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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Cong Sun, Yujiao Yang, Zhaoji Fan, Jiantao Li, Hui Xu, Shaoyi Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China

A carbon-carbon linked polyaromatic electrolyte was designed and synthesized for proton exchange membranes. The facile synthesis consists of a metal-free Friedel-Crafts polymerization and a direct post-sulfonation. To prevent the random sulfonation, the trifluorobuanone monomer was incorporated as a spacer to sterically confine the sulfonated area. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic separation was observed in the polymer’s microstructure. The membrane (ion exchange capacity = 1.88 mmol g-1) displayed low water swelling (area swelling = 38.0% at 80°C) at a slightly higher proton conductivity than Nafion 212. Tensile strength of 39.3 MPa and elongation at break of 67.0% were confirmed by stress-strain measurements. The membrane electrode assembly afforded an electrolyzing performance of 4.6 A cm-2@2.0 V while Nafion 212 was 3.6 A cm-2@2.0 V under the same testing conditions. The 45 µm film exhibited better stability than Nafion 212 (~50 µm) both in the preliminary in-situ cyclic accelerated stress test and the 800-h galvanostatic evaluation. The degradation rate of our thin membrane in the 800-h test was comparable to that of Nafion 115 (~125 µm). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polymerization

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Evaluation of Single and Duplex Plasma Treatment Applied to Aisi 409 Stainless Steel

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SSRN 2024年

作者： do Monte e Silva, André Felipe Soares de Almeida, Larissa Solano Monteiro, Leandro Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi Nunes, Maelson Sousa Libório, Maxwell Santana de Carvalho Costa, Thércio Henrique Bandeira, Rafael Marinho de Sousa, Rômulo Ribeiro Magalhães Post-Graduate Materials Science and Engineering Program Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil School of Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal Brazil Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil Brazil

The industrial landscape has witnessed a growing demand for components exhibiting superior performance and extended lifespan, especially in parts made of stainless steels like AISI 409 steel, widely used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and lightweight structural components. This study investigates the enhancement of surface properties of AISI 409 stainless steel through cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) and cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) processes, focusing on the novel implementation of duplex treatments. The research aims to improve the mechanical strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the steel by forming nitrides and vanadium nitride films on its surface. The duplex treatments, specifically N400D450 and N450D450, were found to significantly enhance the hardness of AISI 409 stainless steel, with the N450D450 sample achieving a maximum hardness of 1100 HV—a 461.22% increase compared to the untreated steel. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of a thick, uniform nitrided layer followed by a vanadium nitride film. The critical role of processing order was highlighted, with the sequence of nitriding followed by deposition proving more effective than the reverse. Corrosion resistance was markedly improved in the duplex-treated samples. The N450D450 sample exhibited an Ecorr of -198 mV and reduced jcorr values, indicating superior resistance to corrosive environments. These results underscore the synergistic effect of combining nitriding and vanadium deposition, which optimizes the formation of protective surface layers. Overall, this study demonstrates that duplex treatments significantly enhance the surface properties of AISI 409 stainless steel, offering the potential for extended component lifespan and reduced maintenance in industrial applications. The findings suggest that careful control of process parameters and treatment sequence is essential for achieving optimal results. © 2024, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Tribology

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Revisiting a hidden order at an ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface and its switching dynamics

Revisiting a hidden order at an ferromagnet/antiferromagnet ...

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Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Chao-Yao Yang Sheng-Huai Chen Chih-Huang Lai Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

Study on the exchange bias (H ex ) switching in a ferromagnet (FM)/antiferromagnet (AFM) bilayer driven by the spin-orbit torque (SOT) has been an explicit research field and current focus has been devoted to determining the approaches to drive the H ex switching along with specific SOT applications. H ex is magnetically dominant but only reveals the partial facet of IrMn, which is only responsible for the ferromagnetic component at the interface of AFM. Therefore, the complete facet of AFM and its interaction with SOT at an FM/AFM interface is still not fully uncovered. This research reports an SOT-driven hidden order transition behind H ex in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer along with the issue of switching activity at Co/IrMn interface. The exchange coupling across Co/IrMn interface allows a long-range spin order in the form of an exchange-spring configuration, yielding two kinds of order in IrMn: a canting-induced ferromagnetic order for hosting H ex and a hidden Néel order for preserving the antiferromagnetic nature. The former appears to be strongly coupled to the magnetization state of Co during the SOT switching, so it can be reversibly switched with Co on the H ex switching. On the contrary, the hidden Néel order transition re-orientated to the current direction appears to be irreversibly driven by SOT and independent on the current polarity, which can reflect on the magnetoresistance (MR) measurement and X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopy. Finally, a micromagnetic simulation reveals the dynamic IrMn spins are mainly based on a canting type interface instead of an uncompensated type via an exchange-spring coupling with Co.

