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Micromobility: Progress, benefits, challenges, policy and regulations, energy sources and storage, and its role in achieving sustainable development goals

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 17卷

作者： Olabi, A.G. Wilberforce, Tabbi Obaideen, Khaled Sayed, Enas Taha Shehata, Nabila Alami, Abdul Hai Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Birmingham Aston TriangleB4 7ET United Kingdom Center for Advanced Materials Research University of Sharjah PO Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Faculty of Engineering Minia University Elminia Egypt Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt

Micromobility is dominant in urban areas, enhancing the transportation sustainability and assisting in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This work provides an overall assessment of micromobility: its role under SDGs, policy options, micromobility regulations, emerging technologies, utilisation determinants, energy source, and energy storage. The analysis shows that micromobility could play a major role in achieving the SDGs, specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by lowering toxic gas emissions and reducing projected traffic accidents. Also, the effect on SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by reducing the transportation footprint, on SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by increasing transposition accessibility, reducing traffic congestion and improving the air quality, and equally on SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by reducing transportation footprint and increase the sources efficiency. Moreover, micromobility affects SDG 13 (Climate Action) by reducing the greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the analysis shows a clear gap in literature and publications on micromobility, especially in energy management and energy storage area. This review shows that new technology of renewable energy and energy storage could play a significant role in achieving the sustainability of micromobility therefore achieving the SDGs. © 2023

关键词： Sustainable development

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Modeling of Visuospatial Perspectives Processing and Modulation of the Fronto-Parietal Network Activity during Action Imitation

Modeling of Visuospatial Perspectives Processing and Modulat...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Hyuk Oh Rodolphe J. Gentili James A. Reggia José L.Contreras-Vidal Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Kinesiology the Maryland Robotics Center and the Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Computer Science and the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77004 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441198

It has been suggested that the human mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a critical role in action observation and imitation. However, the transformation of perspective between the observed (allocentric) and the imitated (egocentric) actions has received little attention. We expand a previously proposed biologically plausible MNS model by incorporating general spatial transformation capabilities that are assumed to be encoded by the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) as well as investigating their interactions with the inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule. The results reveal that the IPS/SPL could process the frame of reference and the viewpoint transformations, and provide invariant visual representations for the temporo-parieto-frontal circuit. This allows the imitator to imitate the action performed by a demonstrator under various perspectives while replicating results from the literatures. Our results confirm and extend the importance of perspective transformation processing during action observation and imitation.

关键词： importance observation transformation

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Assessing the Individual Impact of Magnesia and Titania Nano- Particles on the Performance of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortars

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： El-Kattan, Ibrahim M. Saif, Mohamed S. El-Hariri, Mohamed O.R. Elgandy, Ahmed H. Pérez-Villarejo, Luis Eliche-Quesada, Dolores Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef62511 Egypt Department of Civil Engineering Benha University Shoubra Cairo Egypt Department of Civil Engineering PHI- High Institute Giza Egypt Department of Chemical Environment and Materials Engineering University of Jaén Jaén23071 Spain

The present investigation aims to evaluate the impact of prepared magnesia nanoparticles (MNP) and titania nanoparticles (TNP) on engineering properties of Alkali Activated Cements (AAC) based on granulated blast-furnace slags (GFS). Fresh and hardened properties of AAC-GFS with or without nanoparticles were evaluated. The results showed that both MNP and TNP have a positive impact on the physico-mechanical properties: compressive strength, flexural strength, setting times, dry shrinkage, total porosity and flow rate. Complementary, the M3-MNP (containing 3wt. % MNP) and M1-TNP (containing 1wt. % TNP) mixes revealed the highest mechanical strengths, in addition to a significantly reduction in drying shrinkage, total porosity and flow rate and lower setting times comparing to control samples. This fact can be due to the synergistic formation of CSH gel in parallel with hydrotalcite CH 24 O 23 Mg 6 Al 2 (Hct), CTiSH and C4TiH13 phases, which have a potential impact on the performance of geopolymerization system. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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The Pollutant Removal Capacity of an Urban Street Canyon and its Link to the Breathability and Exchange Velocity

