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POLYMER PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC COMPOSITES - POLYSTYRENE AND POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) WITH PZT

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER science 1984年第2期29卷 611-617页

作者： RUNT, J GALGOCI, EC Polymer Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802

AbstractLead zirconate–titanate (PZT)/polymer composites have been prepared byin situpolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate around aligned, thin PZT rods. Hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients (d̄hand ḡgh) measured by a dynamic technique yielded figures of merit (d̄hḡh) roughly four times that of homogeneous PZT for as‐polymerized composites. When these composites were annealed at a temperature slightly below the glass transition temperature of the matrix polymer and repoled, d̄hḡhincreased nearly twofold due primarily to a reduction of the composite dielectric constant. The piezoelectric response was found to be essentially independent of frequency from

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Signals from the extracellular matrix: Region- and sex-specificity in cardiac aging

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Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2025年 95卷 102524-102524页

作者： Ramli, Md. Faris H. Aguado, Brian A. Young, Jennifer L. Mechanobiology Institute (MBI) National University of Singapore 117411 Singapore Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering University of California La Jolla San Diego 92093 CA United States Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine La Jolla 92037 CA United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San Diego 92093 CA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore 117583 Singapore

During aging, the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes gradual remodeling that reduces the heart's ability to function. Specific ECM changes cause alterations in cellular signaling pathways, eliciting maladaptive responses. Here, we provide insight into the current knowledge of how age-specific ECM changes contribute to altered ligand–receptor interactions, dysregulated mechanotransduction, and the propagation of pro-fibrotic signaling cascades that underpin dysfunction. We also highlight regional and sex differences that new biomolecular and bioengineered technologies have recently uncovered. We call for new biomaterial strategies that mimic spatiotemporal and sex-specific ECM alterations to equip researchers with the tools to unravel complex cellular signaling events. We believe this can be achieved through interdisciplinary cooperation amongst researchers spanning matrix biology, biomaterials, spatial omics, and biomedical engineering. © 2025 The Authors

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Structural properties of hyperuniform Voronoi networks

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Physical Review E 2025年第3期111卷 034123-034123页

作者： Eli Newby Wenlong Shi Yang Jiao Reka Albert Salvatore Torquato Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Princeton Institute of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Disordered hyperuniform many-particle systems are recently discovered exotic states of matter, characterized by the complete suppression of normalized infinite-wavelength density fluctuations, as in perfect crystals, while lacking conventional long-range order, as in liquids and glasses. In this work, we begin a program to quantify the structural properties of nonhyperuniform and hyperuniform networks. In particular, large two-dimensional (2D) Voronoi networks (graphs) containing approximately 10,000 nodes are created from a variety of different point configurations, including the antihyperuniform hyperplane intersection process (HIP), nonhyperuniform Poisson process, nonhyperuniform random sequential addition (RSA) saturated packing, and both non-stealthy and stealthy hyperuniform point processes. We carry out an extensive study of the Voronoi-cell area distribution of each of the networks by determining multiple metrics that characterize the distribution, including their average areas and corresponding variances as well as higher-order cumulants (i.e., skewness γ1 and excess kurtosis γ2). We show that the HIP distribution is far from Gaussian, as evidenced by a high skewness (γ1=3.16) and large positive excess kurtosis (γ2=16.2). The Poisson (with γ1=1.07 and γ2=1.79) and non-stealthy hyperuniform (with γ1=0.257 and γ2=0.0217) distributions are Gaussian-like distributions, since they exhibit a small but positive skewness and excess kurtosis. The RSA (with γ1=0.450 and γ2=−0.0384) and the highest stealthy hyperuniform distributions (with γ1=0.0272 and γ2=−0.0626) are also non-Gaussian because of their low skewness and negative excess kurtosis, which is diametrically opposite of the non-Gaussian behavior of the HIP. The fact that the cell-area distributions of large, finite-sized RSA and stealthy hyperuniform networks (e.g., with N≈10,000 nodes) are narrower, have larger peaks, and smaller tails than a Gaussian distribution implies that in the thermodynamic limit th

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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An overview of high-throughput synthesis for advanced high-entropy alloys

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materials Genome engineering Advances 2025年第1期3卷

作者： Tong Xie Weidong Li Gihan Velisa Shuying Chen Fanchao Meng Peter K. Liaw Yang Tong Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision Materials Yantai University Yantai Shandong China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have revolutionized alloy design by integrating multiple principal elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios to form solid solutions, vastly expanding the compositional space beyond traditional alloys based on a primary element. However, the immense compositional complexity presents significant challenges in designing alloys with targeted properties, as billions of new alloy systems emerge. High-throughput approaches, which allow the parallel execution of numerous experiments, are essential for accelerated HEA design to navigate this extensive compositional space and fully exploit their potential. Here, we reviewed how advancements in high-throughput synthesis tools have accelerated HEA database development. We also discussed the advantages and limitations of each high-throughput fabrication methodology, as understanding these is vital for achieving precise HEA design.

