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High-resolution modelling of particulate matter chemical composition over Europe: brake wear pollution

Environment International 2025年

作者： Abhishek Upadhyay Jianhui Jiang Yun Cheng Petros Vasilakos Ying Chen Daniel Trejo Banos Benjamin Flückiger Manousos I. Manousakas André S.H. Prévôt Robin L. Modini Ana Sánchez de la Campa Andrea Schemmel Andrés Alastuey Benjamin Bergmans Célia A. Alves Christoph Hueglin Cristina Colombi Cristina Reche Daniel Sánchez-Rodas Dario Massabò Imad El-Haddad PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Global Institute for Urban and Regional Sustainability School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China Swiss Data Science Center EPFL and ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Swiss TPH Allschwil Switzerland University of Basel P.O. Box CH-4003 Basel Switzerland CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva “Atmospheric Pollution” Campus El Carmen s/n 21071 Huelva Spain Federal Environment Agency Germany Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Institut Scientifique de Service Public – ISSeP Belgium Department of Environment and Planning CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia) 20124 Milan Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Genova via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genova Italy National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) – Division of Genoa via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genova Italy College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China

In today’s rapidly evolving society, the sources of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) emissions are shifting significantly. Stringent regulations on vehicle tailpipe emissions, in combination with a lack of control of non-exhaust vehicular emissions, have led to an increase in the relative contribution of non-exhaust PM in Europe. This study analyzes the spatial distribution, temporal trends, and impacts of brake wear PM pollution across Europe by modeling copper (Cu) concentrations at a high spatial resolution of ∼250 m which is a key tracer of brake-wear emissions. We integrated coarse-resolution brake-wear Cu from CAMx chemical transport model and high-resolution land use data into a random forest model to predict Cu concentrations at 250 m over whole of continental Europe. The random forest model was trained using an unprecedented dataset of over 50,000 daily Cu measurements from 152 sites. It corrected CAMx underestimation and downscaled Cu to a higher spatial resolution. In validation, the model showed robust spatial and temporal prediction with good Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. We generated 10 years (2010–2019) of daily Cu concentrations over Europe, revealing spatial patterns aligned with urbanization and road networks, with peaks in cities and lower values in rural areas. Temporal trends reveal that Cu concentrations generally peak on weekdays and in winter. Despite a decline in PM across Europe over decades, Cu concentrations showed no decrease in many cities from 2010 to 2019. Cu levels are strongly correlated with population density with more than 12 million Europeans exposed to levels exceeding 40 ng/m 3 , equivalent to around 1 μg/m 3 of total PM 10 from brake wear. Our findings highlight the need for expanded metal measurement for non-exhaust tracers for a better understanding of the health relevance of PM composition including Cu, and more effective regulations of non-exhaust PM emissions as included in EURO 7 ve

关键词： Brake wear Non-exhaust emissions Atmospheric Cu Copper CAMx Random forest

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Multifunctional Dy(Ⅲ)doped di-calcium silicate array for boosting display and forensic applications

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第7期36卷 690-702页

作者： M.Venkataravanappa R.B.Basavaraj G.P.Darshan B.Daruka Prasad S.C.Sharma P.Hema Prabha S.Ramani H.Nagabhushana Department of Physics Govt.First Grade CollegeSiraTumkur 572 137India Research and Development Center Bharathiar UniversityCoimbatore 641 046India Prof.CN.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Research Tumkur UniversityTumkur 572 103India Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate StudiesBangalore 560 107India Department of Physics BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementVTU-afflliatedBangalore 560 064India Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain UniversityJain Group of InstitutionsBangalore 560 069India Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women University Coimbatore 6410 43India Department of Food Processing and Preservation Technology Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women UniversityCoimbatore 641043India

Latent fingerprints（LFPs） are the major physical evidences for the identification of individuals during crime spot investigation. Till date, numerous methods were followed to visualize LFPs. However, simple,accurate, and cost-effective method has wide scope in advanced forensic field. In our work, Ca2 SiO4：Dy^（3＋）nanopowders（NPs） were fabricated via solution combustion route. The optimized sample was employed for the visualization of overlapped LFPs by the cost effective powder dusting method. The obtained results reveals the complete three levels of ridge characteristics with high sensitivity, reproducibility,selectivity, and reliability on various complex surfaces. The photoluminescence（PL） spectra consist of intense peaks at ～ 480 and 574 nm owing to ~4 F（9/2） →~6 H（15/2） and ~4 F（9/2）→~6 H（13/2） 4 f transitions of Dy3＋ ions,respectively. The photometric properties confirm that the samples exhibit intense white emission with high color purity. Therefore, the prepared NPs could be a definitive choice as an advanced luminescent NPs for forensic, solid state lighting and portable FED devices.

