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73rd International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2022

作者： Dhunnoo, Kirtan Aissiou, Amira Jha, Shankar Ravin, Rahul Wong, Kinston Adesida, Adetola Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonAB Canada Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta EdmontonAB Canada Institute for Aerospace Studies Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta Canada Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Canada

As humanity pushes further into the unknown, astronauts will be faced with heightened risks of physiological issues during long-term missions. Bone mass loss seen in astronauts is proportional to the time spent in zero-gravity, and increases the chance of osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that affects around 240 million people worldwide. OA occurs when the protective cartilage cushioning the joints degrades over time, and interestingly presents itself in women almost twice as much as in men. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of OA and is used to study its pathogenesis. Several astronaut studies have already shown that prolonged periods of zero-gravity contribute directly to cartilage degradation in various measurable fashions. Others have investigated cartilage tissue behaviour inside artificial biological environments and centrifuges. The next step is to explore minute changes in cartilage tissue in microgravity, such as during a parabolic flight, to generate a deeper molecular and genetic understanding of OA pathogenesis. Flying aboard the Canadian Space Agency's Falcon-20 parabolic aircraft, this experiment evaluated the molecular differences between female and male bioengineered cartilage samples when exposed to microgravity, while also for the first time attempted to explore the role of metabolites (the intermediate products of metabolism) in KOA pathogenesis. Metabolite activity responds to gravitational changes on a per-second basis and thus shows exact variations in cartilage tissue metabolism and degradation over time more accurately than before. Until now, such a focus on metabolites has not been conducted in this context. Sample groups were subject to set parabola quantities to determine the effect of repeated microgravity exposures. Hydraulic systems to promote the transfer of nutrient solution (to maintain sample health) and RNAlater reagent (to freeze the samples' molecular activity in time) were implemented, operated by two mission specia

关键词： Microgravity

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Problems With Solutions: engineering Alkylammonium Additive Reactivity for Durable High-Quality Perovskite Films

Problems With Solutions: Engineering Alkylammonium Additive ...

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IEEE Conference Photovoltaic Specialists (PVSC)

作者： Jack R. Palmer Soichiro Iwamoto Clark Han Connor J. Dolan Hendrik M. Vossler Sean P. Dunfield David P. Fenning Materials Science and Engineering Program UC San Diego La Jolla CA United States Department of NanoEngineering UC San Diego La Jolla CA United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665464260

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475822

Methylammonium chloride (MACl) is used as a volatile additive in most high-efficiency formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, MA is known to irreversibly react with FA to form n-methyl formamidinium (nMFA), which is detrimental to the absorber quality. In this work, we explore a series of alternative primary alkylammonium chlorides (RACls) in an antisolvent-free deposition. We analyze ink reactivity toward FA, film crystallinity, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and durability under light and heat. We find that the alkyl chain has a significant effect on reaction rate with FA, with isopropylammonium (iPA) showing a 10 times slower reaction rate than MA. Diffraction intensity of the (001) perovskite peak is maximized with ethylammonium (EA) and iPA, then decreases with the increasing alkyl chain length of n-propyl (nPA) and n-butyl (nBA) ammonium. Importantly, films cast from aged solutions containing the alternative RACl additives all formed majority black perovskite α-phase, while the MACl controls did not, highlighting the negative impact of nMFA. PLQY of alternative additives were comparable to pristine MACl and was retained in films made after solution aging. Durability tests of unencapsulated films in inert atmosphere under 0.6-sun illumination and 85°C heating revealed increased stability of the black perovskite α-phase by replacing MA, with iPA and nBA offering the best phase stability. Unoptimized devices prepared with fresh inks containing iPACl deliver performance on par with the MACl control. The results presented herein demonstrate promising alternative volatile additives to replace MACl in FAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells.

