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Study of Novel Photodetectors and Electronics to Enhance Coincidence Time Resolution of BGO-based PET Detectors

Study of Novel Photodetectors and Electronics to Enhance Coi...

2022 IEEE nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Gonzalez-Montoro, Andrea Pourashraf, Shirin Cates, Joshua W Levin, Craig S Stanford University Department of Radiology StanfordCA94305 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics Program BerkeleyCA94720 United States Stanford University Departments of Radiology Molecular Imaging Program Bioengineering Physics and Electrical Engineering CA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

Developing high sensitivity multiparametric medical imaging tools constitutes one of the main research topics in radionuclide *** time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners have shown potential in this context. One of the most attractive solutions that have been proposed to improve the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of TOF-PET scanners includes exploiting the small population of promptly emitted light photons (i.e., Cherenkov photons). Bismuth germanate (BGO) is a legacy detection material for PET which exhibits a moderate Cherenkov yield. which new advancements in ultra-violet (UV) light sensitive photosensor technologies and associated detection techniques can exploit for fast timing. It has been demonstrated that exploiting the BGO-Cherenkov component may simultaneously facilitate high 511 keV photon detection sensitivity with excellent CTR, thus enabling high sensitivity, low cost TOF-PET systems. Accessing the timing information from these Cherenkov photons requires enhanced photodetector technology combined with low noise and fast readout electronics, as well as specific data post-processing *** this summary, we report the CTR evaluation of different length BGO crystals coupled to UV enhanced SiPMs and custom designed electronics. Average CTR values of 156 ± 6, 188 ± 5, 228 ± 8 and 297 ± 8 ps CTR FWHM have been achieved for 3 × 3 × 3, × 5, × 10, and × 15 mm3 BGO crystal with chemically processed surface finishes. © 2022 IEEE.

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Electronic Readout for a 100 ps CTR PET Detector with 24:1 Multiplexing Ratio of Timing Channels

Electronic Readout for a 100 ps CTR PET Detector with 24:1 M...

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2022 IEEE nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Pourashraf, Shirin Gonzalez-Montoro, Andrea Innes, Derek Cates, Joshua W. Levin, Craig S. Stanford University Department of Radiology StanfordCA94305 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics Program BerkeleyCA94720 United States Stanford University Molecular Imaging Program Departments of Radiology Bioengineering Physics and Electrical Engineering StanfordCA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

We have designed a novel electronic readout with 24:1 multiplexing ratio of the timing channels that achieves 100 ps coincidence time resolution. The detector layer units comprise 2×4 arrays of 3×3×10 mm3 "LGSO"crystals side-coupled to 6×4 arrays of 3×3 mm2 SiPMs. To achieve low power dissipation and scalability of this readout design, its effective area is implemented in only 13.3 mm using compact and power efficient electronic components. The measured CTR of the 24:1 multiplexed timing channels (or 8:1 LVDS signals) was 107.0 ± 3.6 ps FWHM using a22Na point-source and a very low timing jitter FPGA-based TDC. © 2022 IEEE.

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Measurement of Ionization Produced by 254 eVnr nuclear Recoils in Germanium

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kavner, A.R.L. Jovanovic, I. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

Ionization produced by low-energy nuclear recoils is among the primary direct signatures of dark matter interactions. Despite the urgency of dark matter detection and the recent measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, detector response to nuclear recoils is not well characterized in the keVnr and sub-keVnr regime across a variety of materials. We have re-performed a measurement of the ionization produced by monoenergetic 254 eVnr nuclear recoils in Ge with improved digital electronics and additional systematic studies. Our results indicate an ionization yield of 64±8 eVee corresponding to a quenching factor of 25±3%, greater than the 14% predicted by the Lindhard model. This ionization enhancement could greatly improve the sensitivity of high-purity Ge detectors in dark matter detection and measurement of neutrinos via coherent scattering. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coherent scattering

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Development of a Pixelated BaF2 Test Bed for Timing Applications

Development of a Pixelated BaF2 Test Bed for Timing Applicat...