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Procedia engineering 2017年 180卷 443-451页

作者： A. Kubilay M.K.-A. Neophytou S. Matsentides M. Loizou J. Carmeliet Chair of Building Physics Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETHZ Zurich Switzerland Laboratory for Multiscale Studies in Built Environment Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Dübendorf Switzerland Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

The rate of removal of pollutants within simplified urban street canyons is investigated using air flow fields obtained from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the resulting pollutant dispersion. In particular, the link between the pollutant removal capacity and the air-flow exchange velocity, a characteristic velocity widely used to characterize this pollutant removal capacity, is examined. First, velocity fields through a series of homogeneous urban street canyons with flat roofs are obtained using ensemble-averaged PIV measurements as obtained within water channel experiments. The experimental results for the fully-developed street canyon air velocity field are used to drive numerical simulations of turbulent pollutant dispersion from a pollutant release source located within the street canyon. The rate of removal of pollutant from the canyon is deduced from the numerical simulations and analyzed in terms of mean convective and turbulent exchange mechanisms. It is found that rate of pollutant removal as expressed through a pollutant-exchange velocity is dominated by the turbulent pollutant diffusion in the street canyon case. It is found that the air-exchange velocity cannot be used as a representative measure for pollutant removal, since it does not take into account all physics involved in the removal process. It is only a measure for the convective pollutant flux when the pollutants are uniformly distributed in the control volume.

关键词： Water-channel measurements Particle image velocimetry (PIV) Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Pollutant removal Breathability Exchange velocity

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Improved microbial conversion of de-oiled Jatropha waste into biohydrogen via inoculum pretreatment: Process optimization by experimental design approach

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Biofuel Research Journal 2015年第1期2卷 209-214页

作者： Kumar, Gopalakrishnan Bakonyi, Péter Sivagurunathan, Periyasamy Nemestóthy, Nándor Bélafi-Bakó, Katalin Lin, Chiu-Yue Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan Research Institute on Bioengineering Membrane Technology and Energetics University of Pannonia Egyetem u. 10 Veszprém8200 Hungary Department of Environmental Engineering Daegu University Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung40724 Taiwan

In this study various pretreatment methods of sewage sludge inoculum and the statistical process optimization of de-oiled jatropha waste have been reported. Peak hydrogen production rate (HPR) and hydrogen yield (HY) of 0.36 L H2/L-d and 20 mL H2/g Volatile Solid (VS) were obtained when heat shock pretreatment (95 °C, 30 min) was employed. Afterwards, an experimental design was applied to find the optimal conditions for H2 production using heat-pretreated seed culture. The optimal substrate concentration, pH and temperature were determined by using response surface methodology as 205 g/L, 6.53 and 55.1 °C, respectively. Under these circumstances, the highest HPR of 1.36 L H2/L-d was predicted. Verification tests proved the reliability of the statistical approach. As a result of the heat pretreatment and fermentation optimization, a significant (~ 4 folds) increase in HPR was achieved. PCR-DGGE results revealed that Clostridium sp. were majorly present under the optimal conditions. © 2015 BRTeam.

关键词： Optimization

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Synthesis and characterization of thiolated hexanoyl glycol chitosan as a mucoadhesive thermogelling polymer

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Biomaterials Research 2018年第1期22卷 249-258页

作者： Cho, Ik Sung Oh, Hye Min Cho, Myeong Ok Jang, Bo Seul Cho, Jung-Kyo Park, Kyoung Hwan Kang, Sun-Woong Huh, Kang Moo Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34134 South Korea Predictive Model Research Center Korea Institute of Toxicology 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 South Korea Ezlab 120 Heungdeokjungang-ro Giheung-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 16950 South Korea Human and Environmental Toxicology Program University of Science and Technology 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea

Background: Mucoadhesive polymers, which may increase the contact time between the polymer and the tissue, have been widely investigated for pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, we developed a new polysaccharidebased mucoadhesive polymer with thermogelling properties. Methods: Hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC), a new thermogelling polymer, was synthesized by the chemical modification of glycol chitosan using hexanoic anhydride. The HGC was further modified to include thiol groups to improve the mucoadhesive property of thermogelling HGC. The degree of thiolation of the thiolated HGCs (SHHGCs) was controlled in the range of 5-10% by adjusting the feed molar ratio. The structure of the chemically modified polymers was characterized by ¹H NMR and ATR-FTIR. The sol-gel transition, mucoadhesiveness, and biocompatibility of the polymers were determined by a tube inverting method, rheological measurements, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests, respectively. Results: The aqueous solution (4 wt%) of HGC with approximately 33% substitution showed a sol-gel transition temperature of approximately 41 °C. SH-HGCs demonstrated lower sol-gel transition temperatures (34 ± 1 and 31 ± 1 °C) compared to that of HGC due to the introduction of thiol groups. Rheological studies of aqueous mixture solutions of SH-HGCs and mucin showed that SH-HGCs had stronger mucoadhesiveness than HGC due to the interaction between the thiol groups of SH-HGCs and mucin. Additionally, we confirmed that the thermogelling properties might improve the mucoadhesive force of polymers. Several in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that SHHGCs showed little toxicity at concentrations of 0.1-1.0 wt%, indicating good biocompatibility of the polymers. Conclusions: The resultant thiolated hexanoyl glycol chitosans may play a crucial role in mucoadhesive applications in biomedical areas. © The Author(s).

关键词： Chemical modification Hexanoyl glycol chitosan Mucoadhesive polymer Rheological measurements Thermogelling property Thiolation

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Sub-structure Characteristic Mode Analysis of Microstrip Antennas Using a Global Multi-trace Formulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhao, Ran Lu, Yuyu Cheng, Guang Shang Zhu, Wei Hu, Jun Bagci, Hakan Chengdu611731 China The Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia The Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui University Hefei230601 China The Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Target Recognition and Feature Extraction Lu’an237010 China Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

A characteristic mode (CM) method that relies on a global multi-trace formulation (MTF) of surface integral equations is proposed to compute the modes and the resonance frequencies of microstrip patch antennas with finite dielectric substrates and ground planes. Compared to the coupled formulation of electric field and Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai integral equations, global MTF allows for more direct implementation of a sub-structure CM method. This is achieved by representing the coupling of the electromagnetic fields on the substrate and ground plane in the form of a numerical Green function matrix, which yields a more compact generalized eigenvalue equation. The resulting sub-structure CM method avoids the cumbersome computation of the multilayered medium Green function (unlike the CM methods that rely on mixed-potential integral equations) and the volumetric discretization of the substrate (unlike the CM methods that rely on volume-surface integral equations), and numerical results show that it is a reliable and accurate approach to predicting the modal behavior of electromagnetic fields on practical microstrip antennas. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Antibacterial Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanopowders: A Comparative Study of Green and Soft Chemical Synthesis

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Advances in materials science and engineering 2022年第0期2022卷

作者： Siriya Pushpa, K. Catherine Sakthivel, P. Saravanakumar, K. Anuradha, N. Sankaranarayanan, R.K. Paulraj, Mosae Selvakumar Post-Graduate and Research Department of Physics Bon Secours College for Women Tamil Nadu Thanjavur613006 India Centre for Materials Science Department of Physics Science and Humanities Faculty of Engineering Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore641021 India Mallasamudram Tamil Nadu Namakkal637503 India Centre for Nano Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Chennai Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Kundrathur600069 India AUW Chemistry Hub Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chattogram Bangladesh

