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SSRN 2025年

作者： Chong, Poh Yin Wu, Xingzhong Castillo, Gabriel R. Garay, Javier E. Laboratory Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

High-intensity pulsed laser-material interaction is a complicated process involving various laser parameters and material properties, and the coupling of these factors affects material modifications. This study investigates the laser-material interactions of single-crystal alumina (SCA) and transparent polycrystalline alumina (PCA). To understand the underlying mechanism of laser-induced modifications, single-shot irradiations are conducted using an ultrafast laser (λ = 1030 nm, τρ = 490 fs). This experiment focuses on the high-intensity regime from 1012 W/cm2 to 1015 W/cm2, generating high temperatures and pressure causing modifications (melting, ablation, and fracture). While SCA and PCA are fundamentally Al2O3, the difference in microstructure alters the optical and mechanical properties. The ablation depth shows a sublinear power law relationship with laser intensity for both materials although the energy dependence is lower for PCA. The differences can be attributed to different damage mechanisms;the laser-induced craters in SCA exhibit predominantly melting whereas PCA demonstrates fracture-like morphologies. The fracture in PCA is surprising given its higher indent-produced fracture resistance. The differences in fracture behavior can be reconciled considering the much higher pressure application rates produced by laser pulsing. PCA has a lower laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) than SCA. Laser-induced crater area and volume increase linearly with laser fluence and peak intensity. Altering the focusing conditions can change the LIDT and expand the laser processing window. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals

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A novel photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system using nano-enhanced micro-encapsulated PCM slurry for steam production: A numerical study

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2025年 27卷

作者： Azmeer, Ahmed Sheikh, Yahya Kanjo, Hasan A. Sabouni, Hamzeh Physical Science and Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

As industries reliant on steam-based processes strive to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, interest in renewable technologies, particularly photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems that generate both thermal and electrical energy, is increasing. However, the limited thermal performance of PVT systems remains a key barrier. Traditional working fluids, such as water, nanofluids, and phase change material (PCM) slurries, exhibit low thermal conductivity, poor temperature regulation, and inefficient heat storage. To address these issues, a novel working fluid incorporating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles into microencapsulated PCM (MPCM) slurry is proposed. The integration of GO nanoparticles not only enhances the dispersion stability of the MPCM slurry but also significantly increases its thermal conductivity, leading to improved heat dissipation from PV cells. A comprehensive CFD investigation is conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2021, employing an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model to simulate the three-phase flow. In this model, water serves as the primary phase, while GO nanoparticles and MPCM function as secondary dispersed phases. The results demonstrate that increasing the GO volume fraction from 0 to 0.005 reduces average PV cell temperatures by up to 5°C at 40°C. Additionally, the nano-enhanced MPCM slurry achieves a thermal efficiency of 88.1 % and an electrical efficiency of 10.3 %. It is also found that using MPCM slurry as the working fluid, a 15 % volume fraction of MPCM with a melting point of 40°C achieves the highest thermal efficiency of 90.1 %, outperforming water by 20.1 % and surpassing previous studies on MPCM slurry and nanofluids. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Nanofluidics

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The growing memristor industry

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Nature 2025年第8059期640卷 613-622页

作者： Lanza, Mario Pazos, Sebastian Aguirre, Fernando Sebastian, Abu Le Gallo, Manuel Alam, Syed M. Ikegawa, Sumio Yang, J. Joshua Vianello, Elisa Chang, Meng-Fan Molas, Gabriel Naveh, Ishai Ielmini, Daniele Liu, Ming Roldan, Juan B. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Intrinsic Semiconductor Technologies London United Kingdom IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon Switzerland Everspin Technologies Chandler AZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States CEA-Leti Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Electrical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Weebit Nano Hod Hasharon Israel Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano and *** Milano Italy Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores Universidad de Granada Facultad de Ciencias Granada Spain

The semiconductor industry is experiencing an accelerated transformation to overcome the scaling limits of the transistor and to adapt to new requirements in terms of data storage and computation, especially driven by artificial intelligence applications and the Internet of Things. In this process, new materials, devices, integration strategies and system architectures are being developed and optimized. Among them, memristive devices and circuits—memristors are two-terminal memory devices that can also mimic some basic bioelectronic functions—offer a potential approach to create more compact, energy-efficient or better-performing systems. The memristor industry is growing quickly, raising abundant capital investment, creating new jobs and placing advanced products in the market. Here we analyse the status and prospects of the memristor industry, focusing on memristor-based products that are already commercially available, prototypes with a high technological readiness level that might affect the market in the near future, and discuss obstacles and pathways to their implementation. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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Microwave-induced cooling in double quantum dots: Achieving millikelvin temperatures to reduce thermal noise around spin qubits

