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COAL SOLUBILITY AND SWELLING .1. SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS FOR COAL AND THE FLORY CHI-PARAMETER

ENERGY & FUELS 1990年第4期4卷 379-384页

作者： PAINTER, PC GRAF, J COLEMAN, MM Polymer Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States

This is the first of three papers that deal with coal solubility and swelling. An association model has been applied to coal, and this predicts that the mixing of coal with certain solvents will be determined by a balance between unfavorable “physical” interactions, measured by a Flory χ parameter, and favorable hydrogen bonding interactions. This first paper deals with the determination of χ from solubility parameters. Methods based on group contributions and swelling measurements are assessed. The former suffers from large errors while the latter does not give correct values because of large free-volume differences between coal and most solvents. Even though group contribution methods are flawed when applied to coal, they at least appear to give values in the right range. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal

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EFFECT OF THE OCCURRENCE AND COMPOSITION OF SILICATE AND ALUMINOSILICATE COMPOUNDS ON ASH FORMATION IN PILOT-SCALE COMBUSTION OF PULVERIZED COAL AND COAL-WATER SLURRY FUELS

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ENERGY & FUELS 1994年第6期8卷 1197-1207页

作者： MILLER, SF SCHOBERT, HH Fuel Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania 16802 University Park United States

Beulah (North Dakota) lignite and Elk Creek (West Virginia) high-volatile A bituminous coal were burned in both pulverized coal and coal-water slurry fuel forms to study the effect of the modes of occurrence and composition of aluminosilicates and silicates on the particle size distribution and composition of ash. The dominant mechanism for ash formation in the Beulah pulverized coal was fragmentation of mineral particles, such as quartz and pyrite, during combustion. By contrast, the main mechanism for determining the Beulah CWSF ash particle size distribution was coalescence and agglomeration of inherent aluminosilicates and silicates during combustion. The particle size distribution of the inorganic phases formed during combustion of the Elk Creek fuels is slightly coarser than the original mineral matter, due to coalescence of inherent aluminosilicates and silicates during combustion. The slurry ash is slightly coarser than the pulverized coal ash as a result of the larger agglomerate formed on atomization of the Elk Creek slurry. The larger slurry agglomerate increases the number of mineral particles in proximity to one another and increases the time required for char burnout. In turn, the increased char burnout time increases the time interval during which mineral particles can coalesce, as evident by changes in the particle size distribution and composition of silicates and aluminosilicates. The result is enhanced coalescence and agglomeration of the mineral particles in the Elk Creek slurry compared to the pulverized coal. The results emphasize the importance of determining the size distribution and occurrence of inorganics in a fuel and the effect of changing either of these two parameters for a particular mineral group as a result of fuel form.

关键词： Coal ash

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Softening and recrystallization behavior of a new class of ferritic steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第2期26卷 154-161页

作者： Xiang-yu Xu Jian-zhe Li Xue-min Wang Wei Zhang Qian-nan Liu Cheng-jia Shang R.D.K.Misra Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research Materials Science and Engineering ProgramDepartment of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA

In order to clarify the recrystallization mechanism of low-densityδ-ferrite steel Fe-4AI-2Ni,interrupted and single-pass compression tests were carried *** this regard,five deformation temperatures(750-950 at an interval of 50°C)and different hold time were *** was observed that the softening and recrystallization fraction was enhaneed with increased deformation temperature and hold *** original grain bounclaries were the preferred nucleation sites for recrystallized grains,and recrystallization had an impact on obtaining homogeneous and fine-grained *** in the ferritic alloy commenced after a significant degree of softening,and the softening associated with recovery was appreciably *** optimum rolling deformation temperature was identified to be greater than 900°C.

