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Application of X-ray synchrotron microscopy instrumentation in biology

Application of X-ray synchrotron microscopy instrumentation ...

2nd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications, ANIMMA 2011

作者： Gasperini, F.M. Pereira, G.R. Granjeiro, J.M. Calasans-Maia, M.D. Rossi, A.M. Perez, C.A. Lopes, R.T. Lima, I. Medical Science Program Fluminense Federal University Niterói Brazil Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Molecular and Cell Biology Department Fluminense Federal University Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil Oral Surgery Department Fluminense Federal University Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomaterials Laboratory Brazilian Center of Physics Research Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazilian Synchrotron Laboratory Campinas São Paulo Brazil Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781457709265

X-ray microfluorescence imaging technique has been used as a significant tool in order to investigate minerals contents in some kinds of materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental distribution of calcium and zinc in bone substitute materials (nanohydroxyapatite spheres) and cortical bones through X-Ray Microfluorescence analysis with the increment of Synchrotron Radiation in order to evaluate the characteristics of the newly formed bone and its interface, the preexisting bone and biomaterials by the arrangement of collagen fibers and its birefringence. The elemental mapping was carried out at Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas - Sao Paulo, Brazil working at D09-XRF beam line. Based on this study, the results suggest that hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials are biocompatible, promote osteoconduction and favored bone repair. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Bone

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Influence of Microstructure and Phase Morphology on the Stability of High Temperature Irradiation Resistant Thermocouples

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Riley, Scott Holloway, Kyle Bateman, Allyssa Skifton, Richard Jaques, Brian Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering BoiseID United States Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho FallsID United States Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID United States

Development of in-core instrumentation is driven by the pursuit of safer and more economic energy production from both existing nuclear reactors and Generation IV reactor designs. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed high temperature irradiation resistant thermocouples (HTIR-TCs) for temperature sensing inside Generation IV nuclear reactors. These thermocouples are composed of phosphorus-doped niobium (Nb-P) and lanthana-doped molybdenum (Mo-LaO) thermoelements, an alumina (Al2O3) insulation, and a niobium sheath. HTIR-TCs require an initial heat treatment exceeding the maximum service temperature to stabilize the generated electromotive force (EMF) signal;however, the mechanism behind this stabilization is not well understood. This work evaluates the impact of the stabilization heat treatment on the thermoelements' microstructures, chemical stability, and electrical properties to determine the mechanisms by which the EMF signal stabilization occurs. Accordingly, during the preliminary heat treatment, a secondary Nb3P phase formed within the Nb-P, along with an interaction region at the Al2O3/niobium interface. The formation of secondary phases within the niobium leg of the thermocouple causes an increase in the Seebeck coefficient. Stabilization of the HTIR-TC EMF signal was found to be dependent upon both the equilibrium of a diffusion interaction region at the Nb-P/Al2O3 interface and the formation of Nb3P precipitates. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermocouples

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Ionic Liquids: Lubrication Mechanism of Phosphonium Phosphate Ionic Liquid in Nanoscale Single-Asperity Sliding Contacts (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 17/2020)

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Advanced materials Interfaces 2020年第17期7卷

作者： Li, Zixuan Dolocan, Andrei Morales-Collazo, Oscar Sadowski, Jerzy T. Celio, Hugo Chrostowski, Robert Brennecke, Joan F. Mangolini, Filippo Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States J. Mike Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

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Influence of Catalase Encapsulation on Cobalt@Nanoporous Carbon with Multiwall Shell for Supercapacitor and Polyurethane Synthesis by Using Carbon Dioxide

