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BLUE-GREEN LASERS FOR SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 173-177页

作者： WRIGHT, WE LCDR. WILLIAM E. WRIGHT USN:is an Engineering Duty Officer with surface warfare experience. He served in the Weapons and Combat Systems departments of USS Harwood (DD-861)USS William V. Pratt (DDG-44) andUSS Henry B. Wilson (DDG-7). He received a Ph.D. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1973 as an NSF Fellow under the NavyScholarship Program and was later assigned as a Military Research Associate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In his current assignment at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency he is the program manager for Submarine Laser Communications and the founding director of the Joint Space Nuclear Power Technology Office at NASA.

Blue-green light has long been known to penetrate sea water to substantial depths. Moreover, the same light will propagate through clouds in a fairly predictable fashion. With narrow-band laser light signals in the blue-green and appropriately matched optical filters to block sunlight and other interfering light sources we should be able to communicate from space or aircraft to submerged objects. Three questions then arise: First, what are the characteristics of this communication channel and how do clouds, water turbidity, and their global statistics affect our ability to communicate? Second, in N avy use of any new technology there is a complex interplay between technical features and limits, employment strategies and tactics, and the value of a new technology system to N avy mission performance. How might a Submarine Laser Communications capability be useful to the N avy and what are the unique features of such a capability? Finally, what are the technical and engineering obstacles to exploiting this capability and how might it be transformed from a scientist's dream to a fleet reality? This paper examines each of these questions from the viewpoint of directing technology and engineering development. The tentative conclusion is that as the technology matures, the uniquely useful and affordable capabilities may become available to the N avy .

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UNITED-STATES-NAVY SHIPBOARD ENERGY R-AND-D - AN OVERVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 154-161页

作者： KROLICK, CF THE AUTHOR:: received his B.S. degree in Physics from Saint Francis College in 1962 and subsequently his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Maryland in 1969 and 1971. He is the Director of the Navy's Shipboard Energy R&D Program at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and has received awards for Outstanding Performance and Sustained Superior Performance. While at the University of Maryland he was recipient of an NSF Fellowship an NDEA Fellowship and an AEC Traineeship. Dr. Krolick is a member of Sigma Xi and the American Nuclear Society.

The U.S. Navy shipboard energy situation is presented both in terms of historical, current, and projected postures. R&D programs to minimize the impact of diminishing fossil fuel resources while ensuring full operational readiness are described. Near term efforts are directed at the achievement of the 1985 Chief of Naval Operations goal of twenty percent reduction in fossil fuel consumption per underway steaming hour, and they are intended primarily for the conventional steam-powered Fleet which presently comprises eighty-four percent on an installed horsepower basis. Longer range efforts attempt to facilitate the goal of a more energy-efficient future Fleet in terms of new construction ships. Alternate Fuels programs are structured to provide a capability to operate on future fuels which are readily available, and they include development of guidelines for the use of a broad range of petroleum-base fuels as well as the qualification of snythetic fuels derived from coal, oil shale, and tar sands.

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BANQUET ADDRESS - TECHNOLOGY IS FUN, ITS THE OTHER THINGS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 57-59页

作者： FROSCH, RA President American Association of Engineering Societies Inc Dr. Robert A. Frosch born in New York City on 22 May 1928 attended Columbia University from which he received his B.A. degree in 1947 his M.A. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1952 all in the field of Theoretical Physics. While completing his studies for his doctorate he joined Columbia's Hudson Laboratories in 1951 and worked on naval research projects as a Research Scientist until 1958 when he became the Director Hudson Laboratories a post he held until 1963. From 1965 to 1966 he was Deputy Director Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) Department of Defense (DOD) having first joined ARPA in 1963 as the Director for Nuclear Test Detection the position he held until 1965. Since 1969 he also has served as the DOD member of the Committee for Policy Review National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering Development and in 1967 and 1970 as the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission meetings at UNESCO in Paris. In addition he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research & Development from 1966 to 1973 Assistant Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program with the rank of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations from 1973 to 1975 and Assistant Director for Applied Oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1975 until mid-1977. In June 1977 he became the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) the position he held prior to joining the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) Incorporated. On 20 January 1981 he was elected to his present post as President AAES. Additionally he was the Sea Grant Lecturer for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 and currently is a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi. During his distinguished career Dr. Frosch has been the recipient of numerous awards among which are the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1966 the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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Erratum: The nuclear Legacy Today of Fukushima

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nuclear and Particle Science 1000年第1期

作者： Kai Vetter 2Applied Nuclear Physics Program Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA 1Department of Nuclear Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA email: kvetter@berkeley.edu

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STABILITY OF COUPLED-CORE nuclear REACTORS - SELECTED EXACT RESULTS

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JOURNAL OF BASIC engineering 1967年第2期89卷 283-&页

作者： GAGE, SJ ADLER, FT S. J. Gage Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas Austin Texas F. T. Adler Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbana Ill.

