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Mechanical Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Via Acoustic Impedance Spectroscopy

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ACS Electrochemistry

ACS Electrochemistry 2025年第4期1卷 516-522页

作者： Charles Soulen Stewart Sherrit Erik Brandon Ping Liu Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla California 92093 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena California 91109 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla California 92093 United States；Aiiso Yufeng Li Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla California 92093 United States

The mechanical properties of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are closely related to their state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH). Here, we introduce an in-operando acoustic technique based on acoustic impedance spectroscopy (AIS) which probes the mechanical changes that occur in the LIB during operation. Using thin, inexpensive piezoelectric resonators and widely available impedance analyzers, we can identify the acoustic resonances of commercial LIBs by measuring the complex electrical impedance of the resonator. In-operando AIS shows that these resonances are dependent on the bulk mechanical properties of the LIB, which change reversibly as the cell is cycled. We show that this technique can provide substantial information on both the SOC and SOH of a commercial LIB.

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Low Water Swelling Polyaromatic Proton Exchange Membranes

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Cong Sun, Yujiao Yang, Zhaoji Fan, Jiantao Li, Hui Xu, Shaoyi Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China

A carbon-carbon linked polyaromatic electrolyte was designed and synthesized for proton exchange membranes. The facile synthesis consists of a metal-free Friedel-Crafts polymerization and a direct post-sulfonation. To prevent the random sulfonation, the trifluorobuanone monomer was incorporated as a spacer to sterically confine the sulfonated area. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic separation was observed in the polymer’s microstructure. The membrane (ion exchange capacity = 1.88 mmol g-1) displayed low water swelling (area swelling = 38.0% at 80°C) at a slightly higher proton conductivity than Nafion 212. Tensile strength of 39.3 MPa and elongation at break of 67.0% were confirmed by stress-strain measurements. The membrane electrode assembly afforded an electrolyzing performance of 4.6 A cm-2@2.0 V while Nafion 212 was 3.6 A cm-2@2.0 V under the same testing conditions. The 45 µm film exhibited better stability than Nafion 212 (~50 µm) both in the preliminary in-situ cyclic accelerated stress test and the 800-h galvanostatic evaluation. The degradation rate of our thin membrane in the 800-h test was comparable to that of Nafion 115 (~125 µm). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polymerization

Z-Laminating Assembly of Graphene Nanoflakes for Super-Strong Membranes and Functional Coatings

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ACS Applied Nano materials 2024年第13期7卷 14957-14963页

作者： Santos, Ian Daniell Tjarks, Patrick Muthu, Jeyavelan Lin, You-Chen Yen, Zhi-Long Chand, Pradyumna Kumar Raman, Radha Nguyen, Dinh Tuan Rouhani, Mehdi Jeng, Yeau-Ren Hsieh, Ya-Ping Hofmann, Mario Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18200 Czech Republic Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Physics National Central University Taoyuan 320 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Central University Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University 1 University Road Tainan 70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng-Kung University (NCKU) Tainan 70101 Taiwan

We demonstrate the strengthening of graphene, an atomically thin carbon allotrope, by out-of-plane folding. Through lateral confinement of graphene at the water-air interface, nanoscale buckling was induced in suspended flakes, leading to an unexpected folding transition beyond a critical surface pressure. The emergence of folding was confirmed by in situ Brewster angle reflectivity and ex situ microscopy, showing a unique “z-laminated” nanostructure. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that z-lamination yields an enhanced adhesion between neighboring flakes compared to lateral sliding, which was confirmed by a surface pressure hysteresis during the folding process. Mechanical testing reveals superior Young’s modulus and yield strength when compared to conventional graphene assemblies and even compared to composites. We demonstrate the potential of the z-lamination approach for applications in graphene-based structural materials, tribological layers, and functional electrochemical coatings. Finally, the complete recyclability of z-laminated graphene opens up new routes toward sustainable nanostructured materials. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： 2D materials composites laminated graphene membranes recyclable

Effect of Zr-deoxidation on microstructure and mechanical behavior of microalloyed heavy plates with low impurity content

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第2期28卷 190-200页

作者： Cheng-yang Hu Hang-yu Dong Kai-ming Wu R.D.K.Misra Lei Zhong Xing Jin Qiang Li Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research Materials Science and Engineering ProgramDepartment of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl Paso 79968TXUSA The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy International Research Institute for Steel TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Advanced SteelsWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Research Institute of Nanjing Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210035JiangsuChina

