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Effects of Angular Fillers on Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Battery

Journal of materials science & Technology 2016年第11期32卷 1117-1121页

作者： Meng Wang Anh V.Le Yang Shi Daniel J.Noelle Hyojung Yoon Minghao Zhang Y.Shirley Meng Yu Qiao Department of Structural Engineering University of California-San Diego Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California-San Diego Department of Nanoengineering University of California-San Diego

By adding 1 wt% damage homogenizer（DH）, i.e. carbon black microparticles, into the electrodes of lithiumion batteries, thermal runaway can be mitigated as the battery cells are subjected to impact loadings. In a drop tower test, the generated heat of the modified cells is reduced by nearly 40%, compared with the reference cells. This phenomenon may be attributed to the weakening effect of the carbon black *** shape of the filler grains does not have a pronounced influence on the temperature profile.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Thermal runaway Micro-particulate Nail Impact

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Meteorological data implications modeling on evapotranspiration variability in arid and semi-arid zones in Saudi Arabia using hybrid metaheuristic

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Noureddine, Oulad Naoui Mohamed, Sekkoum El Amine, Cherif Alzaed, Ali Gedfew, Meseret Abeje Ghoneim, Sherif S. M. Hussein, Enas E. Materials Energy Systems Technology and Environment Laboratory Department of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering University Ghardaia Bounoura Algeria Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Amar Telidji University P. O. Box 37.G Laghouat 03000 Algeria Water Management and Treatment Laboratory University of Science and Technology of Oran Mohamed Boudiaf B.P. 1505 El M’Naouer Oran Algeria Architectural Engineering Program - Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Technology Debre Markos University P. O. Box 269 Debre Markos Ethiopia Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Water Management Research Institute National Water Research Center Shubra El-Kheima 13411 Egypt

This work is unique and contributes new knowledge to the field whereas it involves introducing a new method based on coupling two or three stochastic models, analyzing new data represented by drought and flooding risk relationship, and addressing a previously unexplored research question: Can we make a decision regarding future evapotranspiration-flooding risk relationship? In this paper, the Bat algorithm (BAT) with the Newton Method (NM), Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CSO) are used as a hybrid model in arid and semi-arid zones in Saudi Arabia as well as for modeling rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation implications on evapotranspiration variability. Coupling between aridity and evapotranspiration over a long time can create flooding risks. This holistic modeling aims to reduce flooding risks and ensure the desired decision. Several models were employed to simulate some basins’ Potential and Actual evapotranspiration as case studies. The meteorological inputs of the hybrid models were calibrated and validated with metric evaluation for input and output of evapotranspiration, respectively. The results suggest that the application of a hybrid model can improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration simulations in terms of statistical parameters, whereas BAT–GA–NM reduced MAPE from 38.88 to 4.16% for Mekkah and from 14.94 to 2.04% for Medina and NSCE from − 0.17 to 0.97 for Mekkah and from 0.82 to 0.99%. Those parameters will provide a better understanding of evapotranspiration processes in watersheds and valuable information for early warnings of flooding risks. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Hybrid metaheuristic Modeling Rainfall Solar radiation data Temperature

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RIGOR, AND PLAN-VIEW SIMULATION OF SURFACES

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ULTRAMICROSCOPY 1991年第3-4期38卷 325-332页

作者： MARKS, LD Center for Surface Radiation Damage Studies Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

This paper discusses the rigor of simulating plan-view images of surfaces using numerical multislice calculations. In particular, the validity of using a conventional multislice approach with individual atomic slices is tested versus a three-dimensional muitislice with the top and bottom surfaces specifically included;the result is that the two are identical when inelastic scattering is neglected and almost identical when it is included. These results also demonstrate that inelastic scattering cannot be neglected for surface plan-view simulations. For instance, the bulk-forbidden, surface-allowed spots are shown to correspond to true bulk Bloch waves which are damped in thicker crystals consistent with experimental observations. The existence of a strong top-bottom effect is also pointed out, which means that plan-view imaging is more sensitive to the bottom surface except in exceedingly thin crystals.

关键词： Surfaces

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PHASE-TRANSITION KINETICS IN DIET OF VANADIUM PENTOXIDE .1. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

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SURFACE science 1993年第3期280卷 369-374页

作者： AI, R FAN, HJ MARKS, LD Center for Surface Radiation Damage Studies Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

Experimental results of the kinetics of phase transformation in vanadium pentoxide during surface loss of oxygen from electron irradiation are described. Phase transformations under three different regimes were examined: (a) low flux;(b) intermediate flux and (c) high flux. Different phase transformation routes were observed under different fluxes. In a companion paper, numerical calculations are presented demonstrating that these results are due to a mixed interface/diffusion controlled phase transition pumped by surface oxygen loss.