关键词： δ-ferrite steel Interrupted compression test Recovery Recrystallization

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Reducing Defect Density of Bridgman-Grown Tl₆SeI₄ Semiconductor Crystals for Room-Temperature γ-ray Detection

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Crystal Growth and Design 2025年

作者： Imam, Safdar Liu, Zhifu Peters, John A. Bayikadi, Khasim Saheb Bhattacharya, Pijush Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Department of Chemistry Physics & Engineering Studies Chicago State University Chicago 60628 IL United States Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc. 44 Hunt Street Watertown 02472 MA United States

The thallium-based halide semiconductor, Tl6SeI4, is a promising material for room-temperature X-ray and γ-ray detection;however, its performance has been limited by deep-level defects and thallium oxide impurities, ... 详细信息

The thallium-based halide semiconductor, Tl₆SeI₄, is a promising material for room-temperature X-ray and γ-ray detection;however, its performance has been limited by deep-level defects and thallium oxide impurities, which degrade charge transport and detection capabilities. In this study, we present an enhanced purification process for precursor materials (Tl, TlI, and Se) using zone refinement, vapor transport, and bent-tube techniques. This approach significantly reduces deep-level defects and impurities, enabling the growth of high-quality centimeter-sized Tl₆SeI₄ single crystals using the two-zone vertical Bridgman method. Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy showed a reduction in defect density from ∼1.61 × 10¹⁵ to ∼2.46 × 10¹³ cm^-3. The fabricated detectors exhibited high room-temperature resistivity (∼10¹⁰ Ω·cm), effectively suppressing the leakage current. Improved photoresponses were observed for 122 keV γ-rays from ⁵⁷Co, 662 keV γ-rays from ¹³⁷Cs, and 1.173 MeV γ-rays from ⁶⁰Co, with particularly notable enhancements in detection efficiency for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources, compared to earlier studies with the same material. The mobility-lifetime (μτ) products were estimated to be 1.63 × 10^-5 cm²·V^-1 for electrons and 2.6 × 10^-5 cm²·V^-1 for holes, while time-of-flight measurements showed electron and hole drift mobilities of 26 and 18 cm²·V^-1·s^-1, respectively. These results highlight the critical importance of material purification in optimizing the Tl₆SeI₄ detector performance. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Defect density

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DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AND COCRYSTALLIZATION OF MIXTURES OF POLY(BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) AND POLY(ESTER ETHER) SEGMENTED BLOCK COPOLYMERS

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MACROMOLECULES 1989年第10期22卷 3908-3913页

作者： RUNT, J DU, L MARTYNOWICZ, LM BREZNY, DM MAYO, M Polymer Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States

Measurements of the complex permittivity were used to assess the amorphous phase miscibility in blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and several poly(ester-ether) (PEE) segmented block copolymers. In addition, complex plane parameters were determined for the component polymers and certain blends and their variation with hard segment content or blend composition is discussed. It was found that larger hard segment (tetramethylene terephthalate) content in the segmented block copolymers favors increased amorphous phase miscibility and cocrystallization. Thermal analysis and morphological evidence point to extensive cocrystallization in PEE-84/PBT mixtures. © 1989, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Block Copolymers

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COAL SOLUBILITY AND SWELLING .2. EFFECT OF HYDROGEN-BONDING ON CALCULATIONS OF MOLECULAR-WEIGHT FROM SWELLING MEASUREMENTS

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ENERGY & FUELS 1990年第4期4卷 384-393页

作者： PAINTER, PC PARK, Y SOBKOWIAK, M COLEMAN, MM Polymer Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States

In this paper theories of swelling that have been applied to coal are modified to account for hydrogen bonding. The results of various swelling measurements are analyzed and suggest some important conclusions. First, the calculated molecular weights are low, indicating that even a modified Gaussian would not describe their chain statistics, thus invalidating the model. Second, an analysis of the phase behavior suggests that the phenomenon of gel collapse could be observed in swollen coal networks. Finally, the swollen coal network itself could be phase separated. These last two predictions account for various previously reported experimental observations and suggest new experiments that would test the validity of the analysis. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal

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SOOT FORMATION IN BINARY HYDROCARBON MIXTURES

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ENERGY & FUELS 1988年第4期2卷 462-480页

作者： FRENKLACH, M YUAN, T RAMACHANDRA, MK Fuel Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania 16802 University Park United States