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2022 IEEE nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Jordan, Tyler A. Andrews, Madison T. Johnson, Christopher R. McKigney, Edward A. Stange, Sy Vetter, Kai Los AlamosNM87545 United States Los AlamosNM87545 United States University of California Department of Nuclear Engineering BerkeleyCA94720 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics Program BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

Prototype pixelated BaF2 detectors for timing applications have been assembled using state-of-the-art commercial off-the-shelf components. 64 square rods of pure BaF2 (4.6 mm × 4.6 mm × 30 mm) are air-coupled in an 8 × 8 array to a Photonis XP85112 Planacon multianode microchannel plate photomultiplier tube;shortpass optical transmission interference filters may be inserted between the crystal array and photodetector to suppress the slow, self-trapped exciton luminescence. Three filter variants with different long wavelength cutoffs were tested experimentally, and the performance of each filter is assessed. The results of these and upcoming detector characterization exeriments will ascertain how well new technologies can leverage the unique timing properties of BaF2 in a practical system, and provide quantitative guidance for effective continued development. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： barium fluoride (BaF2) multianode microchannel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) optical transmission interference filter

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On the Novel 3-D Neutron Transport Kinetic tRAPID Algorithm and its Validation

On the Novel 3-D Neutron Transport Kinetic tRAPID Algorithm ...

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2022 International Conference on physics of Reactors, PHYSOR 2022

作者： Mascolino, Valerio Haghighat, Alireza Snoj, Luka Virginia Tech Nuclear Engineering Program 7054 Haycock Road Falls ChurchVA22043 United States Jožef Stefan Institute Reactor Physics Department Jamova Cesta 39 LjubljanaSi-1000 Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487873

The Real-time Analysis for Particle-transport and In-situ Detection (RAPID) Code System, based on the Multi-stage Response-function Transport (MRT) methodology, allows for real-time simulation of nuclear systems based on 3-D continuous-energy particle transport. RAPID's steady-state (criticality) neutron transport algorithm is based on the Fission Matrix (FM) method, and has been extensively verified and validated against computational benchmarks and experiments. This paper introduces the novel 3-D time-dependent transport algorithm that has been implemented into the code, tRAPID, and its validation using the JSI TRIGA Mark-II reactor. tRAPID accurately and efficiently calculates neutron kinetics parameters (such as βeff, leff, Λ, αRossi) and 3-D time-dependent neutron fission source distribution and neutron importances for both prompt and delayed neutrons. tRAPID is used to simulate a rod insertion experiment performed at the JSI TRIGA Mark-II reactor, during which signals from four Fission Chambers (FCs) at four different locations in the core were collected. The results demonstrate how tRAPID is capable of calculating detailed and accurate results with only a minimal use computational resources and time. © 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on physics of Reactors, PHYSOR 2022. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： 3-D time-dependent neutron transport kinetics MRT RAPID TFM

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Autonomous Electron Tomography Reconstruction Using Bayesian Optimization

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1915-1916页

作者： Millsaps, William Schwartz, Jonathan Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Hovden, Robert Department of Nuclear Engineering Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

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Development of Indigenous Pulse-Shape Discrimination Algorithm for Organic Scintillation detectors

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Karmakar, Annesha Kumar, G. Anil Bhavika Anand, V. Pal, Anikesh Nuclear Engineering and Technology Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur India Radiation Detectors and Spectroscopy Laboratory Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur India

The use of programmable hardware devices is imperative for digital based pulse shape discrimination (PSD) to differentiate between various types of radiation. This work reports the development of a PSD algorithm based on tail area and total area, eliminating the need for programmable hardware. The pulses were collected using BC501 detector and Pu-Be source from a digitizer in the oscilloscope mode. The algorithm performs crucial functions such as pulse normalization, shaping, identification and removal of multiple peaks and threshold determination. The algorithm provides neutron and γ-ray counts, scatter plot, and FoM. In order to test the efficacy of our proposed algorithm, pulses were collected from a different source-detector setup comprising BC501A detector and an Am-Be source from a digitizer in the oscilloscope mode and Charge Integration (CI) mode. The results obtained from our proposed algorithm and CI method clearly indicates a good agreement in terms of number of neutrons and γ-rays and Figure-of-Merit (FoM), thus providing cost-effective alternative method for neutron and γ-ray discrimination, offering flexibility and accuracy without specialized hardware. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Application of the bRapid Fission Matrix Burnup Methodology to the JSI TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor

Application of the bRapid Fission Matrix Burnup Methodology ...

