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Design and analysis of novel biomass stove

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materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 46卷 4054-4058页

作者： V.S. Shaisundaram M. Chandrasekaran S. Sujith K.J. Praveen Kumar Mohanraj Shanmugam Department of Automobile Engineering Vels Institute of Science and Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Chennai India Department of Mechanical Engineering Vels Institute of Science and Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Chennai India Engineering and Industrial Services Tata Consultancy Services Chennai India Department of Materials Engineering and Nanotechnology Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy

In this paper, discussing in detail on how the thermal efficiency of the cooking stove fuelled by firewood can be increased to achieve maximum efficiency. For this purpose, a biomass stove is fabricated and tested domestically for regular household chores. Unlike regular biomass stoves, a number of design optimizations were made while fabrication to achieve the end goal. Biomass energizes are still being used by large number of populations in remote areas around the globe where the access to LPG gas stoves is limited because of location proximity and economy. Its simplistic design makes it unsuitable to perform any controlled test because they are known to display lots of variability in their performance. So, the other objective of this paper is to comprehend and characterize range of process involved inside the biomass stove and put forth a thorough analysis on all the variables to better configure for future use.

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Influence of Ce3+ doping on the algal inhibiting properties of copper/sepiolite nanofibers

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Environment Protection engineering 2021年第4期43卷 253-263页

作者： Zhang, C.C. Duan, X. Ding, Y. Srinivasakannan, C. Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300130 China Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information Hebei University of Technology Ministry of Education Tianjin300130 China Chemical Engineering Program The Petroleum Institute P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Algal inhibiting materials were synthesized by the co-impregnation method. Cerium was taken as an algal inhibiting agent with copper/sepiolite utilized as the carrier. The algal growth inhibition was assessed based on the form of presence and distribution of Cu2+and Ce3+ ions on the surface of sepiolite using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM analysis. The results indicate that at 5 wt. % Cu content, 0.8 wt. % Ce and after heat treatment at 400 °C, the materials exhibit the best algal inhibiting capacity of 83.11%. © 2017 Technical University of Wroclaw. All rights reserved.

关键词： Copper

Enhancing Zinc Electrode Stability Through Pre-Desolvation and Accelerated Charge Transfer Via a Polyimide Interface

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Lai, Chi-Yu Liao, Yin-Song Ku, Hao-Yu Jao, Wen-Yang Gull, Sanna Chen, Han-Yi Chou, Jyh-Pin Hu, Chi-Chang Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Tsing Hua Interdisciplinary Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Physics National Changhua University of Education Changhua50074 Taiwan

Aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices possess superior safety, cost-effectiveness, and high energy density;however, dendritic growth and side reactions on the zinc electrode curtail their widespread applications. In this study, we mitigate these issues by introducing a polyimide (PI) nanofabric interfacial layer onto the zinc substrate. Simulations reveal that the PI nanofabric promotes a pre-desolvation process, effectively desolvating hydrated zinc ions from Zn(H2O)62+ to Zn(H2O)42+ before approaching zinc surface. The exposed zinc ion in Zn(H2O)42+ provides an accelerated charge transfer process and reduces the activation energy for zinc deposition from 40 to 21 kJ mol−1. The PI nanofabric also acts as a protective barrier, reducing water molecule interactions and side reactions at the electrode. The PI-Zn symmetric cell exhibits remarkable cycling stability over 1200 h, maintaining a dendrite-free morphology and minimal byproduct formation. Moreover, the cell exhibits high stability and low voltage hysteresis even under high current densities (20 mA cm−2, 10 mAh cm−2) thanks to the three-dimensional porous structure of PI nanofabric. When integrated into full cells, the PI-Zn||AC hybrid zinc-ion capacitor and PI-Zn||MnVOH@SWCNT zinc-ion battery achieve impressive lifespans of 15000 and 600 cycles with outstanding capacitance retention. This approach paves a novel avenue for high-performance zinc metal electrodes. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge transfer

Fucoxanthin induces human melanoma cytotoxicity by thwarting the JAK2/STAT3/BCL-xL signaling axis

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Environmental Toxicology 2024年第6期39卷 3356-3366页