关键词： Solution combustion Photoluminescence Solid state lighting Fingerprint patterns Sweat pores Rare earths

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The WREASN Typology of Student Involvement Activities

The WREASN Typology of Student Involvement Activities

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： R. M. Mwenesi E. Brennan-Wydra C. Sanchez M. Ellis D. Koch C. S. Davis J. M. Millunchick Retention & Academic Support College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI Center for Engineering Diversity & Outreach University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI STEM Program Development Women in Science & Eng. University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI

ISBN: (纸本)9781538611753;9781538611746

This Research Work in Progress paper presents a typology for categorizing undergraduate extra-curricular activities. We observed that the all of the activities listed on a corpus of student resumes could be fully described by defining two levels of identifiers, the first of which describes the type of activity while the second is a descriptor of the activity. As a proof of concept, the typology was applied to resumes of participants in a program that serves underrepresented students studying engineering at a large public R1 institution. Simple descriptive findings are reported, and potential future applications are discussed.

关键词： Organizations Resumes Education Sociology Statistics Standards organizations

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Recycling and processing of solid waste into products of the cosmetic packaging industry

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1295卷

作者： P. Purwanto A.D. Permana-Citra Doctorate Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies (SPS) Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia STIKES Widya Husada Semarang Indonesia

The waste generation of the plastic packaging industry for the cosmetic product is consisting of the hazardous and non-hazardous waste. The non-hazardous waste of cosmetic product includes product reject, plastic bags, cardboard, and paper. The content of hazardous waste of the cosmetic product is the part such as chemical packaging drum, paint sludge, and wastewater treatment sludge. On the other hand, there is a chance of the waste management that can be started from the segregation of both hazardous and non-hazardous waste, recycling of non-hazardous waste and utilization of waste into products by third parties. That is because the dangerous waste that is carried out according to the waste regulation can be used as a useful product to provide economic and environmental benefits. The research examines various opportunities to use waste as raw material and also to be processed into products. The study steps consist of identification, assessment, techno-economic analysis, and implementation approaches. The study results show that the hazardous solid waste can be used as fuel, filling materials for paving blocks, and ceramic raw materials. The utilization as raw material for paving blocks shows the most significant opportunity for economic and has environmental benefits.

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Pretreatment of Herbal, Tofu and Fertilizer Waste Using UV/Ozon Technique and Its Utilization for Spirulina sp Cultivation

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2019年第1期248卷

作者： H Hadiyanto A Digda N P Adetya M Evanty Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Graduate Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Jalan Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang Kotak Pos 1269

The herbal, tofu and fertilizer industries contribute considerable waste to the environment. The waste contains COD and organic substances which should be reduced before it is discharged to the environmental body. One of methods is by using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) degradation method. The process of AOPs in this study used a combination of UV irradiation and ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals. This study was aimed to investigate the degradation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by using AOP techniques and to evaluate the treated waste for microalgae growth. This research consists of two steps: (1) the initial COD degradation using UV-Ozon. (2) utilization of the treated waste for microalgae cultivation by combining a mixed nutrient of waste and 10 mg/L TSP, 10 mg/L Urea, 80mg/L NaHCO3. The results showed that the COD degraded by UV/Ozone follows the first order equation by k value of 0.082/day, 0.223/day and 0.436/day for tofu, herbal and fertilizer waste respectively. The growth rate of Spirulina cultivated in waste medium was in comparable with the one cultivated in control medium.

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Study of flavor dependence of the baryon-to-meson ratio in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV

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Physical Review D 2023年第11期108卷 112003-112003页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt A. R. Altamura I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei N. Andreou A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck M. D. Azmi H. Baba A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou B. Barman G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova G. Bencedi S. Beole Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo H. Bossi E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buhler N. Burmasov Z. Buthelezi A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Cho Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Bologna Italy Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble France Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Univers

The production cross sections of D0 and Λc+ hadrons originating from beauty-hadron decays (i.e., nonprompt) were measured for the first time at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) by the ALICE Collaboration in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=13 TeV. They are described within uncertainties by perturbative QCD calculations employing the fragmentation fractions of beauty quarks to baryons measured at forward rapidity by the LHCb Collaboration. The bb¯ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity, estimated from these measurements, is dσbb¯/dy||y|<0.5=83.1±3.5(stat)±5.4(syst)−3.2+12.3(extrap) μb. The baryon-to-meson ratios are computed to investigate the hadronization mechanism of beauty quarks. The nonprompt Λc+/D0 production ratio has a similar trend to the one measured for the promptly produced charmed particles and to the p/π+ and Λ/KS0 ratios, suggesting a similar baryon-formation mechanism among light, strange, charm, and beauty hadrons. The pT -integrated nonprompt Λc+/D0 ratio is found to be significantly higher than the one measured in e+e− collisions.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Particle production Bottom quark

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Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at s=5.02 and 13 TeV