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Patil, Rahul Kumar, Nitish Bhattacharjee, Sudip Wu, C.M. Hsi-Yen Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C.W. Salunkhe, Rahul R. Bhaumik, Asim Dutta, Saikat Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and studies Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida201313 India Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India School of Materials Science Indian Association for Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India Nanoporous Materials Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Enzyme encapsulated ZIFs exhibit significant host-guest synergism and protect the relative activity of the enzymes. Elucidation of metallic active sites including the nature of electronics and valance state has been forefront in energy conversion studies supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectrogram. Here, we access metallic cobalt (Co) sites that were set by pyrolysis of catalase encapsulated ZIF-67 (cat@ZIF-67) at a high temperature (700 °C) to obtain cat@ZIF-67-NC. The local environment of Co-sites from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis suggests the presence of Co sites in a metallic valance state. HR-TEM and STEM analysis further revealed the Co particles encapsulated with multiwall shell morphology as support. An activity reversal is witnessed, where cat@ZIF-67-NC exhibited higher activity in CO2-cycloaddition-polymerization but was found weaker in capacitance than ZIF-67-NC for 3-electrode supercapacitor applications. The ZIF-67-NC has exhibited maximum Cs of 223 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, which retained about 87 F/g on increasing scan rate to 200 mV/s, in contrast to cat@ZIF-67 NC with a Cs value of 133.4 F/g at 5 mV/s with improved retention (58% at 200 mV/s). The contrasting nature of cat-ZIF-67-NC and ZIF-67-NC in supercapacitor and CO2 cycloaddition-polymerization originates from encapsulated catalase in ZIF-67 based on XPS and EXAFS analysis. The electronic configuration and surface composition analysis using EXAFS and XPS techniques revealed the presence of metallic Co-sites responsible for supercapacitor and CO2-cycloaddition-polymerization. An influence of encapsulated catalase is evident in a decrease in the capacitance for cat-ZIF-67-NC due to metallic Co-sites. Co-sites in cat-ZIF-67-NC are more active in producing polyurethane by a non-isocyanate route via CO2-cycloaddition. © 2022, The Authors.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Moth-Eye Light-Emitting Diodes

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MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 2011年第1期831卷 E1.9-E1.9页

作者： Hideki Kasugai Yasuto Miyake Akira Honshio Takeshi Kawashima Kazuyoshi Iida Motoaki Iwaya Satoshi Kamiyama Hiroshi Amano Isamu Akasaki Hiroyuki Kinoshita Department of Materials Science and Engineering 21st-Century COE Program “Nano Factory” Meijo University 1–501 Shiogamaguchi Tempaku-ku Nagoya 468–8502 Japan. SiXON Ltd. 47 Umezutakase-cho Ukyo-ku Kyoto 615–8686 Japan.

Nitride-based blue-light-emitting diodes having a moth-eye structure were fabricated on the backside of a 6H-SiC substrate. The light extraction efficiency and the corresponding output power were increased by 3.8 times compared with those of an LED having the conventional structure. The results of theoretical analysis agree with these findings.

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Structural changes induced by electric currents in a single crystal of Pr2CuO4

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Physical Review materials 2023年第8期7卷 083803-083803页

作者： Susmita Roy Feng Ye Zachary Morgan Kabir Mathur Anish Parulekar Syed I. A. Jalali Yu Zhang Gang Cao Nobu-Hisa Kaneko Martin Greven Rishi Raj Dmitry Reznik Department of Physics University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8563 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Center for Experiments on Quantum Materials University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We demonstrate an approach to the structural and electronic property modification of perovskites, focusing on Pr2CuO4, an undoped parent compound of a class of electron-doped copper-oxide superconductors. Currents were passed parallel or perpendicular to the copper oxygen layers with the voltage ramped up until a rapid drop in the resistivity was achieved, a process referred to as “flash.” The current was then further increased tenfold in current-control mode. This state was quenched by immersion into liquid nitrogen. Flash can drive many compounds into different atomic structures with new properties, whereas the quench freezes them into a long-lived state. Single-crystal neutron diffraction of as-grown and modified Pr2CuO4 revealed a 10×10 superlattice due to oxygen-vacancy order. The diffraction peak intensities of the superlattice of the modified sample were significantly enhanced relative to the pristine sample. Raman-active phonons in the modified sample were considerably sharper. Measurements of electrical resistivity, magnetization, and two-magnon Raman scattering indicate that the modification affected only the Pr-O layers, but not the Cu-O planes. These results point to enhanced oxygen-vacancy order in the modified samples well beyond what can be achieved without passing electrical current. Our work opens a new avenue toward electric field/quench control of structure and properties of layered perovskite oxides.