作者： Kuo, Min-Yung Dai, Wen-Chyi Chang, Jie-Li Chang, Jo-Shu Lee, Tse-Min Chang, Chia-Che Pediatric Surgery Division Department of Surgery Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan Doctoral Program in Biotechnology Industrial Innovation and Management National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Taichung Municipal Taichung First Senior High School Taichung Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences Master Program in Precision Health Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Melanoma is the most lethal skin malignancy. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid with significant anticancer activities. Intriguingly, Fucoxanthin's impact on human melanoma remains elusive. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) represents a promising target in cancer therapy due to its persistent activation in various cancers, including melanoma. Herein, we revealed that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic to human melanoma cell lines A2758 and A375 while showing limited cytotoxicity to normal human melanocytes. Apoptosis is a primary reason for Fucoxanthin's melanoma cytotoxicity, as the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk drastically abrogated Fucoxanthin-elicited clonogenicity blockage. Besides, Fucoxanthin downregulated tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3 (Y705)), either inherently present in melanoma cells or inducible by interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulation. Notably, ectopic expression of STAT3-C, a dominant-active STAT3 mutant, abolished Fucoxanthin-elicited melanoma cell apoptosis and clonogenicity inhibition, supporting the pivotal role of STAT3 blockage in Fucoxanthin's melanoma cytotoxicity. Moreover, Fucoxanthin lowered BCL-xL levels by blocking STAT3 activation, while ectopic BCL-xL expression rescued melanoma cells from Fucoxanthin-induced killing. Lastly, Fucoxanthin was found to diminish the levels of JAK2 with dual phosphorylation at tyrosine residues 1007 and 1008 in melanoma cells, suggesting that Fucoxanthin impairs STAT3 signaling by blocking JAK2 activation. Collectively, we present the first evidence that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic selectively against human melanoma cells while sparing normal melanocytes. Mechanistically, Fucoxanthin targets the JAK2/STAT3/BCL-xL antiapoptotic axis to provoke melanoma cell death. This discovery implicates the potential application of Fucoxanthin as a chemopreventive or therapeutic strategy for melanoma management. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Carotenoids

The Hierarchical Potential Energy Landscape of Screw Dislocation Motion in Refractory High-entropy Alloys

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Xinyi Maresca, Francesco Cao, Penghui Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Materials and Manufacturing Technology Program University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen 9747 AG Netherlands

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with concentrated solid solutions are conceived to possess a rugged atomic and energy landscape in which dislocation motion necessarily proceeds to accommodate mechanical deformation. Fundamental questions remain as to how rough the energy landscape is and to what extent it can be influenced by the local ordering of their constituent elements. Here, we construct and report the potential energy landscape (PEL) governing screw dislocation motion in refractory HEAs that reveals a hierarchical and multilevel structure with a collection of small basins nested in large metabasin. This striking feature pertaining to HEAs exerts a trapping force and back stress on saddle point activations, retarding dislocation movement. By introducing chemical short-range order, the energy landscape is smoothed but skewed to different degrees that shifts the rate-liming process from kink-glide to kink-pair nucleation. The chemical disorder-roughened PEL in HEAs, analogous to structural disorder induced in metallic glasses, signifies the role of various barrier-hopping processes underlying the extraordinary mechanical behaviors of the two distinct groups of materials. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

Machine Learning Automated Approach for Enormous Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Data Interpretation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhao, Xiaodong Luo, YiXuan Liu, Juejing Liu, Wenjun Rosso, Kevin M. Guo, Xiaofeng Geng, Tong Li, Ang Zhang, Xin Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99354 United States Department of Chemistry Washington State University Pullman99164 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester New York14627 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Washington State University Pullman99164 United States

