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TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF THE PAPERLESS SHIP

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 61-72页

作者： CHICKERING, JE QUALLS, WB John E. Chickering:is a systems analyst with American Management Systems Inc. in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Chickering received his BS degree in marine engineering from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point New York in 1981 and his MBA degree in operations research and statistics from the University of Maryland in 1985. He is a licensed third assistant engineer of steam and motor vessels and a member of the Naval Reserve. Mr. Chickering's work includes the design and specification of several management information systems for the U.S. Navy including one that will automate the Navy's engineering drawing management system. Most recently Mr. Chickering has helped develop a workstation for the Navy's Paperless Ship Initiative. William B. Quails:is a management consultant with American Management Systems Inc. in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Quails received his BA degree in English from the Tulane University in New Orleans Louisiana in 1977 and his MPA degree in management science from the University of Georgia in 1982. Mr. Quails participated in the design and development of the U.S. Navy's Shipboard Non-tactical ADP Program II (SNAP II). Recently Mr. Quails has participated in the design and development of several knowledge-based computer systems using artificial intelligence programming technologies. Mr. Quails is a member of Pi Alpha Alpha an honorary public affairs and administration society.

The U.S. Navy relies heavily on advanced technology to carry out its missions. As a consequence, today's sailors are spending increasing amounts of time maintaining and repairing complex systems and equipment. In performing these duties, sailors depend on supporting technical documentation. As the complexity of systems and equipment grow, the volume and complexity of this technical documentation also increases. As a result, technical information, one of the Navy's critical resources, is simultaneously becoming more vital and more difficult to use. The Navy is meeting this challenge by exploring innovative approaches to the management of technical documentation. One example is the Paperless Ship Initiative, which employs optical disk technology as the primary means for document storage. Optical disks can store large volumes of technical information in a small space. One way to take advantage of this auto mated access is to make technical information more readily accessible and easier to use. As an example, a technical manual can be organized on an optical disk into discrete segments of text and indexed for fast retrieval by section, subsection, or paragraph. Furthermore, mechanisms can be developed which allow computer-supported links between logically related segments of the text. This style of interface allows a user to interact directly with the textual passages and to establish new organizational and referential links between them. This style of interface falls under the general category of hypertext (also known as linked text ). The combination of optical disk storage and hypertext offers new possibilities for improving access to large volumes of technical documentation while maintaining all of the advantages of traditional paper-based documentation. This paper begins with a discussion of the need for better technical documentation support. Alternatives that can fulfill this need are reviewed and the role of hypertext is described. The paper illustrates a sample

关键词： Information Retrieval systems

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THE AEGIS DATA BUS EXPERIMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第5期101卷 53-58页

作者： FRINK, JG VERVEN, DM John G. Frink is an assistant group supervisor in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received his B.S. degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1968 and the M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Maryland in 1971. Mr. Frink worked at the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory on a variety of weapons systems before joining the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1978. Mr. Frink has supervised the development of a large scale battle group simulation that successfully employs the receiver selection paradigm described herein on a hardware suite composed of an extensible number of (currently 15) processors. David M. Verven is a senior electrical engineer in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1979 and the M. S. degree in the same discipline from The Johns Hopkins University in 1984. Mr. Verven joined the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1979 and initially worked on analysis of Navy sensor systems. In 1981 he was the AN/SPS-49 test team leader for the New Threat Upgrade (NTU) combat system land-based test. In 1982 he became involved in the development of the BBWRS system. Currently he is involved in real-time computer program development for the CEP project.

This paper documents an experiment performed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory to measure the effect of inserting a data bus into a combat system. The experiment was conducted at the Aegis computer Center located at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia (NSWC/DL). The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not the Aegis Weapon System (the core of the Aegis Combat System) could be operated with a portion of its point-to-point interelement cables replaced by a data bus. The data bus chosen for the experiment employs message broadcasting with receiver selection. A primary goal of the experiment was to minimize the amount of Aegis computer program changes required to accommodate the data bus. The results presented in this paper will show that the experiment was a success. Key certification tests were passed with no computer program changes to the tactical elements and minimal changes in the Aegis tactical executive (ATES) program (less than 110 words changed).

关键词： Data Transmission Equipment

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NEW TECHNOLOGY IN OIL CONTENT MONITORS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第2期101卷 48-55页

作者： NARDELLA, JA RAW, TT STOKES, GH John A. Nardella is the life-cycle manager for oil content monitor equipment for the Naval Sea Systems Command Washington D.C. He has an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University and is a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Dr. Timothy T. Raw is the principal investigator responsible for the oil contamination monitor project. He has a doctorate in physical chemistry from Rensselear Polytechnical Institute and a B.A. in chemistry and computer science from Saint Louis University. Dr. Raw is currently a staff member at Anheuser Busch Inc. in Saint Louis. Dr. Grant H. Stokes is responsible for the technical management of Geo-Centers Inc. Boston operation. He has doctorate and M. S. degrees in physics from Princeton University and a B.A. from Colorado College. Previous to joining Geo-Centers Inc. he was a staff member in the Laser Fusion Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

International antipollution requirements have been legislated to regulate the oil content of bilge effluent from ships. In response to these standards, the U.S. Navy is currently in the process of installing pollution abatement equipment on all vessels. The equipment will consist of an oil-water separator in the bilge discharge line, followed by an oil content monitor which makes the final decision on whether or not the water is clean enough to be pumped overboard. The monitor is required to make a real-time measurement of oil concentration in the range 15 ± 5 to 100 ± 20 ppm for flow rates up to 50 gal/min. and possibly in the presence of interfering contaminants, such as rust. This paper presents the results of the current effort to develop a monitor which satisfies all of these requirements and is sufficiently rugged for fleet deployment. The monitor under development employs two fiber optic systems and a small microprocessor. The first optical system measures the concentration of particles in the flow as a function of their sizes, using small angle forward scattering. The second determines what percentage of the particles in the flow are oil, using large angle scattering. The microprocessor takes the data from the two optical systems and calculates the oil concentration in the flow. Since the particle size is measured by the monitor, no sample preparation is required and the monitor may be placed directly in the discharge line where it responds to changes in oil content in less than one second. In addition, this monitor can notify the operator of impending oil-water separator failure associated with passing large oil particles. A demonstration monitor consisting of the forward scattering unit has been successfully tested at the NavSea oil pollution abatement test facility at the Naval Ship systems engineering Station at Philadelphia. The monitor agrees well with chemical means of measuring oil content. Results of this comparison and laboratory test of a prototyp

关键词： Water Pollution

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A PERSONAL-computer SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR POWER engineering-EDUCATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER systems 1988年第4期3卷 1864-1871页

作者： GLOVER, JD Power Systems Program Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA

The author describes a personal-computer software package recently incorporated in the power engineering program at Northeastern University. The package includes a set of computer programs which can be utilized to support classroom instruction and student design projects. The programs cover matrix operations, symmetrical components, line constant, steady-state operation of transmission lines, power flow (100 buses), symmetrical short circuits (100 buses), short circuits (100 buses), transmission-line transients, and transient stability. The computer programs, the way they are utilized, and initial student reaction are discussed. It is concluded that the availability of the power system analysis and design software package has extended classroom capabilities and enhanced student interest in power engineering courses. The reaction of students to the software has been positive, and it has allowed them to work on more difficult and realistic problems and make it an innovative tool in the learning process.< >

关键词： Microcomputers Software packages Power engineering Power system transients Power engineering computing Transmission line matrix methods Circuits Power system stability Power system analysis computing Packaging

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ADISSA - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF INFORMATION-systems BASED ON STRUCTURED ANALYSIS

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INFORMATION systems 1988年第2期13卷 193-210页

作者： SHOVAL, P Computer and Information Systems Program Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer Sheva 84105 Israel

ADISSA is a methodology for Architectural Design of Information systems and Software, based on Structured Analysis. The architectural design includes: 1. (a) design of a tree-structured menu system, which interfaces between the users and the system—viewed as the “external architecture” of the system; and 2. (b) design of the transactions of the system, composed of various functions which are activated in response to user needs and various events in the universe of discourse—viewed as the “internal architecture” of the system. The menu tree and the transactions are tied up with the other major components of the system architecture: the inputs and outputs, and the database. ADISSA methodology is fully compatible and consistent with Structured Analysis, and therefore the stages of system analysis and design are integrated into one complete process.

关键词： Architectural design data flow diagram development methods software engineering structured analysis and design transactions user interface

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Tunable model-driven nonuniform sampling methods for 3-D inspection

Tunable model-driven nonuniform sampling methods for 3-D ins...