关键词： Vanadium compounds

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The ORR electron transfer kinetics control via Co-N_(x) and graphitic N sites in cobalt single atom catalysts in alkaline and acidic media

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 184-194页

作者： Tong Shen Xiaoxiao Huang Shibo Xi Wei Li Shengnan Sun Yanglong Hou Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology(BIC-ESAT) Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices(BKLMMD)School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100081China Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100081China Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 627833Singapore

Cost-effective 3d transition metal(TM) based single atom catalysts(SACs) for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) are potential alternatives for Pt-based electrocatalysts in fuel cells and metal-air *** the effects of SACs’ properties and active site composition on the catalytic performance is significant to construct highly efficient catalysts. Here, we successfully promote the activity of cobalt single atoms decorated on N-doped carbon nanosheets via tuning the content of different nitrogen components, which outperforms most reported cobalt SACs. The activity and kinetics show positive correlation trends with the content of Co-Nxand graphitic N, serving as the main active ***, ORR kinetics in alkaline media can be positively affected by the conductivity of catalysts while no similar relation is observed in acidic media. The slight loss of Co-Nxsites engenders a mild change of performance in alkaline media, while the decrease of Co-Nxsite activity due to chemical oxidation of carbon support and the loss of Co-Nxsites in acidic media exacerbate the degradation of performance. Our work provides an insight into the relation between ORR electron transfer kinetics and active sites in 3d TM based SACs.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction Single-atom electrocatalysts Electron transfer kinetics Active sites Degradation mechanism

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A new approach to fracture toughness analysis and its application to ABS polymers

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JOURNAL OF materials RESEARCH 1991年第6期6卷 1369-1373页

作者： NI, BYH ZHANG, TY LI, JCM [a1 ]Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627

A new approach is proposed to analyze the fracture behavior with crack tip plasticity by the use of three independent measurements: E0 is the energy required per unit length of crack front to prepare the crack just before propagation;the E(f)-curve is a plot of the energy required to produce a unit area of fractured surface versus the crack length;and the K(a)-curve is a plot of the applied stress intensity factor K(Iapp) versus the crack length. For ABS polymers, the prefracture energy E0 is 33 Jm-1;the E(f)-curve is a horizontal line of 5.2 x 10(4) Jm-2;and the K(a) curve has three different regions which depend on the development of the plastic zone during fracture.

关键词： ABS Resins

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INFLUENCE OF MARTENSITE-TRANSFORMATION STRAIN ON THE DUCTILITY OF DUAL-PHASE STEELS

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ACTA METALLURGICA 1983年第4期31卷 609-617页

作者： BOURELL, DL RIZK, A Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 U.S.A.

The austenite-to-martensite transformation expansion during quenching of steels from intercritical temperatures results in plastic deformation of a region of ferrite near each martensite particle. The localized ferrite plastic strain lowers slightly the overall ductility of the ferrite and, hence, the dual-phase steel. The extent to which this occurs was investigated theoretically by determining the extent of the ferrite plastic zone, the average dislocation density within that zone, the effective overall increase in ferrite dislocation density and an associated strain ε dm . The value ε dm , when incorporated into a previous derivation of composite true uniform strain, was found to decrease the ductility of dual-phase steels. The magnitude of this decrease was largest for martensite volume fractions between 0.3 and 0.5 and was determined to be less than 0.02. La dilatation à la transformation de l'austénite en martensite au cours de la trempe des aciers à partir de températures intercritiques conduit à la déformation plastique d'une région de ferrite au voisinage de chaque particule de martensite. La déformation plastique localisée de la ferrite abaisse légèrement la ductilité générale de la ferrite et donc de l'acier diphasé. Nous avons étudié théoriquement dans quelle mesure ceci se produisait en déterminant la grandeur de la zone plastique ferritique, la densité moyenne de dislocations dans cette zone, l'accroissement effectif total de la densité de dislocations dans la ferrite et une déformation associée ε dm . La valeur de ε dm , introduite dans un calcul anténeein de la déformation uniforme vraie d'un composite, abaissait la ductilité des aciers diphasés. Cette diminution était maximale pour des fractions volumiques de martensite comprises entre 0,3 et 0,5 et elle était inférieure à 0,02. Die Umwandlung von Austenit in Martensit führt während des Abschreckens eines Stahles von interkritischen Temperaturen zu Dehnungen, durch die der Ferrit im bereich der mart

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Boosting overall water splitting by incorporating sulfur into NiFe(oxy)hydroxide

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 364-371,I0010页

作者： Chiho Kim Seong Hyun Kim Seunghun Lee Ilyeong Kwon Seong Hyun Kim Shinho kim Changgyu Seok Yoo Sei Park Yangdo Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea BK21 Four Innovative Graduate Education Program for Global High-tech Materials&PartsPusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH).Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Developing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a significant challenge for overall water ***-incorporated nickel iron(oxy)hydroxide(S-NiFeOOH)nanosheets were directly grown on commercial nickel foam using a galvanic corrosion method and a hydrothermal *** incorporation of sulfur into NiFeOOH enhanced the catalytic activity for the HER and OER in 1 M KOH *** enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the change in the local structure and chemical states due to the incorporation of *** performance for overall water splitting was achieved with an alkaline water *** was realized by employing S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst,thereby outperforming a water electrolyzer that requires the usage of precious metal electrocatalysts(i.e.,Pt/C as the HER electrocatalyst and IrO_(2) as the OER electrocatalyst).Moreover,when driven by a commercial silicon solar cell,an alkaline water electrolyzer that uses S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst generated hydrogen under natural *** study shows that S-NiFeOOH is a promising candidate for a large-scale industrial implementation of hydrogen production for overall water splitting because of its low cost,high activity,and *** addition,the solar-driven water electrolyzer using S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst affords the opportunity for developing effective and feasible solar power systems in the future.

关键词： Overall water splitting Hydrogen production Sulfur incorporated NiFe(oxy)hydroxide Electrocatalysts Solar-driven water splitting

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GAMMA-RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE STRENGTH OF A BOROSILICATE GLASS

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 1983年第5期66卷 311-313页

作者： ZDANIEWSKI, WA EASLER, TE BRADT, RC Ceramic Science and Engineering Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 Member the American Ceramic Society.

The effects of 60 Co gamma radiation on the strength-related mechanical properties of a borosilicate glass were examined. Although the glass darkened considerably, only a very slight densification was observed after irradiation to levels of 10 8 rads. The strength distributions were not appreciably changed by the irradiation, nor was the calculated slow crack growth parameter, or N value. Neither did radiation affect the elastic modulus or the fracture toughness of the glass. Gamma radiation does not affect the strength below 10 8 rads.

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PYROLYTIC DEGRADATION studies OF A COAL-DERIVED AND A PETROLEUM-DERIVED AVIATION JET FUEL

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ENERGY & FUELS 1993年第2期7卷 234-243页

作者： SONG, CS ESER, S SCHOBERT, HH HATCHER, PG Fuel Science Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania 16802 209 Academic Projects Building University Park United States

The future high-Mach aircraft requires advanced jet fuel with high stability in rigorous thermal environments. In this work high-temperature thermal stability of two JP-8 type jet fuels, a petroleum-derived JP-8P and a coal-derived JP-8C was studied by stressing in closed reactors at 450-degrees-C under 0.7 MPa of N2 for periods ranging from 0.5 to 16 h. The extents of fuel degradation in terms of liquid depletion, gas formation, and solid deposition were always higher with JP-8P than with JP-8C. There appeared an induction period for solid formation, which was longer for JP-8C than for JP-8P. Tests with the saturates isolated chromatographically from these fuels indicated that JP-8C saturates are much more stable than the JP-8P saturates, and the higher stability of JP-8C is due to its composition. JP-8C is rich in one- to three-ring cycloalkanes and two-ring hydroaromatics, while JP-8P is composed mainly of long-chain paraffins. GC-MS provided valuable information on the relative stability and molecular transformation of hydrocarbon components in these jet fuels. Cycloalkanes;were found to be more stable than long-chain paraffins with the same carbon number. The stability decreases with increasing length of main chain for the long-chain paraffins, or side chain for alkylcycloalkanes. Multisubstituted cycloalkanes are more stable than the monosubstituted ones with the same carbon number. Steric conformation of cycloalkanes also affects their reactivity;for decalin, the trans isomer was found to be more stable than the cis isomer. The higher stability of JP-8C can be attributed mainly to its higher content of cycloalkanes. Tetralins and decalins present in JP-8C also contribute to capping the thermally generated reactive radicals by hydrogen donation.

关键词： Aircraft fuels

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