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2022 International Conference on physics of Reactors, PHYSOR 2022

作者： Pungerčič, Anže Haghighat, Alireza Snoj, Luka "Jožef Stefan" Institute Reactor Physics Department Jamova cesta 39 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia University of Ljubljana Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Jadranska ulica 19 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia Nuclear Engineering Program Virginia Tech 7054 Haycock Road Falls ChurchVA22043 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487873

The novel burnup methodology, bRAPID, of the RAPID code system has been applied to the TRIGA Mark II research reactor at the "Jozef Stefan" Institute. This paper presents the first step in our goal for on-line determination of isotope inventory and burnup, that the RAPID code system with its Fission Matrix method enables. Burnup analysis of changes in Fission Matrix (FM) coefficients due to TRIGA fuel burnup at different irradiation times and specific power distribution in the reactor core is presented. Our results demonstrate that primary contribution for changes of FM coefficients is the burnup of the destination regions, while the spectrum differences, that arise due to fuel's core location, have negligible effect on FM coefficients. © 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on physics of Reactors, PHYSOR 2022. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Burnup calculations Fission Matrix MRT methodology RAPID TRIGA reactor

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2mm Continuous DOI Positioning in Arrays of Side-Coupled Crystals for a Highly Compact 100 ps FWHM CTR TOF-PET Detector Design

2mm Continuous DOI Positioning in Arrays of Side-Coupled Cry...

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IEEE Symposium on nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： S. Pourashraf J. W. Cates D. Innes M.N. Ullah C. S. Levin Radiology Department Stanford University Stanford California United States of America Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics Program Berkeley California United States of America Bioengineering Physics and Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California United States of America

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

To achieve more accurate depth-of-interaction (DOI) response and 3D positioning of photoelectric or scattered events in our highly compact 100 ps CTR TOF-PET detector design, we have replaced a previously CPLD-based 3DPS approach with a 3D position sensitive charge-division scalable readout which better preserves our ∼100 ps FWHM CTR results. To validate the performance and compatibility of the readout with our mixed-signal TOF-PET design, we used $2 \times 4$ arrays of $3 \times 3 \times 10 \mathrm{~mm}^{3}$ LGSO crystals side-coupled to $4 \times 6$ arrays of $3 \times 3 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$ SiPMs. By embedding this 3DPS readout in our scaled-up TOF-PET system, we resolved 3D interaction positions along the crystal array with an average 1.6 mm FWHM DOI resolution while easily preserving our 100 ps CTR and also saving the components, footprint, and subsequently the cost, power dissipation by 32% and at least 40% compared to our previous 3DPS CPLD-based and the common 3D Anger-based readouts, respectively.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Three-dimensional displays Costs Accuracy Semiconductor detectors Crystals Power dissipation

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Elemental changes in heart and coronaries after breast cancer radiotherapy assessed by synchrotron radiation soft X-ray spectromicroscopy 44

Elemental changes in heart and coronaries after breast cance...

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44th Brazilian Workshop on nuclear physics

作者： Pickler, A. Mendes, G. Tanure, T. Serqueira, L. Sena, G. Fidalgo, G. Colaço, M. Muñoz, E. Ferreira-Machado, S. Lau, C.C. Salata, C. Mantuano, A. Mota, C.L. Nascimento, A. de Almeida, C.E. Barroso, R.C. Physics Institute State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Radiological Science Department State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation Oswaldo Cruz Institute Brazil Nuclear Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Radiotherapy (RT) plays a pivotal role in the treatment of breast cancer (BC) and various thoracic malignancies. Radiation induced heart disease (RIHD) is one such long term toxicity which can offset the improvement in cancer specific mortality. Long term normal tissue toxicity is becoming a bigger concern, as early diagnosis and the improvement in the treatment of these cancers has led to patients surviving longer. Our research group on physics applied to biomedical sciences has been investigating the side effects of BC treatment (RT and chemotherapy) for more than ten years. The cardiac regeneration has been studied to better understand the damage that occurs following radiation procedures in the heart tissue after many thoracic cancer treatments. One possible complication is coronary artery disease induced by irradiation after radiotherapy in thoracic area. Studies on the structures of cardiac tissue and the distribution of low atomic weight element can help to understand mechanisms associated with damage to healthy tissue, as these are of fundamental importance to metabolism in biological systems. The present study aimed to elucidate how radiotherapy in the thoracic area causes damage in the coronary artery, and to verify the potential use of losartan in reducing, or even preventing, the side effects of irradiation in this artery. To assess elemental and morphological differences in aortic and coronary samples, the Low Energy X-Ray Fluorescence (LEXRF) technique using Synchrotron Radiation was employed. SR- LEXRF and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements were carried out at the beamline TwinMic at Elettra Sincrotrone Triste, Italy. © 2022 Institute of physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radiotherapy

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