关键词： combinatorial thin-film synthesis diffusion multiples high-entropy alloys high-throughput directed energy deposition high-throughput synthesis

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Virtual enumeration and evaluation of thin-film monomers for potential membrane synthesis via interfacial polymerization

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Journal of Membrane science 2025年

作者： Lana Bader Gergo Ignacz Gyorgy Szekely Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Many state-of-the-art applications, including membranes, adhesives, coatings, and sensors, are based on thin polymer films. The exploration of thin films can be facilitated by diversifying the chemical space of organic and aqueous monomers used in interfacial polymerization. To this end, we created a virtual library covering a range of scaffolds and fragments. First, we enumerated 137 scaffolds and 54 fragments to create more than 1.3 billion structures. We then filtered the raw library to remove duplicates and invalid structures. Further filtering based on molecular descriptors reduced the raw virtual library to a list of 26 million molecular structures as potential candidates for thin film formation via interfacial polymerization. The structures were further analyzed to identify their suitability as thin films where the solubilities, toxicities, and process mass intensities were calculated. In addition, the molecular structures in the virtual library were compared with those of commercially available monomers in the ZINC database. Overall, we could generate new structures with potential viability in thin film polymerization reactions. Our dataset can be utilized by the membrane community in molecular simulation studies, machine learning applications, and other data-extensive methods requiring a large and diverse set of molecules.

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Form Factor–Free Magneto-Triboelectric Generator for Standalone Power Line IoT Applications

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Advanced Energy materials 2025年

作者： Kim, Hyun Soo Lee, Min Hyuk Kim, Do-Heon Lee, Dong-Gyu Imani, Iman M. Hur, SungHoon Ko, Young Joon Choi, Yeong Uk Cho, Hyunah Song, So-Min Yoon, Tae Kyoung Oh, In Woo Jung, Jong Hoon Chen, Jun Kim, Yunseok Kang, Heemin Ryu, Jungho Baik, Jeong Min Song, Hyun-Cheol Seoul02792 Korea Republic of School of Electrical Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Division of Energy & Environment Technology University of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology Core Research Institute Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science & Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Future Convergence Materials Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of College of Medicine Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

The growing reliance on electronic devices has made ambient magnetic field harvesting a promising solution for powering low-power, small-scale technologies, such as those used in the Internet of Things (IoT). While metal alloy-based magneto-deformation materials have traditionally been used to capture energy from stray magnetic fields, they are costly and lack versatility. To advance magnetic field harvesting, it is essential to develop cost-effective, high-performance, and adaptable magneto-deformation materials. Incorporating ferromagnetic metal powders into polymers can induce magneto-rheological behavior. This quasi-solid magneto-rheological effect enables the generation of mechanical vibrations in response to an oscillating external magnetic field. Here, a functional composite film is presented that achieves efficient and straightforward magneto-deformation by integrating Fe powder with poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene). To further enhance the performance of the composite film, MoS2–SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles is exploited for improved charge trapping and employ ferroelectrics to increase the contact potential difference (CPD). The composite film shows a bending displacement of 1 mm in a 4 Oe magnetic field, with each magneto-triboelectric module generating 14.28 mW. The four fabricated modules successfully harvest real-time energy from the stray magnetic field of an electric pot, enabling a battery-free Bluetooth IoT sensor. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Energy materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Magnetoresistance

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Kinematic folding propagation in degree-4 origami strips

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Extreme Mechanics Letters 2025年 77卷

作者： Imada, Rinki Adachi, Akito Terashima, Shingo Iwase, Eiji Tachi, Tomohiro Department of General Systems Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8902 Japan Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering School of Fundamental Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda Shinjuku-ku Tokyo169-0051 Japan

Degree-4 origami strips, one-DOF mechanisms constructed by sequentially connecting degree-4 origami vertices, have inspired origami-based engineering design. However, thorough kinematic analyses were limited to a special subset of degree-4 origami strips that exhibit uniform folding along the sequence. In this study, we show how folding propagates non uniformly, i.e., gets attenuated or amplified, in a general degree-4 origami strip. We introduce the concept of kinematic folding propagation and analyze it by studying discrete dynamical systems. Our results reveal that, despite its simple structure, the strip exhibits diverse folding propagation behaviors, strongly influenced by design parameters such as sector angles and topology of the crease patterns. We show that the propagation behavior is topologically linear when adjacent vertices are connected via opposite creases. We compute and visualize folding motions, including strips that transition from a flat-folded state to a helical shape through uniform or nonuniform (attenuated/amplified) propagation upon actuation of the boundary crease. Additionally, we demonstrate folding propagation in physical models using 3D-printed prototypes with thick panels. Furthermore, we show that topologically nonlinear propagation emerges when adjacent creases are used to connect adjacent vertices. We also discuss folding propagation in curved-crease origami that is achieved by taking a continuum limit of the strip. Our findings establish kinematic folding propagation as a core functionality enabled by nonuniform folding, thereby laying the foundation for programmable origami. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Kinematics

