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Distinctive orbital anisotropy observed in the nematic state of a FeSe thin film

Physical Review B 2016年第11期94卷 115153-115153页

作者： Y. Zhang M. Yi Z.-K. Liu W. Li J. J. Lee R. G. Moore M. Hashimoto M. Nakajima H. Eisaki S.-K. Mo Z. Hussain T. P. Devereaux Z.-X. Shen D. H. Lu Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials Department of Physics and Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan JST Transformative Research-Project on Iron Pnictides Tokyo 102-0075 Japan

The nematic state, where a system is translationally invariant but breaks rotational symmetry, has drawn great attention recently due to the experimental observations of such a state in both cuprates and iron-based superconductors. The origin of nematicity and its possible tie to the pairing mechanism of high-Tc, however, still remain controversial. Here, we study the electronic structure of a multilayer FeSe film using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The band reconstruction in the nematic state is clearly delineated. We find that the energy splitting between dxz and dyz bands shows a nonmonotonic distribution in momentum space. From the Brillouin zone center to the Brillouin zone corner, the magnitude of splitting first decreases, then increases, and finally reaches the maximum value of ∼70 meV. Moreover, besides the dxz and dyz bands, band splitting was also observed on the dxy bands with a comparable energy scale around 45 meV. Our results suggest that the electronic anisotropy in the nematic state cannot be explained by a simple on-site ferro-orbital order. Instead, strong anisotropy exists in the hopping of all dxz,dyz, and dxy orbitals, the origin of which holds the key to a microscopic understanding of the nematicity in iron-based superconductors.

关键词： Nematic order Chalcogenides Thin films Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

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Femtosecond X-ray fourier holography imaging of freeflying nanoparticles

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Gorkhover, Tais Ulmer, Anatoli Ferguson, Ken Bucher, Max Maia, Filipe Bielecki, Johan Ekeberg, Tomas Hantke, Max F. Daurer, Benedikt J. Nettelblad, Carl Andreasson, Jakob Barty, Anton Bruza, Petr Carron, Sebastian Hasse, Dirk Krzywinski, Jacek Larsson, Daniel S.D. Morgan, Andrew Muhlig, Kerstin Muller, Maria Okamoto, Kenta Pietrini, Alberto Rupp, Daniela Sauppe, Mario van der Schot, Gijs Seibert, Marvin Sellberg, Jonas A. Svenda, Martin Swiggers, Michelle Timneanu, Nicusor Westphal, Daniel Williams, Garth Zani, Alessandro Chapman, Henry N. Faigel, Gyula Moller, Thomas Hajdu, Janos Bostedt, Christoph Institut fur Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universitat Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 Berlin10623 Germany Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory StanfordCA94309 United States PULSE Institute SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue LemontIL60439 United States UppsalaSE-75124 Sweden European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4 Schenefeld22869 Germany Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY Notkestrasse 85 Hamburg22607 Germany UppsalaSE-75105 Sweden ELI Beamlines Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Science Na Slovance 2 PragueCZ-18221 Czech Republic Condensed Matter Physics Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Biomedical and X-ray Physics Department of Applied Physics AlbaNova University Center KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-10691 Sweden Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 UppsalaSE-75120 Sweden NSLS-II Brookhaven National Laboratory PO BOX 5000 UptonNY11973 United States Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics Budapest1525 Hungary Department of Physics Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road EvanstonIL60208 United States

Ultrafast X-ray imaging provides high resolution information on individual fragile specimens such as aerosols1, metastable particles2, superfluid quantum systems3 and live biospecimen4, which is inaccessible with conventional imaging techniques. Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging, however, suffers from intrinsic loss of phase, and therefore structure recovery is often complicated and not always uniquely-defined 4, 5. Here, we introduce the method of in-flight holography, where we use nanoclusters as reference X-ray scatterers in order to encode rel- A tive phase information into diffraction patterns of a virus. The resulting hologram contains an unambiguous three-dimensional map of a virus and two nanoclusters with the highest lateral resolution so far achieved via single shot X-ray holography. Our approach unlocks the benefits of holography for ultrafast X-ray imaging of nanoscale, non-periodic systems and paves the way to direct observation of complex electron dynamics down to the attosecond time scale. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viruses

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Magnetic switching in granular FePt layers promoted by near-field laser enhancement