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Automated Inspection and High-Speed Vision Architectures 1987

作者： Malloch, Charles B. Kwak, William I. Gerhardt, Lester A. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Computer Integrated Manufacturing Program Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering TroyNY12180 United States

The development of a CIM (computer Integrated Manufacturing) environment requires that inspection processes be linked to databases containing the design data. Increased emphasis on flexibility must not be bought at the expense of increased human involvement in producing process directives. The RPI CIM program has developed an automated 3-D inspection system which integrates a CAD database to develop preliminary inspection directives. The design of the inspection system is characterized by real-time operation, an ability to utilize 3-D data originating from both a CAD model and from points on a test piece, the automatic generation of inspection programs based on model features, and the system's sensitivity to tolerancing issues. Inspection of manufactured parts and assemblies often requires large amounts of information in the form of test probe point locations and large amounts of time to perform the inspection. By optimally locating the probe points it is possible to maintain inspection reliability using fewer test probes in a reduced amount of time. A class of sampling schemes has been developed which use part model and manufacturing process information to generate an improved probe-point location set for routine inspection in a model-based, open-loop mode. The objective of the proposed sampling scheme is to optimize the placement of the sample points on the ideal model to minimize the chance of missing a discrepancy. The algorithm which generates the inspection program bases its test-point placement on an estimate of the likelihood of a machining discrepancy at any given point on the part surface. Implemented for evaluation in 2-D, the algorithm has been selected for its ability to be extended to 3-D. Test results show that it performs favorably on a large class of surfaces. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inspection

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DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (DMS) - ASPECTS OF FLEET INTRODUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第6期100卷 41-47页

作者： BLACKWELL, LM Luther M. Blackwell:is presently the Data Multiplex System (DMS) program manager in the Bridge Control Monitoring and Information Transfer Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from the University of Maryland in 1964 receiving his BS degree in electrical engineering. After graduating he was employed in the Bureau of Ships where he held project engineering assignments on various ships entertainment magnetic tape recording fiber optics computer mass memory and information transfer systems. He has also pursued graduate studies in engineering management at The George Washington University.

The Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general-purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1990–2000 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of DMS has increased as various digital control systems throughout naval ships have adopted distributed processing architectures and reconfigurable control consoles, and as the quantity of remotely sensed and controlled equipment throughout the ship has increased manyfold over what it was in past designs. Instead of miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, DMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of DMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, will free both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules, and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the DMS system as it is currently being introduced into the fleet by the U.S. Navy. The results of its design and implementation in the DDG-51 and LHD-1 class ships are also presented.

关键词： Multiplexing Equipment

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APPLICATION OF A GENERAL-PURPOSE CAD SYSTEM IN THE DDG-51 DESIGN PROCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 265-274页

作者： AYERS, RE CALLAHAN, PJ KASSEL, B Randy E. Ayers:is a naval architect in the Computer Aided Engineering Division (Sea 507) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree cum laude in structural materials and fluids engineering from the University of South Florida in 1979. Mr. Ayers began his career in the naval shipbuilding industry as a structural design engineer for the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Currently he is the computer applications manager for the DDG-51 consultant for other ship design projects and has special responsibility for teaching CAD applications and utilization. He has received a letter of appreciation for his work on the DDG-51 ship design and has earned several superior achievement awards while involved in such projects as the battleship modernization and CIWS. Mr. Ayers has been a project leader for the LHA and FF-1052 class of ships and for a number of other ships undergoing construction. He is also an active member of ASNE. Patrick J. Callahan:is the manager of the Computer Aided Design Branch of the Computer Applications Directorate at Designers & Planners Inc. Mr. Callahan worked at General Dynamics Electric Boat Division for 10 years where he was involved in CAD detail design efforts for the SSBN-726 class and the SSN-688 class submarines. In 1984 he joined M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. and was CAD design supervisor overseeing the operations of their CAD system. Currently managing the CAD Branch at D&P he is responsible for a variety of CAD projects such as being a key member of the DDG-51 Computer Aided Ship Design Program developing procedures and documentation for systems operation. He served as project manager for the IGES conversion of 650 FFG-7 class drawings from a McAuto to a Computervision database. Most recently he was responsible for generating the digital drawing package for the AO-177 (Jumbo) contract design. Ben Kassel:received his BSME from the University of Maine in 1981 and joined the David Taylor Research Center as a mechanical design engineer and later became the CAD/CAM system