关键词： Electrical properties Electroluminescence Magnetic order Magnetic susceptibility Superconductivity

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Performance of multimodal prediction models for intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes using real-world data

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International Journal of Medical Informatics 2025年 202卷 105989-105989页

作者： Matsumoto, Koutarou Suzuki, Masahiro Ishihara, Kazuaki Tokunaga, Koki Matsuda, Katsuhiko Chen, Jenhui Yamashiro, Shigeo Soejima, Hidehisa Nakashima, Naoki Kamouchi, Masahiro Department of Health Care Administration and Management Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Institute for Medical Information Research and Analysis Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan Graduate Degree Program of Applied Data Sciences Sophia University Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Pharmacy Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan Department of Radiology Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan Division of Neurosurgery Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan Medical Information Center Kyushu University Hospital Fukuoka Japan Department of Medical Informatics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Center for Cohort Studies Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Graphical abstract

关键词： Multimodal model Deep learning Machine learning Intracerebral hemorrhage

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Bond integrity of a plate wave guide on a half space

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2012年第1期1430卷 1323-1330页

作者： J. H. Bostron J. L. Rose C. A. Moose Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Composite Materials Division Applied Research Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16804 USA

Bond integrity is of interest to researchers in non-destructive evaluation because it is used as an indicator when assessing the health of structures. In this study, a plate waveguide on a half space is examined to find features associated with bond integrity. Analytical and finite element models are developed to describe wave propagation. Mode and frequency selection optimization is discussed. Preliminary results suggest that changes in arrival time and amplitude can be used to detect the length of a very weak bond when using a special mode of strong in-plane displacement at the interface.

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Mixed-dimensional moiré systems of graphitic thin films with a twisted interface

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Waters, Dacen Thompson, Ellis Arreguin-Martinez, Esmeralda Fujimoto, Manato Ren, Yafei Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Cao, Ting Xiao, Di Yankowitz, Matthew Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Physics Osaka University Osaka560-0043 Japan Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan

Moiré patterns formed by stacking atomically-thin van der Waals crystals with a relative twist angle can give rise to dramatic new physical properties [1, 2]. The study of moiré materials has so far been limited to structures comprising no more than a few vdW sheets, since a moiré pattern localized to a single two-dimensional interface is generally assumed to be incapable of appreciably modifying the properties of a bulk three-dimensional crystal. Layered semimetals such as graphite offer a unique platform to challenge this paradigm, owing to distinctive properties arising from their nearly-compensated electron and hole bulk doping. Here, we perform transport measurements of dual-gated devices constructed by slightly rotating a monolayer graphene sheet atop a thin bulk graphite crystal. We find that the moiré potential transforms the electronic properties of the entire bulk graphitic thin film. At zero and small magnetic fields, transport is mediated by a combination of gate-tunable moiré and graphite surface states, as well as coexisting semimetallic bulk states that do not respond to gating. At high field, the moiré potential hybridizes with the graphitic bulk states owing to the unique properties of the two lowest Landau bands of graphite. These Landau bands facilitate the formation of a single quasi–two-dimensional hybrid structure in which the moiré and bulk graphite states are inextricably mixed. Our results establish twisted graphene-graphite as the first in a new class of mixed-dimensional moiré materials. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thin films

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Tunable Optical Beam Focusing Using Static Water Droplets on an Electrospun Polymer Fiber

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Budlayan, Marco Laurence M. Palangyos, Dina C. Patricio, Jonathan N. Arco, Susan D. Guerrero, Raphael A. Department of Physics College of Mathematics and Natural Science Caraga State University Butuan City8600 Philippines Department of Physics School of Science and Engineering Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City1108 Philippines Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department College of Computing Pangasinan State University Pangasinan Urdaneta2428 Philippines Materials Science and Engineering Program College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Institute of Chemistry College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Ateneo de Manila University Philippines

This work explores the use of static water microdroplets on a microfiber to vary the width of an optical beam. Varying the water droplet volume changes the beam width without replacing any optical components. A surface derived from glass deposited with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microfibers via electrospinning was used to sustain the droplet shape on the surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of randomly intertwined microfibers with diameters of less than 3 µm which afforded the surface a hydrophobic property. A decrease in the optical transmittance of the films and an increase in the water contact angle were also observed as fiber density increases. Results revealed an increase in the beam size with increasing droplet volume manifesting a defocusing or magnifying effect as the beam passed through the droplets. The beam maintained its Gaussian profile, confirming that the presence of the deposited fibers did not significantly alter the beam type. By using droplets with different liquid volumes (5-60 µL), we replicate the action of a convex lens with varying focal length. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microfibers

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