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Physical Review B 2025年第1期111卷 014305-014305页

作者： Daryoosh Vashaee Jahanfar Abouie Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27606 USA Department of Physics Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences Zanjan 45137-66731 Iran

Spin qubits in gate-defined quantum dots are emerging as a leading technology due to their scalability and long coherence times. However, maintaining these qubits at ultralow temperatures typically requires complex cryogenic systems. This paper proposes a gate-defined double quantum dot (DQD) cooling system, where the DQDs act as refrigerants to reduce the local phonon environment around computational qubits. The cooling process occurs in two distinct stages: the first step involves microwave-induced state depopulation combined with fast cyclic detuning to transfer the DQD's population to the ground state, effectively lowering the DQD's temperature. In the second step, the cooled DQD interacts with and absorbs phonons resonant with the DQD spin energy, thereby filtering out these phonons that contribute to spin-lattice relaxation in the surrounding environment. This study focuses on the first step, presenting detailed calculations and numerical results that demonstrate the feasibility of achieving local DQD temperatures below 10mK at a bath temperature of 1K. The sensitivity of the cooling performance to detuning energy, magnetic field strength, spin-orbit couplings, and diabatic return time is analyzed, while the phonon filtering in the second step will require further investigation.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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Correction to: Emergence of melt and glass states of halide perovskite semiconductors (Nature Reviews materials, (2025), 10.1038/s41578-024-00759-x)

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Nature Reviews materials 2025年

作者： Singh, Akash Mitzi, David B. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC United States University Program in Materials Science and Engineering Duke University DurhamNC United States Department of Chemistry Duke University DurhamNC United States

Correction to: Nature Reviews materialshttps://***/10.1038/s41578-024-00759-x, published online 9 January 2025 In the version of the article initially published, the Acknowledgements section was missing and has now been added to read "This work is supported by the National science Foundation under grant no. DMR-2114117" in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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Interfacial engineering and rapid thermal crystallization of Sb2S3 photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年 108卷 417-426页

作者： Tan, Runfa Hong, Seo Yeong Jeong, Yoo Jae Shin, Seong Sik Cho, In Sun Department of Materials Science & Engineering Ajou University Suwon16499 Cuba Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon16499 Cuba Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80303 United States Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Cuba Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Cuba

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices that generate green hydrogen from sunlight and water. In this study, we present a synthesis of high-performance Sb2S3 photoanodes via an interface-engineered hydrothermal growth followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). A TiO2 interfacial layer plays a crucial role in ensuring homogeneous precursor deposition, enhancing light absorption, and forming efficient heterojunctions with Sb2S3, thereby significantly improving charge separation and transport. RTA further improves crystallinity and interfacial contact, resulting in dense and uniform Sb2S3 films with enlarged grains and fewer defects. The optimized Sb2S3 photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 2.51 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), one of the highest reported for Sb2S3 without additional catalysts or passivation layers. To overcome the limitations of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), we employ the iodide oxidation reaction (IOR) as an alternative, significantly lowering the overpotential and improving charge transfer kinetics. Consequently, it produces a record photocurrent density of 8.9 mA/cm2 at 0.54 V vs. RHE. This work highlights the synergy between TiO2 interfacial engineering, RTA-induced crystallization, and IOR-driven oxidation, offering a promising pathway for efficient and scalable PEC hydrogen production. © 2025 science Press

关键词： Thermal engineering

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Development of a mid-infrared fiber sensor for molecular monitoring 25

Development of a mid-infrared fiber sensor for molecular mon...

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Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics, Treatment, and Environmental Applications XXV 2025

作者： Lee, Tse-Ang Xiao, Zhenyang Burghoff, David P. Hutter, Tanya The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683686

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) optical fiber sensors offer highly specific and sensitive detection and analysis of various chemical species due to many molecular vibrations and fundamental absorption bands in this range. In this paper, we present a novel optical fiber probe design allowing for controlled optical pathlength. The optical fiber probe was fabricated using a silver halide polycrystalline fiber, a gold-coated short fiber as a mirror, and a connector to align the two parts to face each other. The outer diameter of the connector, 1.59 mm, dictates the overall probe diameter. To demonstrate the sensing performance, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) was coupled to the optical fiber probe to measure glucose solutions at physiological concentration levels by monitoring the C-O stretching vibration at 1,035 cm-1. A detection limit of 8.91 mM for glucose was achieved. The results highlight the potential of the proposed optical fiber probe for molecular detection and analysis, offering a promising solution for chemical and biomedical applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Gold coatings

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Positive-tone Tin-oxo Nanoclusters for Extreme UV lithography 42

Positive-tone Tin-oxo Nanoclusters for Extreme UV lithograph...