关键词： Heating systems Photovoltaic systems Performance evaluation Additives Photovoltaic cells Ink Photoluminescence Aging Perovskites Stability analysis

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Surface phase diagram of CsSnI3 from first-principles calculations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Kejia Khamdang, Chadawan Wang, Mengen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States

CsSnI3 is widely studied as an environmentally friendly Pb-free perovskite material for optoelectronic device applications. To further improve material and device performance, it is important to understand the surface structures of CsSnI3. We generate surface structures with various stoichiometries, perform density functional theory calculations to create phase diagrams of the CsSnI3 (001), (110), and (100) surfaces, and determine the most stable surfaces under a wide range of Cs, Sn, and I chemical potentials. Under I-rich conditions, surfaces with Cs vacancies are stable, which lead to partially occupied surface states above the valence band maximum. Under I-poor conditions, we find the stoichiometric (100) surface to be stable under a wide region of the phase diagram, which does not have any surface states and can contribute to long charge carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the I-poor (Sn-rich) conditions will be more beneficial to improve the device performance. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Tin compounds

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Heterostructure engineering in electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries:Recent progress and perspectives

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escience 2023年第5期3卷 1-11页

作者： Eric Gabriel Chunrong Ma Kincaid Graff Angel Conrado Dewen Hou Hui Xiong Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseID83725USA X-ray Sciences Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA College of Textiles&Clothing Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho FallsID83401USA

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have stepped into the spotlight as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage ***,SIB electrode materials,in general,have inferior performance than their lithium counterparts because Nat is larger and heavier than *** engineering is a promising strategy to overcome this intrinsic limitation and achieve practical *** provide a brief review of recent progress in heterostructure engineering of electrode materials and research on how the phase interface influences Nat storage and transport *** strategies for the design and fabrication of heterostructures(in situ methods)are discussed,with a focus on the heterostructure formation *** heterostructure's influence on Nat storage and transport properties arises primarily from local distortions of the structure and chemomechanical coupling at the phase interface,which may accelerate ion/electron diffusion,create additional active sites,and bolster structural ***,we offer our perspectives on the existing challenges,knowledge gaps,and opportunities for the advancement of heterostructure engineering as a means to develop practical,highperformance sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Heterostructure Sodium-ion batteries Electrode materials Heterogeneous materials Interface engineering Intergrowth

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Manufacturing of PEEK-PDMS Composite materials for Intervertebral Disc Implants

Manufacturing of PEEK-PDMS Composite Materials for Intervert...

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International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP)

作者： Heng-ching Mie Yu-chen Liu Jun Mizuno Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University

ISBN: (数字)9784991191176

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385908

The current treatment approach for lower back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration involves the use of PEEK (polyether ether ketone) polymer or titanium alloy based spinal cages to replace the degenerated IVD. However, this method not only restricts the natural mobility of the vertebrae but also fails to mimic the structure and function of the human IVD with a single material. Additionally, the use of high-hardness materials may lead to vertebral settling, further contributing to lower back pain. Therefore, this study is dedicated to utilizing high-biocompatibility polymer (PEEK and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) composites to create an artificial IVD closely mimics the real intervertebral disc. Through adjusting the manufacture parameters, the proportion of PEEK and PDMS, and the porosity we were able to achieve the elastic modulus that is close to those of humans' IVD. Furthermore, the dual-layer structure can better replicate the functions and structure of human intervertebral disc then spinal cage.

关键词： Titanium alloys Pain Spine Implants Back Mechanical factors Manufacturing

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Pvc Gel-Based Electro-Adhesion on Extremely Rough Surfaces

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Zijun Dong, Yujia Annapooranan, Raja Li, Chenghai Chambers, Robert Cai, Shengqiang Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

Electrostatic adhesion, also known as electro-adhesion, has been employed in many robotic devices for dynamic adhesion and shows fast switching between adhesive/non-adhesive states on demand. However, a well-known challenge for electro-adhesion is to achieve strong adhesion on rough surfaces with a reasonably low operating voltage. Herein, we report a simple strategy to fabricate electro-adhesion pads based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel, which can achieve strong adhesion (ten times stronger than silicone rubber-based electro-adhesion pads) on rough conductive surfaces with a relatively low operating voltage ( © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adhesion

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Defect formation in CsSnI3 from Density Functional Theory and Machine Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Khamdang, Chadawan Wang, Mengen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States

Sn-based perovskites as low-toxicity materials are actively studied for optoelectronic applications. However, their performance is limited by p-type self-doping, which can be suppressed by substitutional doping on the cation sites. In this study, we combine density functional theory (DFT) calculations with machine learning (ML) to develop a predictive model and identify the key descriptors affecting formation energy and charge transition levels of the substitutional dopants in CsSnI3. Our DFT calculations create a dataset of formation energies and charge transition levels and show that Y, Sc, Al, Zr, Nb, Ba, and Sr are effective dopants that pin the Fermi level higher in the band gap, suppressing the p-type self-doping. We explore ML algorithms and propose training a random forest regression model to predict the defect formation properties. This work shows the predictive capability of combining DFT with machine learning and provides insights into the important features that determine the defect formation energetics. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Perovskite

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Renewable Energy Generation Forecasting on Smart Home Micro Grid using Deep Neural Network

Renewable Energy Generation Forecasting on Smart Home Micro ...

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2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Mechatronics Systems, AIMS 2021

作者： Purwanto Hermawan Suherman Widodo, Djoko Adi Iksan, Nur School of Postgraduates Studies Universitas Diponegoro Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Semarang Indonesia Universitas Negeri Semarang Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Semarang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665424820

The implementation of smart grid on a micro scale in this study was for household electricity fulfillment needs. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar power will be integrated through a smart grid so that households can become independent in providing electricity and not depend on state electricity. Besides, it can also reduce monthly electricity costs when integrated with the state electricity network. Smart Micro Grid also enables the availability of energy management services such as monitoring, prediction, forecasting, scheduling and decision-making that was supported by some technologies such as artificial intelligent, smart sensors so that consumer use of electricity was more efficient. In this research, the forecasting method developed using the Deep Neural Network (DNN) and the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) as the architectural model. The GRU model was chosen because it has better performance compared to other models, namely LSTM, Auto-LSTM, Auto-GRU with MAE and MSE values of 0.0342 and 0.00245. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Experiment on intrinsically nonequilibrium distribution of large ions in charged small nanopores

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Qiao, Yu Wang, Meng Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Structural Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0085 United States

Recent theoretical research on locally nonchaotic gravitational energy barrier led to an interesting finding: beyond the boundaries of Boltzmann’s H-theorem, there may be macroscopic systems with nontrivial energy properties. The fundamental mechanism is rooted in the intrinsically nonequilibrium steady state. In the current investigation, we experimentally verify this concept, with the weak gravitational force being changed to the strong Coulomb force. The tests are performed on capacitive cells with the same nanoporous electrodes and various electrolyte concentrations. The key characteristic is that the nanopore size is only slightly larger than the ion size, less than twice the ion size. The confinement effect of the nanopore walls plays the role of the spontaneously nonequilibrium dimension (SND). At first glance, the capacitive cells exhibit "normal" charge curves. However, their steady-state ion distribution significantly differs from thermodynamic equilibrium. The measured potential difference is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the prediction of equilibrium thermodynamics. Such phenomena are in line with the molecular dynamics simulations reported in the open literature. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Flexible all-organic photodetectors via universal water-assisted transfer printing

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The Innovation 2023年第4期4卷 39-46页

作者： Yang Tang Ruiming Li Rui Sun Jie Min Qianqian Lin Chuluo Yang Guohua Xie Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China The Institute of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies) Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Key Lab of Artificial Micro-and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Transfer printing of small-molecular organic semiconductors often faces challenges due to surface adhesion ***,we developed a sacrificing-layer-assisted transfer printing technique for the deposition of smallmolecular thin ***-boiling-point ethylene glycol(EG)was doped in aqueous solution poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as the sacrificing layer to manipulate residual water in film,which allowed chlorobenzene solution to spontaneously spread and form uniform film.

关键词： film transfer allowed

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