Zinc oxide, a well-known inorganic metal oxide in nanoparticle form, has outstanding antibacterial properties. In this work, the authors focus on determining ZnO nanoparticles’ structural, optical, and antibacterial activity. A simple soft chemical route synthesizes C-ZnO nanoparticles chemically, while the green synthesis method is used to prepare G-ZnO nanoparticles. Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extract was used to prepare G-ZnO nanopowders. These samples are investigated and compared in terms of their structural, morphological, optical, and antibacterial properties. According to XRD investigations, the synthesized ZnO nanopowders possess a hexagonal structure. The particle size of G-ZnO is smaller than that of C-ZnO nanoparticles. The XPS result revealed the binding and interactions between molecules. The FTIR study confirmed the presence of molecules and their vibrations. UV-vis-DRS spectroscopy was used to investigate optical properties such as reflectance and band gap. The grain size of the G-ZnO nanopowders was decreased, and oxygen vacancy was produced. The antibacterial efficiency of plant extracts against two different bacterial strains, S. aureus (Gram-positive) and *** (Gram-negative), has been studied and reported. Copyright © 2022 K. Catherine Siriya Pushpa et al.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles

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Far-Field Subwavelength Acoustic Computational Imaging with a Single Detector

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第1期18卷 014046-014046页

作者： Yuan Tian Hao Ge Xiu-Juan Zhang Xiang-Yuan Xu Ming-Hui Lu Yun Jing Yan-Feng Chen National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China The Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

Acoustic imaging techniques suffer from the diffraction limit due to the loss of evanescent waves that carry subwavelength information of objects. To overcome the diffraction limit, the evanescent components have to be collected and measured. Most of the existing methods targeting this task rely on expensive detector arrays and inefficient near-field point-by-point scanning. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the realization of a far-field acoustic subwavelength imaging method based on a single stationary detector. Specifically, we utilize a series of masks to structure the detected field, so that the evanescent wave information is encoded into the propagating waves due to spatial frequency convolution between the object and masks. Our study shows that, by combining the principles of computational imaging and metalens, high-quality images of a subwavelength object can be reconstructed in the far field, even in the presence of unwanted scatterers. Our work provides a robust method for far-field acoustic subwavelength imaging, which could bring possibilities for acoustic microscopy and could further be applied to medical ultrasonography, underwater sonar, and ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation.

关键词： Acoustic metamaterials Acoustic modeling Acoustics Ghost imaging

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Monitoring the navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第4期114卷 95-104页

作者： Smith, DE Breslin, DA Toms, GS Norton, P DENNIS E. SMITH PH.D. is currently a statistical consultant for GEO-CENTERS INC. He received a B.A. in Mathematics (magna cum laude)from Wabash College and an M.S. in mathematics an M.S. in statistics and a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Wisconsin. From November 1973 until February 1999 he was president and principal statistician at Desmatics Inc. where he participated in a number of studies involving the application of statistical methods to various technical problems in the Navy's environmental-protection and auxiliary-machinery programs. Dr. Smith was instrumental in developing the statistical procedures underlying the Navy's ODS reserve monitoring plan. DAVID A. BRESLIN P.E. is the director of technical operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and chairs the ASNE/SNAME Joint Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech a master of engineering administration in industrial and systems engineering from Virginia Tech and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC and Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. GREGORY S. TOMS P.E. is the CFC &Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center)where he worked on the development of advanced cent

The domestic production of the most powerful ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy has adopted a successful strategy for addressing the threat posed by the unavailability of ODSs. That strategy includes relying on a strategic reserve of ODSs. Considering that the strategic reserve will play a critical role in sustained Fleet operations into the middle of the century, it is important to record the history of the reserve and to document lessons learned in order to educate future generations that may face similar challenges. This is the third of three papers that cover all aspects of the Navy's strategic reserve of ODSs. Breslin (1999) documented the history of the Navy's effort to size, establish, and monitor a reserve designed to support Fleet operations until the middle of the century. Breslin, Smith, and Toms (2000) addressed in detail the process used to estimate the required size of the reserve, including the survey method, statistical analyses, and sizing algorithms. This paper discusses the Navy's plan for monitoring the Navy's strategic reserves of ODSs and describes the methods used in the monitoring process. In particular it discusses the underlying assumptions and statistical techniques associated with the Navy's prediction of the expected drawdown of the reserves. A comparison of actual data, collected since the strategic reserves began operations in 1995, with the predicted reserve drawdown, is included in the paper.

关键词： Marine engineering

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