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Granitzka, Patrick W. Jal, Emmanuelle Guyader, Loïc Le Savoini, Matteo Higley, Daniel J. Liu, Tianmin Chen, Zhao Chase, Tyler Ohldag, Hendrik Dakovski, Georgi L. Schlotter, William Carron, Sebastian Hoffman, Matthias Shafer, Padraic Arenholz, Elke Hellwig, Olav Mehta, Virat Takahashi, Yukiko K. Wang, J. Fullerton, Eric E. Stöhr, Joachim Reid, Alexander H. Dürr, Hermann A. Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam1018XE Netherlands Zürich Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1 Zürich8093 Switzerland Department of Applied Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States San Jose Research Center HGST A Western Digital Company 3403 Yerba Buena Road San JoseCA95135 United States Magnetic Materials Unit National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba305-0047 Japan Center for Memory and Recording Research UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La JollaCA92093-0401 United States Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering Instrument European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4 Schenefeld22869 Germany Sorbone Universitées UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR 7614 LCPMR Paris75005 France CNRS UMR 7614 LCPMR Paris75005 France California Lutheran University 60 West Olsen Rd Thousand OakCA91360 United States Institute of Physics Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Straße 70 ChemnitzD-09107 Germany Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research HelmholtzZentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden01328 Germany Thomas J. Watson Research Center 1101 Kitchawan Road Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States

light-matter interaction at the nanoscale in magnetic materials is a topic of intense research in view of potential applications in next-generation high-density magnetic recording. Laser-assisted switching provides a pathway for overcoming the material constraints of highanisotropy and high-packing density media, though much about the dynamics of the switching process remains unexplored. We use ultrafast small-angle x-ray scattering at an x-ray free-electron laser to probe the magnetic switching dynamics of FePt nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix following excitation by an optical femtosecond laser pulse. We observe that the combination of laser excitation and applied static magnetic field, one order of magnitude smaller than the coercive field, can overcome the magnetic anisotropy barrier between "up" and "down" magnetization, enabling magnetization switching. This magnetic switching is found to be inhomogeneous throughout the material, with some individual FePt nanoparticles neither switching nor demagnetizing. The origin of this behavior is identified as the near-field modification of the incident laser radiation around FePt nanoparticles. The fraction of not-switching nanoparticles is influenced by the heat flow between FePt and a heat-sink layer. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Switching

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Pressure‐Induced Diels–Alder Reactions in C6H6‐C6F6Cocrystal towards Graphane Structure

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Angewandte Chemie 2018年第5期131卷

作者： Yajie Wang Xiao Dong Xingyu Tang Haiyan Zheng Kuo Li Xiaohuan Lin Leiming Fang Guang'ai Sun Xiping Chen Lei Xie Craig L. Bull Nicholas P. Funnell Takanori Hattori Asami Sano‐Furukawa Jihua Chen Dale K. Hensley George D. Cody Yang Ren Hyun Hwi Lee Ho‐kwang Mao Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621999 P. R. China ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX UK J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Geophysical Lab Carnegie Institution of Washington 5251 Broad Branch Road NW Washington DC 20015 USA Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECH Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea

Pressure‐induced polymerization (PIP) of aromatics is a novel method for constructing sp 3 ‐carbon frameworks, and nanothreads with diamond‐like structures were synthesized by compressing benzene and its derivatives. Here by compressing a benzene‐hexafluorobenzene cocrystal (CHCF), H‐F‐substituted graphane with a layered structure in the PIP product was identified. Based on the crystal structure determined from the in situ neutron diffraction and the intermediate products identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrum, we found that at 20 GPa CHCF forms tilted columns with benzene and hexafluorobenzene stacked alternatively, and leads to a [4+2] polymer, which then transforms to short‐range ordered H‐F‐substituted graphane. The reaction process involves [4+2] Diels–Alder, retro‐Diels–Alder, and 1‐1′ coupling reactions, and the former is the key reaction in the PIP. These studies confirm the elemental reactions of PIP of CHCF for the first time, and provide insight into the PIP of aromatics.

关键词： Cycloadditionen Festkörperreaktionen Graphan Polymerisation Strukturaufklärung

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Transient NEXAFS spectroscopy at the oxygen edge: Pinning down pp*/np* internal conversion

Transient NEXAFS spectroscopy at the oxygen edge: Pinning do...