The significance of different deoxidation practises on the ductility and impact toughness of next generation of microalloyed heavy plates was elucidated to explore the best deoxidation practice in obtaining required mechanical properties,which was judged by the combined effects of composition,size and number density of inclusions on the ductility of the experimental high-strength low alloy *** impurity contents,i.e.,total O+N+S contents,of 82×10^(-6)(Al-killed)and 118×10^(-6)(Zr-killed)have been induced to characterize both the *** was characterized using tensile and Charpy V-notch *** number,size and composition of the inclusions were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive *** the Al-killed steel,the inclusion structure consisted of titanium nitrides,stringer calcium aluminates and elongated manganese sulfides,whereas in the Zr-killed steel,the inclusion structure consisted of mainly fine spherical oxide inclusions with sulphide *** impurity content did not have a significant effect on the number density of inclusions,as with higher and lower impurity content,the number of inclusions was 83.7 and 78.8 mm^(-2),***,the size distribution of the inclusions,especially the coarse inclusions with their longest length greater than 8μm,differsmuch from each *** number density of coarse inclusions differs from 0.8 to 1.1 mm^(-2) with processing,and in Al-killed steel,55.5% of the coarse inclusions were titanium nitrides or manganese sulfides,whereas in Zr-killed steel,only 22.5% of the coarse inclusions were titanium nitrides and manganese *** titanium nitrides were especially detrimental to the impact *** number density of them should be below 0.33 mm-2 in order to guarantee the best possible toughness in the steel in *** average crystallographic grain size detected by electron backscattered diffraction of Zr-killed steel(4

关键词： Microalloyed heavy plate Zr-killed technology Inclusion modification Mechanical property

Revisiting a hidden order at an ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface and its switching dynamics

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Revisiting a hidden order at an ferromagnet/antiferromagnet ...

Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Chao-Yao Yang Sheng-Huai Chen Chih-Huang Lai Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

Study on the exchange bias (H ex ) switching in a ferromagnet (FM)/antiferromagnet (AFM) bilayer driven by the spin-orbit torque (SOT) has been an explicit research field and current focus has been devoted to determining the approaches to drive the H ex switching along with specific SOT applications. H ex is magnetically dominant but only reveals the partial facet of IrMn, which is only responsible for the ferromagnetic component at the interface of AFM. Therefore, the complete facet of AFM and its interaction with SOT at an FM/AFM interface is still not fully uncovered. This research reports an SOT-driven hidden order transition behind H ex in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer along with the issue of switching activity at Co/IrMn interface. The exchange coupling across Co/IrMn interface allows a long-range spin order in the form of an exchange-spring configuration, yielding two kinds of order in IrMn: a canting-induced ferromagnetic order for hosting H ex and a hidden Néel order for preserving the antiferromagnetic nature. The former appears to be strongly coupled to the magnetization state of Co during the SOT switching, so it can be reversibly switched with Co on the H ex switching. On the contrary, the hidden Néel order transition re-orientated to the current direction appears to be irreversibly driven by SOT and independent on the current polarity, which can reflect on the magnetoresistance (MR) measurement and X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopy. Finally, a micromagnetic simulation reveals the dynamic IrMn spins are mainly based on a canting type interface instead of an uncompensated type via an exchange-spring coupling with Co.

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Evaluation of Single and Duplex Plasma Treatment Applied to Aisi 409 Stainless Steel

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SSRN 2024年

作者： do Monte e Silva, André Felipe Soares de Almeida, Larissa Solano Monteiro, Leandro Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi Nunes, Maelson Sousa Libório, Maxwell Santana de Carvalho Costa, Thércio Henrique Bandeira, Rafael Marinho de Sousa, Rômulo Ribeiro Magalhães Post-Graduate Materials Science and Engineering Program Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil School of Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal Brazil Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil Brazil

The industrial landscape has witnessed a growing demand for components exhibiting superior performance and extended lifespan, especially in parts made of stainless steels like AISI 409 steel, widely used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and lightweight structural components. This study investigates the enhancement of surface properties of AISI 409 stainless steel through cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) and cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) processes, focusing on the novel implementation of duplex treatments. The research aims to improve the mechanical strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the steel by forming nitrides and vanadium nitride films on its surface. The duplex treatments, specifically N400D450 and N450D450, were found to significantly enhance the hardness of AISI 409 stainless steel, with the N450D450 sample achieving a maximum hardness of 1100 HV—a 461.22% increase compared to the untreated steel. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of a thick, uniform nitrided layer followed by a vanadium nitride film. The critical role of processing order was highlighted, with the sequence of nitriding followed by deposition proving more effective than the reverse. Corrosion resistance was markedly improved in the duplex-treated samples. The N450D450 sample exhibited an Ecorr of -198 mV and reduced jcorr values, indicating superior resistance to corrosive environments. These results underscore the synergistic effect of combining nitriding and vanadium deposition, which optimizes the formation of protective surface layers. Overall, this study demonstrates that duplex treatments significantly enhance the surface properties of AISI 409 stainless steel, offering the potential for extended component lifespan and reduced maintenance in industrial applications. The findings suggest that careful control of process parameters and treatment sequence is essential for achieving optimal results. © 2024, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Tribology

Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework with High-Adsorption Capacity toward Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium-sulfur Batteries

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能源与环境材料（英文） 2022年第2期5卷 599-607页

作者： Pengbiao Geng Meng Du Xiaotian Guo Huan Pang Ziqi Tian Pierre Braunstein Qiang Xu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRSCHIMIEUMR 7177Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg Cedex 67081France School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Materials Science and Engineering and SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Xueyuan AveNanshanShenzhen 518055China Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences(iCeMS) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan

The practical application of Li-S batteries is largely impeded by the"shuttle effect"generated at the cathode which results in a short life cycle of the *** address this issue,this work discloses a bimetallic metal-organic framework(MOF)as a sulfur host material based on Al-MOF,commonly called(Al)*** obtain a high-adsorption capacity to lithium polysulfides(Li2Sx,4≤x≤8),we present an effective strategy to incorporate sulfiphilic metal ion(Cu2+)with high-binding energy to Li2Sx into the *** a one-step hydrothermal method,Cu2+is homogeneously dispersed in Al-MOF,producing a bimetallic Al/Cu-MOF as advanced cathode *** macroscopic Li2S4 solution permeation test indicates that the Al/Cu-MOF has better adsorption capacity to lithium polysulfides than monometallic *** sulfur-transfusing process is executed via a melt-diffusion method to obtain the sulfur-containing Al/Cu-MOF(Al/Cu-MOF-S).The assembled Li-S batteries with Al/Cu-MOF-S yield improved cyclic performance,much better than that of monometallic Al-MOF as sulfur *** is shown that chemical immobilization is an effective method for polysulfide adsorption than physical confinement and the bimetallic Al/Cu-MOF,formed by incorporation of sulfiphilic Cu2+into porous MOF,will provide a novel and powerful approach for efficient sulfur host materials.

关键词： lithium polysulfides lithium–sulfur batteries metal-organic frameworks shuttle effect sulfiphilic Cu2+

Enhancing Sp3 Content in Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Film Electrodes by Pulsed Laser Annealing for Durable Charge Storage Performance

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Karmakar, Subrata Halim, Md Abdul Sultana, Maria Sarkar, Pallab Kumar Emu, Injamamul Hoque Jaimes-Leal, Ana Haque, Ariful Electrical Engineering Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University TX78666 United States Civil Engineering Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University TX78666 United States Materials Science Engineering and Commercialization Program Texas State University TX78666 United States

In this work, diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film electrodes were grown on Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, and the implication of pulsed laser annealing (PLA) treatment on their electrochemical supercapacitor performance was examined by two electrode systems in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte solutions. The Raman spectra confirm signature of the D and G peaks of pristine DLC film at ~1352 cm-1 (1356 cm-1 after PLA) and 1591 cm-1 (1589 cm-1 after PLA), and appearance of minor T2g (diamond) (1332 cm-1) peaks with an increment of the sp3 content after PLA treatment. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were deconvoluted into three different contributions C-C (sp2), C-C (sp3), and C-O, and their sp3 percentages were estimated ~48.6%, and 64.5% before and after annealing. The area under cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve and galvanostatic charging discharging (GCD) performance of PLA-treated DLC film were improved and the highest areal-specific capacitance was obtained to be ~48.25 mF/cm2 for scan rate of 5 mV/s and 36.01 mF/cm2 for current density of 2 mA/cm2, respectively. Excellent charging discharging cyclic stability of PLA treated electrode was observed over 5000 cycles, and Coulombic efficiency and capacitance retention were determined to be ~93.5% and ~97.3%, respectively. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diamonds

The Sulfur Embrittlement in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys: Sulfur-Induced Precipitation of Rhenium-Rich δ Phase

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Yang, Qianjin Zhou, Zhiqiang Xie, Pan He, Shuang Fu, Libo Zhao, Yunsong Zhang, Ze Wu, Cuilan Center for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China Pico Electron Microscopy Center Innovation Institute for Ocean Materials Characterization Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments Hainan University Haikou570228 China Key Laboratory of Pico Electron Microscopy of Hainan Province Hainan University Haikou570228 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China Beijing Institute of Aeronautics Materials Beijing100095 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310008 China

The impurity sulfur embrittlement of Ni-based single superalloys (Ni-SXs) has long been wrapped in mystery. In this work, we report for the first time the sulfur-induced precipitation of brittle rhenium-rich δ phase in a model Ni-SX. The results showed that the addition of sulfur gave rise to the precipitation of rhenium-rich δ phase with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure in the dendritic cores. Besides, the enrichment of sulfur and nickel elements were detected in the δ phase. The behavior of sulfur-induced precipitation of δ phase was rationalized by the first-principles calculations, which indicates that there is a strong bonding interaction between sulfur and rhenium atoms. This work provides a novel perspective on the understanding of the sulfur embrittlement in Ni-SXs. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals