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2022 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Lee, Suhyun Choi, Woong Kim, Jae Hyung Hwang, Yun Jeong Na, Jonggeol Ewha Womans University School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Graduate program in System Health Science and Engineering Korea Republic of Clean Energy Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Seoul National University School of Chemistry Korea Republic of Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Material science Advanced Manufacturing Systems Laboratory Korea Republic of

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Increased light-emission efficiency in disordered (In,Ga)N through the correlated reduction of recombination rates

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第6期20卷 064049-064049页

作者： Nick Pant Emmanouil Kioupakis Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

Experiments have shown that the light-emission efficiency of indium gallium nitride [(In,Ga)N] light-emitting diodes improves with increasing indium concentration. It is widely thought that compositional fluctuations due to indium incorporation suppress diffusion of carriers to nonradiative centers, thus leading to defect-insensitive emission. However, recent experiments have challenged this hypothesis by revealing unexpectedly long diffusion lengths at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate an alternative mechanism involving the correlated reduction in radiative and nonradiative recombination rates that explains the increase in light-emission efficiency of (In,Ga)N with increasing indium concentration, without invoking the suppression of carrier diffusion. Our analysis challenges the notion that carrier localization gives rise to defect tolerance in (In,Ga)N.

关键词： Carrier generation & recombination Optoelectronics Weak localization Disordered alloys III-V semiconductors LEDs Density functional calculations Schroedinger equation

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Effects of population pressures on the design capacity and effluent quality of the Nkowankowa wastewater treatment works in South Africa

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Discover Environment 2025年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Masekela, Mahlodi Esther Maduna, Lusiwe Zamokuhle Shiba, Nothando Cynthia Thabethe, Nomsa Baloyi, Ntsako Dellas Sekhohola-Dlamini, Lerato Chabalala, Yingisani Shale, Karabo Leeto-La-Africa Community Engagement Scholarship Project (CU_1600) Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of South Africa Tshwane 0002 South Africa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Building Science Florida Campus University of South Africa Roodepoort 1710 South Africa Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Florida Campus University of South Africa Roodepoort 1710 South Africa School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies College of Graduate Studies University of South Africa Pretoria 0001 South Africa

This study investigated the effects of population growth on the performance of Nkowankowa Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Four-year (2020–2023) effluent quality data obtained from the Nkowankowa WWTW was compared with the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) general limit standards for effluent discharge. Performance of the WWTWs was assessed using three (Compliance Monitoring, Wastewater Treatment, and Effluent Quality Compliance) key performance areas (KPAs) as outlined in the South African Green Drop standards. Numerical data was analysed using descriptive statistics (Microsoft Excel). The results revealed that Nkowankowa population has more than doubled (from ~ 42 859 to ~ 110 963 people) since the construction of the WWTW, and this has put enormous pressure on the plant’s design operational capacity (from 4.5 to 17.75 ML/day). During this period, various effluent parameters were non-compliant and exceeded the limits with the following maximum values: E. coli 2,233.85 counts per 100 ml, Ammonia 137.00 mg/L, Orthophosphate 38.25 mg/L, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 115.62 mg/L. Nkowankowa WWTW was found to be non-compliant in all three KPAs with an overall score of 32%, which is classified as a high risk as per the Green Drop standards. Moreover, the effluent quality improved over the years with the increase in the population. This study concluded that there were other factors which contributed to the non-performance of WWTW other than population increase. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Compliance monitoring Effluent quality Performance Population growth Wastewater treatment works

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Preparation of Graphene Aerogel for Application in Solar Energy Harvesting

Preparation of Graphene Aerogel for Application in Solar Ene...

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2022 Advances in science and engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2022

作者： Alhammadi, Alya Alnaqbi, Amna Almarashda, Meera Alasad, Shamma Alashkar, Adnan Inayat, Abrar Abdelkareem, Mohammad Alami, Abdul Hai University of Sharjah Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Mechanical Engineering Department Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781665418010

In this paper, Graphene Aerogel (GA) is prepared and investigated for its potential employment for solar energy harvesting applications. GA can be applied in solar cells applications as an absorption material and as a catalyst for fuel cells. GA is characterized by its extraordinary electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, in addition to a large surface and a low density. The electrical, mechanical, thermal, and absorption characteristics of GA can be tuned depending on the manufacturing process. Hence, GA is utilized in a multitude of applications such as: supercapacitors, air purification, oil and dye absorption from water, and water waste treatment. GA is also an excellent candidate for superior electrodes. In addition, GA are environmentally friendly materials since they are 100% recyclable and do not produce any ozone-depleting compounds. In this paper, GA is synthesized, characterized, and assessed for solar energy harvesting applications with the aid of absorption and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. Results show that GA has immense potential in solar application due to its low band gap and outstanding optical and electrochemical properties. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cyclic voltammetry