This paper describes how the Naval Sea systems Command (NavSea) applied computer-aided design (CAD) to the DDG-51 class ship design. CAD tools and techniques are described along with a discussion on how new modes of operation, procedures, and standards are being introduced to take full advantage of CAD technology. Because geometric modeling techniques and geometric model analysis are major purposes of a CAD system they are described in detail. An explanation of how the model interfaces with other design tools is also presented. A summary of the computer applications implemented during the DDG-51 design is provided and areas which require additional consideration and future development are identified.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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NTDS - A PAGE IN NAVAL HISTORY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 53-61页

作者： SWENSON, EN MAHINSKE, EB STOUTENBURGH, JS Capt. Erick N. Swenson USNR (Ret.):is a project manager for special projects in the Surface Ship Systems Division Hughes Aircraft Company Fullerton Calif where he has been employed since his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1975. Originally trained as an electronics technician during WWII in the Captain Eddy program he later received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Rochester Rochester N. Y. in 1950. Subsequent engineering education was received at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Penn. and the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif. After commissioning he was ordered to duty as the electronics division officer on the USSMissouri(BB-63) and electronics ships superintendent at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco Calif. When the design of the Naval Tactical Data System began in the mid-1950s Lt. (j.g.) Swenson was ordered to the Bureau of Ships Navy Department Washington D.C. as the junior engineering duty only officer assigned to the project. From 1962 to 1965 LCdr. Swenson was assigned as the BuShips technical representative on the program at Remington Rand Univac St. Paul Minn. For the next ten years he returned to BuShips/NavSea/NAVSEC as the NTDS project officer. During this time the project expanded considerably foreign military sales were heavily involved and interoperability with other services and countries were established. His final effort on active duty was to instigate the redesign of the previousSpruanceclass destroyers into the newerAdmiral Kiddclass improvement program. He is a registered professional electrical engineer in the State of California listed inWho's Who in the Worldis a life member of ASNE and chairman of the Long Beach/Greater LA Section. Capt. Edmund B. Mahinske USN (Ret.):is an alumnus of the U.S. Naval Academy the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Business School. His technical background is in electronics and he specialized in the management of programs involving the application of comp

A little over thirty years ago, a group of naval engineers were assembled by the Bureau of Ships to develop a new system approach to the combat information center (CIC). The CIC of World War II, with its “grease pencil” plots and voice telling of tactical information from sensors and other ships, could no longer provide the timely, coordinated reaction to postwar threats. This project group led the Navy into the new world of large-scale, high-speed digital electronics and into a new mode of conducting naval warfare as well. There were no off-the-shelf computers of the requisite capability, size and reliability; what were available were monstrous vacuum tube computers. There were no display equipments that were “conversant” in both the digital language of the computer and the analog language of the sensors and the weapon systems. Who ever heard, at that time, of a computer running a tactical communication net automatically? It was hard enough to find sufficient numbers of engineers who knew what a digital computer was. This paper, by three naval engineers in the implementing engineering office, depicts the evolvement of the Naval Tactical Data systems (NTDS) as they saw it. It discusses the problems that stemmed from the transition from the old world of analog into the new digital world, the system concepts that steered the development; the key decisions that were made; new electronic equipment and processes that became necessary; and the need of the mangagement to face the real world of deadlines, ship schedules and operational requirements.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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An automated medical record system for a skilled nursing facility

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Journal of Medical systems 1987年第5期11卷 367-380页

作者： Weiler, Philip G. Thorpe, Linda Walters, Richard Chiriboga, David From the Department of Community Health Center for Aging and Health United States the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Computer Science University of California Davis United States D-M Information Systems Inc. United States the Clinical Gerontology Program School of Allied Health Sciences University of Texas United States

This paper reports on the development of an on-line automated medical record system suitable for nursing homes. The software was written in standard MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utilities Multi-programming System) and is easy for the first-time user to operate. The data managed by the system may be divided into four major components, including text tables, the hierarchical problem dictionary, the patient admission data, and the care plan data. The system met all of the project's objectives and has been enthusiastically received by the nursing home staff. © 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

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