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Physical Review D 2023年第7期108卷 072008-072008页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck M. D. Azmi A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo H. Bossi E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Chochula P. Chri Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Bologna Italy Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble France Universidade de São Paulo (USP

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum (pT) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 2 GeV/c is measured in pp collisions at the center of mass energies of s=5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity (η) within ±0.8 and pT larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without pT-thresholds are performed for inelastic and nonsingle-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having |η|<1 in pp collisions at s=5.02 TeV for the first time at the LHC. These measurements are compared to the pythia 6, pythia 8, and epos-lhc models. In general, the models describe the η dependence of particle production well. However, discrepancies are observed for the highest transverse momentum threshold (pT>2 GeV/c), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at s=13 TeV.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Particle production QCD phenomenology

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Correction to: Far eastern curlew and whimbrel prefer flying low - wind support and good visibility appear only secondary factors in determining migratory flight altitude

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Movement ecology 2021年第1期9卷 51页

作者： Batbayar Galtbalt Amanda Lilleyman Jonathan T Coleman Chuyu Cheng Zhijun Ma Danny I Rogers Bradley K Woodworth Richard A Fuller Stephen T Garnett Marcel Klaassen Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia. batbr19@***. Threatened Species Recovery Hub National Environment Science Program Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Ellengowan Drive Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia. Queensland Wader Study Group 22 Parker Street Shailer Park 4128 Australia. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China. Department of Environment Water Land and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute PO Box 137 Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia. Australasian Wader Studies Group Melbourne Victoria Australia. School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia. Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia. Victorian Wader Study Group Melbourne Victoria Australia.

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Graphene/Ni Wire Foam with Multivalent Manganese Oxide Catalysts for Li-O2 Battery Cathode

Graphene/Ni Wire Foam with Multivalent Manganese Oxide Catal...

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MRS Advances

作者： Liu, Chueh Li, Changling Mutlu, Zafer Ozkan, Cengiz S. Ozkan, Mihrimah Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California RiversideCA United States

Herein, commercial Ni foam coated with self-assembled and linearly-aligned Ni wires is utilized as a cost-effective current collector for application in Li-O2 battery. The Ni wires are furthered deposited with graphene layers (g-Ni wire) to improve electrical conductivity. Multivalent Mn oxides consisting of Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnCO3 are used as effective oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution reaction (OER) catalysts deposited on g-Ni wire current collectors. Specific capacities are respective ∼100 and ∼170 mAh g-1 without or with O2 introduction into the cell. The relative facile synthesis process requiring merely solution-based synthesis at ambient pressure, low temperature and short process time renders the Mn oxides/g-Ni wire electrode promising for Li-O2 battery application. © 2017 materials Research Society.

关键词： Oxides

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New Insights on the Surface and Stress Behavior of Manganese-Oxide As Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst in Alkaline Electrolyte

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ECS Meeting Abstracts 2019年第1期MA2019-02卷

作者： Or Keisar Yair Ein-Eli Yair Cohen Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) The Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP) Technion Materials Science and Engineering Technion Chemistry Nuclear Research Centre- Negev (NRCN)

The electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on air-cathode have a decisive impact on metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Much effort has been invested in finding a cost effective electro-catalyst, enabling a decrease in the ORR over-potential and enhancing the power source device discharge performance.[1-2] Manganese-oxides (MnOx) are particularly interesting as non-precious ORR electro-catalysts candidates due to their rich oxidation states, chemical compositions and their variety of crystal structures[1-3]. In order to broaden our understanding on the catalytic mechanism of Manganese-Oxide and its surface chemistry during ORR, we performed unique in-situ electrochemical surface stress (ESS) measurements[4]. The in-situ ESS response was measured on an Au/MnOx electrode in both Ar and O2 saturated environments. A complex stress response was measured during the electrochemical scan caused by various crystal structure transitions[5]. The presence of oxygen resulted in a less compressive stress response during the ORR; suggesting that part of the activated sites on the surface are reduced and re-oxidized (Mn4+↔Mn3+) during the ORR. These observations evidently support the proposed ORR catalytic mechanism[3,5]. In addition, an overall tensile trend was recorded during multiple cycling, pouring some light on the poor mechanical stability of the MnOx film. This insight has major implications on the applicability of MnOx as a catalyst on practical carbon based electrodes. References: R. Mainar, L.C. Colmenares , O. Leonet , F. Alcaide , J.J. Iruin , S. Weinberger , V. Hacker , E. Iruin , I. Urdanpilleta , J.A. Blazquez., Manganese oxide catalysts for secondary zinc air batteries: from electrocatalytic activity to bifunctional air electrode performance, Electrochimica Acta 217 (2016) 80–91. Li, M. Gong, Y. Liang, J. Feng, J.-E. Kim, H. Wang, G. Hong, B. Zhang, and H. Dai., Advanced zinc-air batteries based on high-performance hybrid electrocatalysts, Nature Co

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