circumstances, ascertain the empirical correlation of total mass transfer, and produce the empirical correlation of Sherwood number, which can be used to characterize the role of variables in this mass transfer process. The ratio of impeller diameter to tank diameter and the Sherwood number, as well as Reynolds, Schmidt, Weber, dispersed phase holdup, were studied as dimensionless numbers. This study used liquid-liquid extraction process at the temperature of 50 °C, with chloroform-methanol 80% as a solvent with ratio of 2:1 v/v and use bio-oil to solvent ratio of 1:1 v/v. The extraction time has an interval of 30 min (20, 50, 80, 110 min), with varied impeller diameter (3.5 cm and 4 cm), vessels diameter (9 cm and 10 cm) and mixing speed (250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm). According to the findings, the greatest phenol yield was obtained at impeller diameter 3.5 cm, tank diameter 9 cm, and mixing speed 300 rpm, with a distribution coefficient of 0.848. The results demonstrate that the maximum overall mass transfer coefficient is 4.096 × 10-4 m/s and that the liquid diffusivity is 1.7965 × 10-9 m2/s. The equation model from this study could be applied to a liquid-liquid extraction process that is scaled up to extract more phenolic compounds from the the produced bio-oil. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mass transfer

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Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inputs affect the nitrous oxide emission revealed by FT-ICR MS

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science of the Total Environment 2024年 957卷 177765页

作者： Wang, Zezheng Li, Lu Liao, Chengchao Deng, Min Jiang, Xiaoyan Huang, Yongxia Xia, Zhiwei Song, Kang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan430072 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei230601 China

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from lake systems could be affected via intrusion of terrestrial organic matter, causing impairment in biogeochemical cycling. The sources and mechanisms by which DOM (Dissolved organic matter) alters emissions of N2O are poorly understood. Here, we simulate different terrestrial DOM (anthropogenic sources, natural sources, and surface runoff) to assess the mechanisms affecting N2O emissions with variations of DOM. We used a combination of absorption spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize DOM comprehensively. For the characterization of DOM, a combination of absorption spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used. Microbial analysis was conducted to identify the potential microbial mechanisms. Different terrestrial DOM inputs primarily impact N2O emissions through the denitrification process (14.52 %, p K+S (10.13 %, p 2O emissions, while in aquatic systems, the labile components (proteins, sugars, and lipids-like) were preferentially metabolized, producing reluctant derivatives. The biodegradable components (i.e., protein-like) from anthropogenic sources rapidly facilitate N2O production. Natural and surface runoff sources were the significant drivers for the continuous release and metabolism of DOM. N2O Loss emissions are negatively influenced by the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism by nitrifiers and denitrifies in the sediment (p 2O flux (p 2O emissions were mainly influenced by bioavailability of inputs: DOM and varying terrestrial conditions. The results provide a theoretical base for the management of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Fluorescence

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