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Defect-driven relaxation of nanostructured Cu examined by in situ heating high-energy synchrotron X-ray microbeam diffraction

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1028卷

作者： Lee, Isshu Bhatta, Laxman Xu, Donghua Blankenburg, Malte Lienert, Ulrich Liss, Klaus-Dieter Kawasaki, Megumi Materials Science Program Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States School of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Hamburg22607 Germany University of Tennessee Oak Ridge Innovation Institute KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

Bulk nanostructured metals introduced by severe plastic deformation contain an excess of lattice defects. A nanostructured copper (Cu) processed by a high-pressure torsion technique was examined during in situ heating to investigate microstructural relaxation and quantify the evolution of microstructural parameters using high-energy synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction. While general microstructural relaxations, such as recovery, recrystallization, and subsequent grain growth, were observed, the key microstructural parameters, including grain size, microstrain, dislocation density, and thermal expansion coefficient, and their changes at critical temperatures were uniquely described and quantified through diffraction data. Based on this analysis, the stored energies driving thermally activated microstructural changes were estimated for individual defect types — grain boundaries, dislocations, and vacancies — that are expected to significantly influence the relaxation behavior of nanostructured Cu. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of diffraction characterization techniques for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the thermal stability of bulk nanostructured materials. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Dislocations (crystals)

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Photodriven Aquatic Locomotion in Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Composites with Tunable Wettability

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Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2025年 e202505300页

作者： Das, Avijit McCracken, Joselle M. Saeed, Mohsin Hassan Nepal, Dhriti White, Timothy J. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 596 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States Air Force Research Laboratory Composite Materials Branch 2941 Hobson Way Wright-Patterson AFB OH4543–7750 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder 596 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States

Photodriven liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) composites with thiol-functionalized Ti₃C₂Tx MXene nanosheets are introduced as a versatile material system for achieving controlled aquatic locomotion. By incorporating superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic coatings, these composites demonstrate distinct modalities at the air–water interface and underwater. The stimuli-responsive behavior of the LCE nanocomposites is enhanced through the homogeneous dispersion of MXene platelets within the LCE matrix, facilitated by thiol-functionalization. Superhydrophobic coatings increase buoyancy and reduce drag, enabling locomotion akin to water striders at the air–water interface. Conversely, superhydrophilic coatings submerse the composites to allow photomechanical actuation to drive underwater locomotion against gravity. By combining tunable wettability with robust photothermal performance, these MXene-LCE composites open new opportunities for designing and integrating stimuli-responsive materials in aquatic actuation systems. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Composite coatings

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Damper-B-PINN: Damper Characteristics-Based Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Network for Vehicle State Estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zeng, Tianyi Wang, Tianyi Jiao, Junfeng Chen, Xinbo School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT United States School of Architecture University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States School of Automotive Studies Tongji University Shanghai China

State estimation for Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems with noise, such as vehicle chassis systems, presents a significant challenge due to the imperfect and complex relationship between inputs and outputs. To solve this problem, we design a Damper characteristics-based Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Network (Damper-B-PINN). First, we introduce a neuron forward process inspired by the mechanical properties of dampers, which limits abrupt jumps in neuron values between epochs while maintaining search capability. Additionally, we apply an optimized Bayesian dropout layer to the MIMO system to enhance robustness against noise and prevent non-convergence issues. Physical information is incorporated into the loss function to serve as a physical prior for the neural network. The effectiveness of our Damper-B-PINN architecture is then validated across ten datasets and fourteen vehicle types, demonstrating superior accuracy, computational efficiency, and convergence in vehicle state estimation (i.e., dynamic wheel load) compared to other state-of-the-art benchmarks. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Thermo-economic and environmental evaluation of thin film evaporation using novel metal-organic frameworks to enhance solar desalination performance

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Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2025年 199卷

作者： Sharshir, Swellam W. Abdo, Mohamed R. Yusuf, Kareem El-Naggar, Ahmed A. Joseph, Abanob Ismail, M. Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi El-Samadony, M.O.A. Abdelfatah, Mahmoud El-Shaer, Abdelhamid Yuan, Zhanhui College of Materials Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics Faculty of Engineering University of Kafrelsheikh Kafrelsheikh Egypt Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Nano Science and Technology Program Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Suez University SuezP.O. Box 43221 Egypt Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology Department Faculty of Technology and Education Helwan University CairoP.O. Box 11282 Egypt Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Tanta City Egypt