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Advances in Patterning materials and Processes XLII

作者： Kim, Gayoung Ku, Yejin Jeon, Subin Lee, Jin-Kyun Lee, Seohyun Jung, Byung Jun Lee, Sung-Il Ryu, Choonghan Park, Kangho Jung, Yun Lim Jeong, Changyoung Choi, Jin Program in in Environment and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Seoul Seoul 02504 South Korea Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Semiconductor R&D Center Suwon 18448 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781510686427

In this study, we propose a strategy to achieve positive metal oxide resists (pMORs) based on tin-oxo nanoclusters (TOCs) for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography in high-performance semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing. TOC possesses Lewis acidic properties and becomes more strongly acidic upon ligand dissociation when exposed to high-energy radiation, such as electron beam (e-beam) and EUV. During the subsequent development process using an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), a Lewis base, the exposed regions undergo Lewis acid-base interactions, leading to increased hydrophilicity. Ultimately, this results in enhanced solubility, enabling the formation of positive-tone patterns. To address the limitations of TOCs, particularly in terms of process margin and chemical stability, we mixed TOCs with small organic molecules containing phenolic hydroxyl groups, which act as Lewis bases. This modification effectively mitigated the shortcomings of TOCs. A TOC formulation containing 10% dendritic polyphenol (DPP) exhibited an improved dissolution contrast while simultaneously enhancing chemical stability. Using this in EUV lithography, we successfully achieved high resolution positive-tone patterns with a line width of 13 nm. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： E-beam lithography Extreme UV lithography metal oxide resist Tin-oxo nanocluster

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Sintering-based lithography metal additive manufacturing of chiral mechanical metamaterials with a twist

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 132卷 104-109页

作者： Ruslan Melentiev Ahmed Wagih Bram van der Heijden Gilles Lubineau Carlos A. Grande Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Catalysis Center. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program. Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Metamaterials are a class of materials with extraordinary capabilities derived from their engineered structure. In 2017, Frenzel et al. (science 358, 2017) conceptualized “three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with a twist,” which convert linear deformation into rotational motion—a mechanical response that surpasses the bounds of Cauchy continuum mechanics. However, the lack of suitable manufacturing technologies for producing metallic twist metamaterials has precluded their experimental validation and potential applications to date. Herein, 316L-stainless-steel twist metamaterials are fabricated at various scales using an emerging sintering-based technology—lithography metal manufacturing (LMM) —and their mechanical responses are tested using stereo digital image correlation. Results provide the first empirical evidence of compression-induced rotation in steel twist metamaterials and highlight their sensitivity to manufacturing defects. Download: Download video (753KB) Download: Download video (2MB) Download: Download video (4MB)

关键词： Additive manufacturing sintering stainless steel metamaterials mechanical properties

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Lithography-based additive manufacturing of steel metamaterials: effect of sintering temperature on shape distortion, microstructure and mechanical properties

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 132卷 80-85页

作者： Ruslan Melentiev Ahmed Wagih Gilles Lubineau Carlos A. Grande Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC). King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program. Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Lithography metal manufacturing (LMM) is an emerging sinter-based additive manufacturing (AM) technology for support-free 3D printing of extremely complex parts with micrometric resolution on a decimeter scale. Although the printing phase of LMM is well-established, the sintering stage is challenging due to either high porosity or melting-induced deformation, particularly in thin-walled lattices and metamaterials. This study investigates the effects of sintering temperature on shape distortion, surface morphology, chemistry, porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel auxetic metamaterials 3D printed using LMM and sintered in a furnace customized for precise temperature control. Our results show that the fully dense grain microstructure with high plasticity can be sintering within 1300 – 1325 °C range. Going beyond this temperature results in shape distortion and embrittlement of the steel metamaterials. The previously recommended range of sintering temperatures for 316L steel, 1360 - 1380 °C need revision.

关键词： Additive manufacturing (AM) Debinding Sintering Metal Metamaterials Mechanical properties

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