引用

International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, UP 2016

作者： Wolf, T.J.A. Myhre, R.H. Coriani, S. Koch, H. Battistoni, A. Berrah, N. Bucksbaum, P. Coffee, R. Coslovich, G. Cryan, J.P. Feifel, R. Gaffney, K. Grilj, J. Martinez, T.J. Myabe, S. Moeller, S.P. Mucke, M. Natan, A. Obaid, R. Osipov, T. Plekan, O. Sage, A. Squibb, R. Wang, S. Gühr, M. Stanford PULSE Institute SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Chemistry Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Trieste Italy Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut06269 United States Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne CH 1015 Switzerland Department of Chemistry Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste Basovizza TriesteI-34149 Italy Institut für Physik und Astronomie Universität Potsdam Potsdam-Golm14476 Germany

We present results from time-resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy at the oxygen edge, which show an extremely high sensitivity on pp* to np* internal conversion. Application to thymine clarifies the current picture of its pho... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580187

关键词： Oxygen

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Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3

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Physical Review B 2016年第18期94卷 180104(R)-180104(R)页

作者： F. Chen Y. Zhu S. Liu Y. Qi H. Y. Hwang N. C. Brandt J. Lu F. Quirin H. Enquist P. Zalden T. Hu J. Goodfellow M.-J. Sher M. C. Hoffmann D. Zhu H. Lemke J. Glownia M. Chollet A. R. Damodaran J. Park Z. Cai I. W. Jung M. J. Highland D. A. Walko J. W. Freeland P. G. Evans A. Vailionis J. Larsson K. A. Nelson A. M. Rappe K. Sokolowski-Tinten L. W. Martin H. Wen A. M. Lindenberg Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA Geophysical Lab Carnegie Institute for Science Washington DC 20015 USA Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg–Essen Lotharstrasse 1 47048 Duisburg Germany MAX IV Laboratory Lund University S-22100 Lund Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Lund University S-22100 Lund Sweden Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA PULSE Institute SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA

The dynamical processes associated with electric field manipulation of the polarization in a ferroelectric remain largely unknown but fundamentally determine the speed and functionality of ferroelectric materials and devices. Here we apply subpicosecond duration, single-cycle terahertz pulses as an ultrafast electric field bias to prototypical BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films with the atomic-scale response probed by femtosecond x-ray-scattering techniques. We show that electric fields applied perpendicular to the ferroelectric polarization drive large-amplitude displacements of the titanium atoms along the ferroelectric polarization axis, comparable to that of the built-in displacements associated with the intrinsic polarization and incoherent across unit cells. This effect is associated with a dynamic rotation of the ferroelectric polarization switching on and then off on picosecond time scales. These transient polarization modulations are followed by long-lived vibrational heating effects driven by resonant excitation of the ferroelectric soft mode, as reflected in changes in the c-axis tetragonality. The ultrafast structural characterization described here enables a direct comparison with first-principles-based molecular-dynamics simulations, with good agreement obtained.

关键词： Ferroelectricity Ferroelectrics Molecular dynamics X-ray diffraction

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X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy insights of organic spin-valve

X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy insights of organic spin-v...

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International Conference on Magnetics (INTERMAG)

作者： D. Wei P. Cheng Graduate Program for Science and Technology of Synchrotron Light Source National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Research Division National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Taiwan

One recent focus in spintronics is the observation of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in organic spin-valve (OSV). Sandwiched by two ferromagnetic (FM) layers, organic semiconductor (OSC) was incorporated into the spin-valve structure to take advantage of its low spin-orbit interaction so that the coherence of spin-polarized carriers can be preserved over an extended time. The observation of GMR in OSV is thus a promising result suggesting spins have indeed travelled through OSC. However, until now, the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio given by OSV remains to be relatively low and highly sensitive to temperature. Obviously, our understanding on OSV is far from complete, and there are unidentified effects hindering the transport of spins in OSV. In this report, we present the experimental evidences suggesting that the absence of room temperature GMR in OSV may be related to the diffusion of metal clusters from metallic top electrode into OSC layer. Our findings also offer a plausible explanation on why inserting an oxide layer between OSC and FM electrode can improve the MR ratio of OSV.