The growing shortage of freshwater resources has spurred the development of innovative and sustainable desalination technologies. This study presents a thermo-economic analysis of an innovative hemispherical solar still (HSS) enhanced with a novel Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), specifically Iron-Aluminum Benzene Tricarboxylate. The MOF was characterized through structural, morphological, and optical investigations and integrated into the HSS using two enhancement methods: (I) as a nanofluid (MOF-NF) at a 1 wt% concentration in the feedwater, and (II) as a heat localization material (MOF-HL) by dispersing it on a black cotton wick that spans the basin surface. An external condenser (EC) was added to further enhance condensation in a subsequent configuration. Three identical HSS systems were used for comparative performance evaluation: a baseline unit (CHSS) and two modified systems, one with a condenser and one without. The results indicated that both MOF-based approaches significantly improved the thermal performance and freshwater yield of the HSS. Notably, the MOF-HL configuration outperformed the MOF-NF configuration across all performance metrics. The configuration designated as MOF-HL-EC achieved the highest rate of freshwater production, with a 96.16 % increase in distillate productivity compared to the CHSS. Additionally, this configuration exhibited exergy and energy efficiencies of 3.18 % and 61.1 %, respectively—improvements of 80.85 % and 95.72 % over the traditional system. Economically, the MOF-HL-EC configuration reduced the production cost of distilled water to 0.0115$ per liter, marking a reduction of 25.29 %. © 2025 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Iron analysis

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Polarization-Tunable Colorimetric Metasurfaces for All-Optical and Non-Destructive Structural Characterization of Polymeric Nanofibers

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Kirya, Paula Hochberg, Justin D. Kim, Han Sol Haddadin, Zaid Bordy, Samantha Byun, Jiuk Pokorski, Jonathan K. Poulikakos, Lisa V. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering UC San Diego La Jolla CA United States Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering UC San Diego La Jolla CA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego La Jolla CA United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering UC San Diego La Jolla CA United States

Metasurfaces have pioneered significant improvements in sensing technology by tailoring strong optical responses to weak signals. When designed with anisotropic subwavelength geometries, metasurfaces can tune responses to varying polarization states of light. Leveraging this to quantify structural alignment in fibrous materials unveils an alternative to destructive characterization methods. This work introduces metasurface-enhanced polarized light microscopy (Meta-PoL), which employs polarization-tunable, guided-mode-resonant colorimetric metasurfaces to characterize molecular and bulk alignment of poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers in a far-field configuration. PCL nanofibers drawn at 0%, 400%, and 900% ratios were interfaced with the studied metasurfaces. Metasurface resonances coinciding with the intrinsic drawn nanofiber resonances – confirmed by Stokes Polarimetry – produced the strongest colorimetric enhancement, resultant from alignment-specific nanofiber reflectivity. The enhancement degree corresponded with molecular and bulk alignments for each draw ratio, as measured through differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Thus, Meta-PoL presents an all-optical, non-destructive, and quantitative measurement of nanofiber alignment. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Differential scanning calorimetry

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SF6 Plasma Surface Modification of Flax Fibers for Improved Adhesion in Polypropylene Composites

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Fibers and Polymers 2025年第6期26卷 2569-2579页

作者： Veiga, Anderson Thiago Vasconcelos da Silva, Yuri Ferreira Cavalcante, Rafael Cordeiro Simão, Renata Antoun Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Av. Horácio Macedo 2030 F-213 RJ Rio de Janeiro21941-599 Brazil Department of Wood Science Faculty of Forestry The University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Université Paris-Saclay SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 3 Rue Des Rouges Terres Pomacle51110 France Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Theodor-Körner-Allee 6 Saxony Zittau02763 Germany

Flax fibers have attracted growing interest in the automotive industry as an eco-friendly reinforcement for polymer composites. However, their limited interfacial compatibility with hydrophobic matrices is detrimental to adhesion, a key factor in the composite mechanical behavior. To address this issue, this study investigates the surface modification of flax fibers using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) plasma. The proposed treatment promotes fiber surface hydrophobization while preserving their bulk properties. The effect of SF6 plasma treatments on flax fiber adhesion to polypropylene (PP) blends containing post-consumer material is thoroughly examined. The analysis, conducted using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, reveals that the plasma treatment induces the etching of amorphous substances present in the fibers, including amorphous cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Plasma etching in combination with fluorination significantly enhances the adhesion of flax fibers to the PP blend matrix. Notably, the treated fibers exhibit improvements in tensile strength (9%) and elastic modulus (25%) compared to untreated fibers. These findings highlight the potential of SF6 plasmas as an effective pretreatment method for natural fiber composite reinforcements. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society 2025.

关键词： Sulfur hexafluoride

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The effect of calcium and barium fluoride on CeF3 doped in gadolinium phosphate scintillating glass

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Sarumaha, C.S. Kantuptim, P. Yanagida, T. Intachai, N. Kothan, S. Kim, H.J. Busayaporn, W. Pakawanit, P. Phoovasawat, C. Kaewnuam, E. Kaewkhao, J. Faculty of Science and Technology Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University Ratchaburi 70150 Thailand Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok10900 Thailand Division of Materials Science of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma Nara630-0192 Japan Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging Department of Radiologic Technology Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200 Thailand Department of Physics Kyungpook National University Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Synchrotron Research and Applications Division Synchrotron Light Research Institute 111 University Avenue Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima30000 Thailand Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand

This study concerns alkaline fluorides such as CaF2 and BaF2 contained in gadolinium phosphate glass doped with CeF3, which were synthesized using a melt-quenching technique. Ce3+ was activated in both glasses and a comparative study of their optical, luminescence and scintillation behaviors was conducted. The results found that the higher atomic weight of BaF2 glass makes higher density compared with CaF2 glass, resulting in more integral scintillation efficiency. The quantum yield of BaF2-glass (PLZGdBafCe0.5) is also higher than that of CaF2-glass (PLZGdCafCe0.5). Energy transfer efficiency from Gd3+ to Ce3+ shows similar values, reflecting that the higher photoluminescence intensity of BaF2-glass comes from the efficiency of the luminescence center (Ce3+ ion). Photoluminescence and scintillation decay times were measured and found to be in the range of nanoseconds. XANES measurement was used to confirm the oxidation state and ratio between Ce3+/Ce4+. Moreover, the practical application of the glass scintillator was succeeded by micro-imaging using synchrotron X-ray. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Photoluminescence

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TiCu-CMC/PDA coatings with long-term antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility for surface engineering of implants

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Surface and Coatings Technology 2025年 509卷

作者： Zheng, Xiaosong Jiang, Yehao Zheng, Fazhan Xiang, Long Zhou, Lili Liang, Wenlang Huang, Nan Leng, Yongxiang Akhavan, Behnam Jing, Fengjuan Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China School of Engineering University of Newcastle CallaghanNSW2308 Australia Precision Medicine Program New Lambton HeightsNSW2305 Australia School of Biomedical Engineering University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia School of Physics University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Sydney Nano Institute University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia

Long-term antibacterial effects and favourable biocompatibility are crucial to sustaining the long-term application of medical devices such as cardiac implantable devices, orthopedic devices, hernia meshes, and catheters. This study reports the development of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polydopamine films on Ti[sbnd]Cu coatings (TiCu-CMC/PDA) with long-term antimicrobial effects and cytocompatibility for surface engineering of implants. The TiCu-CMC/PDA coatings demonstrate sustained antimicrobial efficacy, maintaining bacterial inhibition rates above 99.6 % after aging in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 60 days. This remarkable antibacterial performance is primarily driven by the controlled release of copper ions during aging, complemented by surface copper's contribution to antimicrobial effects. Further, the TiCu-CMC/PDA coatings exhibit high cell viability and proliferation with negligible cytotoxicity, attributed to the regulated copper ion release. However, the endothelial cell viability on TiCu-CMC/PDA coatings decreased with aging due to the formation of copper ion complexes and CuO/Cu(OH)2, as well as increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity over time. The technology offers a simple and controllable approach to fabricating TiCu-CMC/PDA coatings, providing a pathway for the design of long-term antibacterial biomedical devices, including cardiovascular and orthopedic implants. © 2024

关键词： Antibiotics

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Single atom catalyst towards ammonia synthesis at mild conditions

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science China Chemistry 2018年第9期61卷 1045-1046页

作者： Zhiwei Fang Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient element for all living organisms,however in its sufficient molecular form,nitrogen could not be utilized to meet the crucial need for global food requirements or industrial production due to its strong nonpolar N≡N triple ***,nitrogen fixation is an essential transformation but this only occurs in the nature with the help of nitrogenases[1].Although nitrogen can be artificially transformed into ammonia through the wellestablished Haber-Bosch process,the reaction is accomplished under drastic conditions,

关键词：氨合成温和条件催化剂原子氮固定工业生产有机体三元组

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Formation of Oxygen Vacancies in Cr³⁺-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and Their Role in Generating Paramagnetism

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Biomedical materials and Devices 2025年第1期3卷 529-544页

作者： Carrera, Karime Huerta, Verónica Orozco, Victor Matutes, José Urbieta, Ana Fernández, Paloma Martínez, Fabián Graeve, Olivia A. Herrera, Manuel Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México BC Ensenada C.P. 22800 Mexico Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados Chih. Chihuahua C.P. 31136 Mexico Departamento de Física de Materiales Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid C.P. 28040 Spain Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 CA United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 CA United States

We demonstrate that doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with Cr3+ ions induces oxygen vacancies, contributing to paramagnetism. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analyses reveal increased oxygen vacancy formation in O... 详细信息

We demonstrate that doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with Cr³⁺ ions induces oxygen vacancies, contributing to paramagnetism. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analyses reveal increased oxygen vacancy formation in OH- and PO43- groups with rising Cr³⁺ concentrations, highlighted by stronger cathodoluminescence emissions at 2.57 and 2.95 eV and the photoluminescence emission at 3.32 eV. Raman spectroscopy shows new modes at 900 and 970 cm⁻¹, indicating distortion of the v₁ vibrational mode due to Cr³⁺ substitution at Ca(II) sites of the HAp lattice. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms Cr³⁺ in the HAp:Cr. Magnetometry reveals a shift from diamagnetism in pure HAp to increasing paramagnetism in HAp:Cr with higher Cr³⁺ content, achieving 0.0460 emu/g at 10 kOe with concentrations higher than 2.9 at.%. This paramagnetism is attributed to Cr³⁺ ions and singly ionized oxygen vacancies VO′ aligning along an external magnetic field, with VO′ formation linked to PO43- replacement by PO32- in HAp. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Cathodoluminescence Cr3+ Hydroxyapatite Oxygen vacancies Paramagnetism

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