Manual analysis of XRD data is usually laborious and time consuming. The deep neural network (DNN) based models trained by synthetic XRD patterns are proved to be an automatic, accurate, and high throughput method to analysis common XRD data collected from solid sample in ambient environment. However, it remains unknown that whether synthetic XRD based models are capable to solve µ-XRD mapping data for in-situ experiments involving liquid phase exhibiting lower quality with significant artifacts. In this study, we collected µ-XRD mapping data from an LaCl3-calcite hydrothermal fluid system and trained two categories of models to solve the experimental XRD patterns. The models trained by synthetic XRD patterns show low accuracy (as low as 64%) when solving experimental µ-XRD mapping data. The accuracy of the DNN models was significantly improved (90% or above) when training them with the dataset containing both synthetic and small number of labeled experimental µ-XRD patterns. This study highlighted the importance of labeled experimental patterns on the training of DNN models to solve µ-XRD mapping data from in-situ experiments involving liquid phase. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

Suppressing Chemical Corrosions of Lithium Metal Anodes

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lu, Bingyu Li, Weikang Cheng, Diyi Ceja, Miguel Bao, Wurigumula Fang, Chengcheng Meng, Ying Shirley Department of NanoEngineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

The lithium (Li) metal anode is essential for next generation high energy density rechargeable Li metal batteries. Although extensive studies have been performed to prolong the cycle life of Li metal batteries, the calendar life, which associates with chemical corrosion of Li metal in liquid electrolytes, has not been quantitatively understood. Here, by combing the Titration Gas Chromatography (TGC) method and Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam (Cryo-FIB), we established a quantitative relationship between the chemical corrosion rate and electrochemically deposited Li morphology in various liquid electrolyte systems. We identified that the corrosion rate is dominated by the porosity of the deposited Li. The larger the porosity of deposited Li has, the faster the corrosion rate will be. We further proposed strategies to mitigate the chemical corrosion on Li thus to extend the calendar life of Li metal batteries. By strictly controlling the stacking pressure during Li plating, Li deposits with ultra-low porosity can be achieved, suppressing the corrosion rate to 0.08 ± 0.16%/day compared with 1.71 ± 0.19%/day of the high-porosity Li. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrolytes

Machine-learned molecular surface and its application to implicit solvent simulations

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wei, Haixin Zhao, Zekai Luo, Ray Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in Chemical and Materials Physics University of California IrvineCA92697 United States

Implicit solvent models, such as Poisson-Boltzmann models, play important roles in computational studies of biomolecules. A vital step in almost all implicit solvent models is to determine the solvent-solute interface, and the solvent excluded surface (SES) is the most widely used interface definition in these models. However, classical algorithms used for computing SES are geometry-based, thus neither suitable for parallel implementations nor convenient for obtaining surface derivatives. To address the limitations, we explored a machine learning strategy to obtain a level-set formulation for the SES. The training process was conducted in three steps, eventually leading to a model with over 95% agreement with the classical SES. Visualization of tested molecular surfaces shows that the machine-learned SES overlaps with the classical SES on almost all situations. We also implemented the machine-learned SES into the Amber/PBSA program to study its performance on reaction field energy calculation. The analysis shows that the two sets of reaction field energies are highly consistent with 1% deviation on average. Given its level-set formulation, we expect the machine-learned SES to be applied in molecular simulations that require either surface derivatives or high efficiency on parallel computing platforms. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Solvents

Anomalous Second Harmonic Generation from Atomically Thin MnBi2Te4

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fonseca, Jordan Diederich, Geoffrey M. Ovchinnikov, Dmitry Cai, Jiaqi Wang, Chong Yan, Jiaqiang Xiao, Di Xu, Xiaodong Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

MnBi2Te4 is a van der Waals topological insulator with intrinsic intralayer ferromagnetic exchange and A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer coupling. Theoretically, it belongs to a class of structurally centrosymmetric crystals whose layered antiferromagnetic order breaks inversion symmetry for even layer numbers, making optical second harmonic generation (SHG) an ideal probe of the coupling between the crystal and magnetic structures. Here, we perform magnetic field and temperature dependent SHG measurements on MnBi2Te4 flakes ranging from bulk to monolayer thickness. We find that the dominant SHG signal from MnBi2Te4 is unexpectedly unrelated to both magnetic state and layer number. We suggest that surface SHG is the likely source of the observed strong SHG, whose symmetry matches that of the MnBi2Te4-vacuum interface. Our results highlight the importance of considering the surface contribution to inversion symmetry-breaking in van der Waals centrosymmetric magnets. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic generation