关键词： Frequency modulation Electrodes Temperature sensors Metals Magnetic films Magnetic resonance imaging

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Pressure tuning of bond-directional exchange interactions and magnetic frustration in the hyperhoneycomb iridate β−Li2IrO3

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Physical Review B 2017年第14期96卷 140402(R)-140402(R)页

作者： L. S. I. Veiga M. Etter K. Glazyrin F. Sun C. A. Escanhoela, Jr. G. Fabbris J. R. L. Mardegan P. S. Malavi Y. Deng P. P. Stavropoulos H.-Y. Kee W. G. Yang M. van Veenendaal J. S. Schilling T. Takayama H. Takagi D. Haskel Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) D-22607 Hamburg Germany Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil Department of Physics Washington University St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials University of Toronto 60 St. George Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A7 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research/Quantum Materials Program Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8 High Pressure Synergetic Consortium (HPSynC) Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of Washington Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Department of Physics Northern Illinois University De Kalb Illinois 60115 USA Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Department of Physics and Department of Advanced Materials University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

We explore the response of Ir 5d orbitals to pressure in β−Li2IrO3, a hyperhoneycomb iridate in proximity to a Kitaev quantum spin-liquid (QSL) ground state. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals a reconstruction of the electronic ground state below 2 GPa, the same pressure range where x-ray magnetic circular dichroism shows an apparent collapse of magnetic order. The electronic reconstruction, which manifests a reduction in the effective spin-orbit interaction in 5d orbitals, pushes β−Li2IrO3 further away from the pure Jeff=1/2 limit. Although lattice symmetry is preserved across the electronic transition, x-ray diffraction shows a highly anisotropic compression of the hyperhoneycomb lattice which affects the balance of bond-directional Ir-Ir exchange interactions driven by spin-orbit coupling at Ir sites. An enhancement of symmetric anisotropic exchange over Kitaev and Heisenberg exchange interactions seen in theoretical calculations that use precisely this anisotropic Ir-Ir bond compression provides one possible route to the realization of a QSL state in this hyperhoneycomb iridate at high pressures.

关键词： Electronic structure Magnetic interactions Quantum spin liquid Spin-orbit coupling Ab initio calculations Pressure techniques X-ray absorption spectroscopy

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Optimizing the conditions for carbon nanotube growth on silicon wafers coated with nickel thin films

Optimizing the conditions for carbon nanotube growth on sili...

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International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits technology (IMPACT)

作者： Jhih-Syuan Teng Wei-Jie Chen Chuen-Horng Tsai Yao-Jane Hsu Pen-Cheng Wang Graduate Program for Science and Technology of Synchrotron Light Source National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

In this work, the preparative conditions for optimizing growing carbon nanotube thin films on silicon wafers using an in-house chemical vapor deposition system was evaluated. We found that, when acetylene was used as the carbon source and nickel as the catalyst, the amount of carbon nanotubes grown on the silicon wafers was increased when the growth temperature was decreased from 800°C to 600°C. The carbon nanotubes were then characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tunneling electron microscopy (TEM). The results show the obtained carbon nanotube thin films were mainly composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Substrates Silicon Carbon Nickel Films

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Electronic structure of warm dense silicon dioxide

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Physical Review B 2015年第21期91卷 214305-214305页

作者： K. Engelhorn V. Recoules B. I. Cho B. Barbrel S. Mazevet D. M. Krol R. W. Falcone P. A. Heimann Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Applied Science and Technology UC Berkeley California 94720 USA CEA DAM DIF F-91297 Arpajon France Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Korea Department of Physics UC Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA LUTH Observatoire de Paris Paris France Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science UC Davis Davis California 95616 USA Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA

The electronic structure of warm dense silicon dioxide has been investigated by x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. An ultrafast optical laser pulse was used to isochorically heat a thin silicon dioxide sample, and measured spectra were compared with simulations generated by molecular dynamics and density functional theory. In comparison with the room temperature spectrum, two features were observed: a peak below the band gap and absorption within the band gap. This behavior was also observed in the simulations. From consideration of the calculated spectra, the peak below the gap is attributed to valence electrons that have been promoted to the conduction band, while absorption within the gap is attributed to broken Si-O bonds.

关键词： ELECTRONIC structure X-ray absorption near edge structure THIN films SILICA PHOTONIC band gap structures ELECTRONS

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