Soot formation in hydrogen-, allene-, and vinylacetylene-acetylene and acetylene-, allene-, vinylacetylene-, and 1,3-butadiene-benzene argon-diluted mixtures was studied behind reflected shock waves by monitoring the attenuation of a 632.8-nm He–Ne laser beam. The experiments were performed at temperatures of 1500–2490 K, pressures of 1.3–3.1 bar, and total carbon atom concentrations of (2.0–6.8) X 10¹⁷ atoms/cm³. The addition of molecular hydrogen to acetylene resulted in the decrease of soot production. Synergistic effects on soot formation were observed in the binary hydrocarbon mixtures. The experimental observations were interpreted by using detailed chemical kinetic modeling. The reaction mechanism used in the simulations was composed of 522 reversible reactions and 180 species. The computational results revealed that the mixture effects are caused primarily by the acceleration of acetylene-addition reactions. © 1988, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soot

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EFFECT OF THE OCCURRENCE AND MODES OF INCORPORATION OF ALKALIS, ALKALINE-EARTH ELEMENTS, AND SULFUR ON ASH FORMATION IN PILOT-SCALE COMBUSTION OF BEULAH PULVERIZED COAL AND COAL-WATER SLURRY FUEL

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ENERGY & FUELS 1994年第6期8卷 1208-1216页

作者： MILLER, SF SCHOBERT, HH Fuel Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania 16802 University Park United States

Beulah (North Dakota) lignite was fired in both pulverized and coal-water slurry form to study the effect of fuel form and rank on ash formation processes. The fuels were burned in a down-dired pilot-scale combustor at 316 MJ/h. In both of the Beulah fuels, organically bound sodium was important in the formation of micrometer and submicrometer sodium sulfate particles and coatings on larger silicate and aluminosilicate particles. The presence of sulfates indicates the importance of sulfur fixation by alkaline elements during combustion. Organically bound calcium is highly reactive within the char particle, participating in the formation of mixed aluminosilicates during char burnout;calcium is not associated with sulfur and does not appear to react outside of the char particle. The form in which the Beulah coal was fired, i.e., pulverized or as a CWSF, had no appreciable effect on the behavior of the alkalis and sulfur during combustion.

关键词： Coal ash

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Large Negative Magnetoresistance in off-Stochiometric Topological Material PrSbTe

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Acharya, Gokul Pandey, Krishna Sharma, M.M. Wang, Jian Chhetri, Santosh Karki Nabi, Md Rafique Un Upreti, Dinesh Basnet, Rabindra Sakon, Josh Hu, Jin Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Wichita State University WichitaKS United States Department of Chemistry & Physics University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine BluffAR71603 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

Magnetic topological materials LnSbTe (Ln = lanthanide) have attracted intensive attention because of the presence of interplay between magnetism, topological, and electron correlations depending on the choices of magnetic Ln elements. Varying Sb and Te composition is an efficient approach to control structural, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we report the composition-dependent properties in PrSbxTe2-x. We identified the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structure transitions in this material system, and very large negative magnetoresistance in the x = 0.3 composition, which might be ascribed to the coupling between magnetism and transport. Such unusual magnetotransport enables PrSbxTe2-x topological materials as a promising platform for device applications. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Magnetoresistance

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Biomedical data and AI

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science China Life sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1536-1540页

作者： Hao Xu Shibo Zhou Zefeng Zhu Vincenzo Vitelli Liangyi Chen Ziwei Dai Ning Yang Luhua Lai Shengyong Yang Sergey Ovchinnikov Zhuoran Qiao Sirui Liu Chen Song Jianfeng Pei Han Wen Jianfeng Feng Yaoyao Zhang Zhengwei Xie Yang-Yu Liu Zhiyuan Li Fulai Jin Hao Li Mohammad Lotfollahi Xuegong Zhang Ge Yang Shihua Zhang Ge Gao Pulin Li Qi Liu Jing-Dong Jackie Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Department of Physics University of Chicago School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lambic Therapeutics Inc. Changping Laboratory Al for Science Institute Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Peking University International Cancer Institute and Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Institute and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking University Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling the Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences School of Medicine and Department of Computer and Data Sciences and Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Sanger Institute Department of Automation Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems I

The development of artificial intelligence(AI) and the mining of biomedical data complement each other. From the direct use of computer vision results to analyze medical images for disease screening, to now integrating biological knowledge into models and even accelerating the development of new AI based on biological discoveries, the boundaries of both are constantly expanding, and their connections are becoming closer.

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