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A SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF NICKEL-OXIDE FILMS ON POLYCRYSTALLINE NICKEL

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THIN SOLID FILMS 1989年第1-2期177卷 171-180页

作者： MITRA, S TATTI, SR STARK, JP Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 U.S.A.

The growth of nickel oxide films has attracted much attention over the years, and various diffusion mechanisms have been proposed to model the process. The popular techniques used to study the mass transport mechanisms have been Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Another approach that has been suggested is the study of isotope separation during thin film growth. This type of analysis can give the mechanism of reaction during the film growth and is the technique used in this study. A normal isotope separation implies either grain boundary or lattice diffusion, whereas a reverse separation explicity implies grain boundary diffusion. This study looks at nickel oxides grown on polycrystalline nickel at 400, 600 and 800°C, and which range from 1.5 to 18 μm in thickness. Oxides were grown under atmospheric oxygen partial pressure conditions. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the nature of the oxide, and SIMS, in conjunction with Auger spectroscopy and argon ion sputtering, was used to determine the isotope separation if any. It was found that the oxide grown at 800°C exhibited reverse isotope separation, whereas the oxides grown at lower temperatures showed normal separation. Simplified calculations of the chemical diffusion coefficients of nickel in nickel oxide have also been made at the temperatures of interest, and activation energies ranging from 55.2 to 190.4 kJ mol -1 were obtained.

关键词： Nickel Compounds

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SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING (SAXS) IN CARBONIZED PHENOLIC RESINS

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CARBON 1994年第5期32卷 953-960页

作者： GUPTA, A HARRISON, IR [a]Department of Materials Science Engineering Polymer Science Program The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 U.S.A.

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) has been used as an analytical tool to study the development of microstructure with increasing Heat Treatment Temperature (HTT) of a carbonized phenolic resin, which is often used as matrix in commercial carbon-carbon composites. Processing parameters-heating rate and maximum heat treatment temperature-were the primary variables of interest. Results from SAXS have led to the consideration of a model for microstructure development in carbonized phenolic resins. Local density variations on the 10 angstrom-100 angstrom scale seem to be the predominant feature of these carbonized resins in the temperature range studied (450-900-degrees-C). Heat treatment results in a gradual destruction of crosslinks, which leads to clustering of the aromatic units. These clusters enclose pores, the high concentrations of which give rise to scattering maxima in SAXS data. Concentration and dimensions of pores are sensitive both to the heating rate used and the maximum carbonization temperature.

关键词： CARBONIZED PHENOLIC RESIN SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING CLUSTERS MICROPOROSITY

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Chemical synthesis and coercivity enhancement of Nd2Fe14B nanostructures mediated by non-magnetic layer

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 1141-1148页

作者： Kai Zhu Junjie Xu Xiaobai Wang Wei Li Kesong Tian Yanglong Hou Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices(BKLMMD) Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

High-performance Nd2Fei4B magnets have been widely required in various fields recently due to the lightweight and miniaturization of *** this work,we synthesize Nd2Fei4B nanostructures with tunable magnetic properties through surfactant-assisted high energy ball milling(SAHEBM)process,achieving prominently enhanced coercivity by forming non-magnetic layers as grain boundary *** the reduction annealing process was carried out as pellet with Ca,the coercivity increased from 0.8 kOe to over 3 kOe as Nd2Fei4B powder,which is proved to be the contribution of the chemical diffusion of Nd elements and the formation of Nd-rich layer as magnetic insulating *** addition,two-dimensional graphene oxide(GO)was employed to build extra grain boundary,by which the coercivity of the core@dual-shell structure can achieve up to 8 kOe,tenfold of the original *** intrinsic mechanism indicated that the Nd-diffusion induced Nd-rich phase along with the reduced GO in the system could form non-magnetic layer as grain boundary and magnetically isolate the adjacent grains,significantly enhancing the exchange coupling *** work markedly opens up an effective approach for the chemical preparation of high-performance Nd2Fe14B nanostructured magnets,especially after post treatment,and gives an insight on the interactions at nanoscale.

关键词： Nd2Fei4B nanostructures chemical reduction diffusion process grain boundary graphene oxide coercivity enchantment

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