Exact analytical stability criteria are derived for the coupled-core kinetics equations. Four approximate models for describing the time distribution of the coupling neutrons are considered and a theorem proved by Pontryagin is used to establish the asymptotic stability of the systems. The criterion based on the Single Delta Function Model is compared with the one based on the Single Step Function Model.

关键词： Stability nuclear reactors Theorems (Mathematics) Neutrons Equations

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Electron-Irradiation Effects in Silicon at Liquid-Helium Temperatures Using ac Hopping Conductivity

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Physical Review B 1971年第2期4卷 462-462页

作者： R. E. McKeighen J. S. Koehler Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801

Changes in ac hopping conductivity with electron irradiation have been measured in n-type, p-type, and high-purity silicon. Irradiations were carried out at both 5.0 and 1.6 °K, with measurements made at reference temperatures of 4.2 and 1.3 °K, respectively. In the p-type crystals, the changes in ac hopping conductivity depend strongly on the concentration of chemical acceptors, indicating a concentration dependence on impurities in the defect production rate. The production rates at 1.6 °K were generally very similar to those for a 5.0 °K irradiation. No significant thermal annealing stages below room temperature were observed in any of the crystals. No radiation annealing effects due to a beam of either 0.500-MeV or 0.350-MeV electrons were observed, either at 4.5 or 1.45 °K. The possibility of athermal effects leading to interstitial migration is suggested.

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The nuclear Legacy Today of Fukushima

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nuclear and Particle Science 1000年第1期70卷 257-292页

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) following the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent tsunami in March 2011 changed people's perceptions regarding nuclear power generation in Japan and worldwide. The failure to prevent the accident and the response to it had an enormous impact specifically on the communities close to the site but also across Japan and globally. In this review, I discuss radiation detection technologies, their use and limits in the immediate assessment and response, and improvements since then. In particular, I examine recent developments in radiation detection and imaging systems that, in combination with the enormous advances in computer vision, provide new means to detect, map, and visualize radiation using manned and unmanned deployment platforms. In addition to smarter and more adaptable technologies to prevent and minimize the impact of such events, an important outcome of this accident is the need for informed and resilient citizens who are empowered by knowledge and technologies to make rational decisions. The accident at FDNPS leaves a legacy concerning the importance of historical information, technologies, and resilience as well as challenges regarding powerful technologies that can provide substantial benefits to human society but that are also associated with risks of which we must be aware.

关键词： Fukushima radiation detection radiation mapping robotics computer vision robust technologies resilience

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HALF-LIVES AND YIELDS OF X RAYS FROM THERMAL FISSION OF U235 AND PU239

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PHYSICAL REVIEW 1966年第3期145卷 963-&页

作者： BRIDWELL, L WYMAN, ME WEHRING, BW Nuclear Engineering Program University of Illinois Urbana IL United States Department of Physics Murray State College Murray KY United States

Time and energy characteristics of x rays from fission fragments of thermally fissioned U235 and Pu239 were investigated. The timing data were obtained electronically using amplitude-conversion techniques while the energy spectra were obtained using NaI(Tl) as the detector. The timing measurements show that about 50% of the x rays have half-lives greater than 4 nsec. This suggests that the dominant or even the entire mechanism for x-ray production is internal conversion of low-energy transitions of the fission fragments. Half-lives obtained from a least-squares fit of the time spectra indicate that the transitions are of the type E2 and M1. A model for predicting the x-ray energy spectra is given. X-ray yields calculated from the energy spectra were determined to be 0.17±0.02 and 0.43±0.004 x rays per fission for the light- and heavy-group fragments of U235, and 0.15±0.02 and 0.26±0.03 x rays per fission for the light- and heavy-group fragments of Pu239. Results from other experimenters are given for comparison. © 1966 The American Physical Society.

关键词： Radioactive materials

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