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Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework with High-Adsorption Capacity toward Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium-sulfur Batteries

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能源与环境材料（英文） 2022年第2期5卷 599-607页

作者： Pengbiao Geng Meng Du Xiaotian Guo Huan Pang Ziqi Tian Pierre Braunstein Qiang Xu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRSCHIMIEUMR 7177Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg Cedex 67081France School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Materials Science and Engineering and SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Xueyuan AveNanshanShenzhen 518055China Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences(iCeMS) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan

The practical application of Li-S batteries is largely impeded by the"shuttle effect"generated at the cathode which results in a short life cycle of the *** address this issue,this work discloses a bimetallic metal-organic framework(MOF)as a sulfur host material based on Al-MOF,commonly called(Al)*** obtain a high-adsorption capacity to lithium polysulfides(Li2Sx,4≤x≤8),we present an effective strategy to incorporate sulfiphilic metal ion(Cu2+)with high-binding energy to Li2Sx into the *** a one-step hydrothermal method,Cu2+is homogeneously dispersed in Al-MOF,producing a bimetallic Al/Cu-MOF as advanced cathode *** macroscopic Li2S4 solution permeation test indicates that the Al/Cu-MOF has better adsorption capacity to lithium polysulfides than monometallic *** sulfur-transfusing process is executed via a melt-diffusion method to obtain the sulfur-containing Al/Cu-MOF(Al/Cu-MOF-S).The assembled Li-S batteries with Al/Cu-MOF-S yield improved cyclic performance,much better than that of monometallic Al-MOF as sulfur *** is shown that chemical immobilization is an effective method for polysulfide adsorption than physical confinement and the bimetallic Al/Cu-MOF,formed by incorporation of sulfiphilic Cu2+into porous MOF,will provide a novel and powerful approach for efficient sulfur host materials.

关键词： lithium polysulfides lithium–sulfur batteries metal-organic frameworks shuttle effect sulfiphilic Cu2+

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The Sulfur Embrittlement in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys: Sulfur-Induced Precipitation of Rhenium-Rich δ Phase

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Yang, Qianjin Zhou, Zhiqiang Xie, Pan He, Shuang Fu, Libo Zhao, Yunsong Zhang, Ze Wu, Cuilan Center for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China Pico Electron Microscopy Center Innovation Institute for Ocean Materials Characterization Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments Hainan University Haikou570228 China Key Laboratory of Pico Electron Microscopy of Hainan Province Hainan University Haikou570228 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China Beijing Institute of Aeronautics Materials Beijing100095 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310008 China

The impurity sulfur embrittlement of Ni-based single superalloys (Ni-SXs) has long been wrapped in mystery. In this work, we report for the first time the sulfur-induced precipitation of brittle rhenium-rich δ phase in a model Ni-SX. The results showed that the addition of sulfur gave rise to the precipitation of rhenium-rich δ phase with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure in the dendritic cores. Besides, the enrichment of sulfur and nickel elements were detected in the δ phase. The behavior of sulfur-induced precipitation of δ phase was rationalized by the first-principles calculations, which indicates that there is a strong bonding interaction between sulfur and rhenium atoms. This work provides a novel perspective on the understanding of the sulfur embrittlement in Ni-SXs. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals

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Enhancing Sp3 Content in Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Film Electrodes by Pulsed Laser Annealing for Durable Charge Storage Performance

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Karmakar, Subrata Halim, Md Abdul Sultana, Maria Sarkar, Pallab Kumar Emu, Injamamul Hoque Jaimes-Leal, Ana Haque, Ariful Electrical Engineering Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University TX78666 United States Civil Engineering Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University TX78666 United States Materials Science Engineering and Commercialization Program Texas State University TX78666 United States

In this work, diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film electrodes were grown on Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, and the implication of pulsed laser annealing (PLA) treatment on their electrochemical supercapacitor performance was examined by two electrode systems in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte solutions. The Raman spectra confirm signature of the D and G peaks of pristine DLC film at ~1352 cm-1 (1356 cm-1 after PLA) and 1591 cm-1 (1589 cm-1 after PLA), and appearance of minor T2g (diamond) (1332 cm-1) peaks with an increment of the sp3 content after PLA treatment. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were deconvoluted into three different contributions C-C (sp2), C-C (sp3), and C-O, and their sp3 percentages were estimated ~48.6%, and 64.5% before and after annealing. The area under cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve and galvanostatic charging discharging (GCD) performance of PLA-treated DLC film were improved and the highest areal-specific capacitance was obtained to be ~48.25 mF/cm2 for scan rate of 5 mV/s and 36.01 mF/cm2 for current density of 2 mA/cm2, respectively. Excellent charging discharging cyclic stability of PLA treated electrode was observed over 5000 cycles, and Coulombic efficiency and capacitance retention were determined to be ~93.5% and ~97.3%, respectively. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diamonds

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Study of Precipitates Formed During Solidification and Post-solidification Stage in Low-Sc Al-Mg-Sc Alloys

Study of Precipitates Formed During Solidification and Post-...