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Controllable Construction of 3d-Honeycomb-Like Porous Carbon Network as High-Performance Cathodes for Promoting Zn-Ion Storage Capability

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Qian Wang, Tongde Shu, Tie Pan, Xiaoyi Tao, Yousheng College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Multi-scale Porous Materials Center Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

Inheriting the energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors and rechargeable ion batteries, zinc ion capacitors (ZICs), greatly increase the energy density at high power without sacrificing life. However, the sluggish kinetics and the insufficient active sites for Zn2+ storage induced by the significant mismatch of charge carriers with limited pore size, which hinder the efficient Zn2+ storage and smooth application of carbonaceous cathode materials. Herein, a three-dimension Honeycomb-like porous carbon network (HPCN) has been fabricated, which can reduce the diffusion barrier for fast kinetics, produce high-density defect area, effectively increase active sites for charge storage, but also generate a high nitrogen-doping content. Benefiting from these advantages, the optimized ZICs bring out a marvelous energy /power density (130 W h kg−1 /11.7 kW kg−1) with an ultrahigh reliable cyclability of 97.8% after 50 000 cycles at a high current density of 5A g−1. Importantly, the systematic ex situ characterization combined with theoretical calculations demonstrate that the outstanding Zn2+ storage capacity is attributed to the synergistic effect of physical co-adsorption of cations and reversible chemisorption. This work presents an attractive strategy for developing advanced carbon cathodes with suitable pore and accelerate the exploration of charge storage mechanisms, which may open a new avenue for practical supercapacitors. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Thermally Conductivity Study of One Micron AlN Deposition by Bipolar High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering

Thermally Conductivity Study of One Micron AlN Deposition by...

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IEEE International Conference on Interconnect Technology

作者： Ping-Che Lee Aaron J. McLeod Mingeun Cho Diego Vaca Satish Kumar Andrew C. Kummel Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego Georgia Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350385175

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385182

High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS) has emerged as a promising technique for the deposition of thin films with superior properties. In this study, HIPIMS was combined with a positive target bias (Kick voltage) process to enhance AlN film quality further. Aluminum Nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited using this method and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The thermal properties of the films were investigated using Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance (FDTR). The results show that the HIPIMS plus Kick process significantly improves the film quality, leading to enhanced thermal conductivity (112 W/m·K) compared to conventional techniques. This work demonstrates the potential of HIPIMS in producing high-quality thin films with improved thermal properties, making it suitable for various applications in electronics and thermal management.

关键词： Thermal management of electronics Transmission electron microscopy Microscopy Magnetic domains Thermoreflectance Conductivity Thermal conductivity III-V semiconductor materials Sputtering Aluminum nitride

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Reconfiguring Surface Acoustic Wave Microfluidics via In Situ Control of Elastic Wave Polarization

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第3期134卷 037002-037002页

作者： Yu Gao (郜煜) Thomas Voglhuber-Brunnmaier Yuekang Li Leyla Akh Nicholas H. Patino Apresio Kefin Fajrial Massimo Ruzzene Bernhard Jakoby Xiaoyun Ding Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Biomedical Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We demonstrate in situ control of the elastic wave polarization in a surface acoustic wave (SAW). It allows us to create highly reconfigurable SAW microfluidics that can be switched on demand between the acoustohydrodynamic (AHD) regime and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) regime for manipulating particles and cells. The control of wave polarization comes from our experimental and theoretical identification of an unexpected shear-horizontal (SH) wave mode in a conventional Rayleigh (R) wave design, which is stereotyped to excite only vertically polarized Rayleigh SAWs. The SH wave mode is predominantly horizontally polarized and can be selectively excited to propagate in the same direction as the Rayleigh SAW. Such a selective wave generation between the SH mode and R mode allows for reconfiguration between AHD and EHD regimes that leads to unprecedented colloidal patterns and assembly dynamics. Such a reconfiguration of the particle manipulation mechanism can be explained by the controllable competition or synergism between the coexisting acoustic and electric fields. Remarkably, in the EHD regime, a virtual zero-boundary electric quadrupole is created, and a novel colloidal diamond-shaped assembly is observed in this piezoelectric-quadrupole trap, which was rarely reported in acoustic or electric microfluidics. The presented in situ control of polarization revolutionizes our understanding of SAW and acoustofluidics, expands its potential by assuming the advantages of AHD and EHD on demand, and inspires new strategies in micro- and nanoscale manufacturing and manipulation, with applications beyond fundamental scientific interest.