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Light Metals Symposium held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Nunes, Anderson Thadeu Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira Spinelli, José Eduardo Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São CarlosSP 13565-905 Brazil Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of São Carlos UFSCar São CarlosSP 13565-905 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031806759

Low-Sc (3Mg2 eutectic was identified in the intercellular/interdendritic regions of the alloys. The β-Al3Mg2 phase was detected in the micrographs of the three Al-Mg-Sc alloys, with more detailed observation in the fracture region of the AlMg3Sc0.1 alloy sample. The Al3Sc phase was identified forming isolated primary clusters during solidification in the AlMg5Sc0.1 and AlMg10Sc0.1 alloys. Nanometric Al3Sc p s with irregular shapes and dimensions smaller than 10 nm were identified in the AlMg5Sc0.1 alloy solidified at 0.7 K/s. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Effect of an antiferromagnetic order on tailoring Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/IrMn trilayer

Effect of an antiferromagnetic order on tailoring Dzyaloshin...

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Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Sheng-Huai Chen Chao-Yao Yang Chih-Huang Lai Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technolopgy due to its great potential to be applied to the field-free SOT switching and promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, effect of the introduction of AFM into the basic structure of SOT-MRAM composed of a heavy metal/ferromagnet (FM) bilayer was still not comprehensively understood. This work reports the effect of how an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer, studied by SOT switching and loop-shift method. Increasing the AFM order reflected on exchange bias (H ex ) through increasing the thickness of IrMn appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer, which leads to the reduction of the external field for yielding a complete SOT switching. The reduced DMI strength may ascribe to the Hex-hosted uni-directional anisotropy suppressing the neighboring spin canting in the FM layer. This stabilization for the magnetic moments via the H ex -hosted uni-directional anisotropy also improved the stability of SOT switching on the random read/write characterization, in which the strong AFM order would promote the memristivity for neuromorphic application and the weak AFM order would give rise to the stochasticity for the purpose of physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates the significance of an intrinsic tuning over the AFM order would serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing.

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A Physics-Constrained Deep Learning Treatment of Runaway Electron Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： McDevitt, Christopher J. Arnaud, Jonathan Tang, Xian-Zhu Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States

An adjoint formulation leveraging a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is employed to advance the density moment of a runaway electron (RE) distribution forward in time. A distinguishing feature of this approach is that once the adjoint problem is solved, its solution can be used to project the RE density forward in time for an arbitrary initial momentum space distribution of REs. Furthermore, by employing a PINN, a parametric solution to the adjoint problem can be learned. Thus, once trained, this adjoint-deep learning framework is able to efficiently project the RE density forward in time across various plasma conditions while still including a fully kinetic description of RE dynamics. As an example application, the temporal evolution of the density of primary electrons is studied, with particular emphasis on evaluating the decay of a RE population when below threshold. Predictions from the adjoint-deep learning framework are found to be in good agreement with a traditional relativistic electron Fokker-Planck solver, for several distinct initial conditions, and across an array of physics parameters. Once trained the PINN thus provides a means of generating RE density time histories with exceptionally low online execution time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Fokker Planck equation

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Machine learned interatomic potentials using random features

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 48-57页

作者： Gurjot Dhaliwal Prasanth B.Nair Chandra Veer Singh Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto5 King’s College RdTorontoM5S 3G8ONCanada Institute for Aerospace Studies University of Toronto4925 Dufferin StTorontoM3H 5T6ONCanada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto184 College StTorontoM5S 3E4ONCanada

We present a method to model interatomic interactions such as energy and forces in a computationally efficient *** proposed model approximates the energy/forces using a linear combination of random features,thereby enabling fast parameter estimation by solving a linear least-squares *** discuss how random features based on stationary and non-stationary kernels can be used for energy approximation and provide results for three classes of materials,namely two-dimensional materials,metals and *** and energy predictions made using the proposed method are in close agreement with density functional theory calculations,with training time that is 96%lower than standard kernel *** Dynamics calculations using random features based interatomic potentials are shown to agree well with experimental and density functional theory *** frequencies as computed by random features based interatomic potentials are within 0.1%of the density functional theory ***,the proposed random features-based potential addresses scalability issues encountered in this class of machine learning problems.

关键词： random stationary interatomic

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