关键词： Microfluidics

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In-depth Li+ transportation in three-dimensionalized nanodiamond network for improved liquid and solid lithium metal batteries

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Nano Energy 2023年 110卷

作者： Li, Zhendong Liang, Wenjun Chen, Jiahe Song, Libo Xiong, Tengpeng Xie, Weiping Wu, Sudong Hu, Di Yao, Xiayin Peng, Zhe Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China

Confining lithium (Li) deposition in three-dimensional scaffold is commonly employed to suppress Li dendrite and enhance the cycling stability of next generation Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, the efficiency of this strategy is often degraded under lean-Li conditions, due to the serious precipitation of deposited Li on the top surface of the electronic conducting scaffold such as carbon or metal matrix. Here it is found that building an insulating interlayer on the scaffold but with a high Li+ transfer dynamism, can be a promising strategy to address the above challenge. We successfully three-dimensionalize an insulating and robust nanodiamond (ND) network on carbon paper (CP) via chemical vapor deposition, which not only retards the electron transfer to avoid the top Li precipitation, but also exhibits impressive Li affinity and mobility to undergo an in-depth Li+ transportation throughout the scaffold. Based on this advanced three-dimensionalized ND network, the Li anode performance in CP@ND significantly exceeds that in the traditional carbon fiber matrix, particularly under lean-Li conditions. Furthermore, the application of CP@ND leads to a sharply improved cyclability of all-solid-state LMBs, establishing a novel guideline of protecting Li anode in the electrolyte-mobility-limited environment. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Lithium

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Pulsing-Induced Healing of a Surface Crack of a Nickel-Based Alloy

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Qian Quan, Mingming Tan, Zhen Liu, Ming Wang, Dianlong Yang, Xiao Liu, Ying Mao, Yaning Liang, Zhimin Yang, Fuqian Wang, Liwei School of Material Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang050018 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology Shijiazhuang050018 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China HBIS Group Materials Institute HBIS Group Hebei Shijiazhuang050023 China Materials Program Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky LexingtonKY40506 United States School of Material Science and Engineering Australia

In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying electric pulses to heal surface cracks on Ni-based GH4169 alloy under compressive load. There exists an incubation time for the onset of the healing of a crack, which is associated with local temperature at the crack tip. The crack size decreases with increasing the pulsing time at a constant healing rate prior to complete healing of the crack. Increasing compressive load accelerates the healing process. The electric pulsing leads to the formation of an influential zone surrounding the crack with the finest grain sizes in the healed crack and the coarsest grain sizes away from the influential zone. The indentation hardness increases with the increase the distance to the crack tip of the healed crack. A model of viscous flow in the crack channel is proposed for the crack healing. The resultant force on the crack faces due to the crack healing increases with the increase of the healing time and the decrease of the crack width. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crack tips

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Methane reforming reactions for hydrogen production using hydrotalcite precursors and nanofibers based catalysts 12

Methane reforming reactions for hydrogen production using hy...

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12th International Renewable Energy Congress, IREC 2021

作者： Silva, Thamyscira Chaghouri, Muriel Tidahy, Lucette Haingomalala Gennequin, Cedric Abi-Aad, Edmond Cesario, Moises MacEdo, Daniel Dunkerque France Federal University Of Paraiba Materials Science And Engineering Postgraduate Program Joao Pessoa Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665432900

CoNiMg4Al2 catalysts were synthesized using two different methods: solution blow spinning to produce nanofibers (NF), and co-precipitation to produce hydrotalcite precursors (HT). Part of the hydrotalcite sample was ground (GR) using mechanical milling to determine the effect of grinding on the catalytic performance. The three materials (NF, HT and GR) were tested in the dry and steam reforming of methane (DRM, SRM respectively) reactions during 12h stability tests at 700°C. The calcined and the used catalysts were characterized using XRD and DTA/TG analysis. All catalysts were active during the SRM and DRM tests;however, nanofibers showed a slightly higher activity in both reactions. The dry reforming of methane reaction was more susceptible to the formation of carbon deposition leading to the deactivation of the ground catalyst. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Methane

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