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arXiv 2018年

作者： Niizato, Takayuki Sakamoto, Kotaro Mototake, Yoh-ichi Murakami, Hisashi Tomaru, Takenori Hoshika, Tomotaro Fukushima, Toshiki Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Japan Human Biology Program University of Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Japan

Collective behaviour is known to be the result of diverse dynamics and is sometimes likened to a living system. Although many studies have revealed the dynamics of various collective behaviours, their main focus was on the information process inside the collective, not on the whole system itself. For example, the qualitative difference between two elements and three elements as a system has rarely been investigated. Tononi et al. have proposed Integrated Information Theory (IIT) to measure the degree of consciousness Φ. IIT postulates that the amount of information loss caused by certain partitions is equivalent to the degree of information integration in the system. This measure is not only useful for estimating the degree of consciousness but can also be applied to more general network systems. Here we applied IIT (in particular, IIT 3.0 using PyPhi) to analyse real fish schools (Plecoglossus altivelis). Our hypothesis in this study is a very simple one: a living system evolves to raise its Φ value. If we accept this hypothesis, IIT reveals the existence of continuous and discontinuous properties as group size varies. For example, leadership in the fish school emerged for a school size of four or above;but not below three. Furthermore, this transition was not observed by measuring mutual information or in a simple Boids model. This result suggests that integrated information Φ can reveal some inherent properties which cannot be observed using other measures. We also discuss how the fish recognition of the figure-ground relation, that is, what determines the relevant ON and OFF states, may reveal various optimal paths for obtaining the functional evolution of collective behaviour. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information theory

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Publisher Correction: Reference component analysis of single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors

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Nature genetics 2023年第1期55卷 166页

作者： Huipeng Li Elise T Courtois Debarka Sengupta Yuliana Tan Kok Hao Chen Jolene Jie Lin Goh Say Li Kong Clarinda Chua Lim Kiat Hon Wah Siew Tan Mark Wong Paul Jongjoon Choi Lawrence J K Wee Axel M Hillmer Iain Beehuat Tan Paul Robson Shyam Prabhakar Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Center for Computational Biology Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi India. Synthetic Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. Data Analytics Department Institute for Infocomm Research Singapore Singapore. Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. paul.robson@***. The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA. paul.robson@***. Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Institute for Systems Genomics University of Connecticut Farmington Connecticut USA. paul.robson@***. Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore. paul.robson@***. Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. prabhakars@gis.a-star.edu.sg.

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Web based testing application security system using semantic comparison method 2

Web based testing application security system using semantic...

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2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and engineering, NICTE 2018

作者： Iskandar, Akbar Fahlepi Tuasamu, Muhammad Resa Syamsu, Suryadi Mansyur, M. Listyorini, Tri Sallu, Sulfikar Supriyono, S. Saddhono, Kundharu Napitupulu, Darmawan Rahim, Robbi Informatics Engineering STMIK AKBA Makassar Indonesia Graduate Program Universitas Negeri Makassar Makassar Indonesia Informatics Engineering Universitas Maria Kudus Central Java Indonesia Computer Information Systems Universitas Sembilan Belas November Kolaka Indonesia Department of Geography Education Universitas Prof Dr Hazairin SH Bengkulu Indonesia Indonesian Language Education Departement Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Research Center for Quality System and Testing Technology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Sukma Medan Indonesia

computer and web security system is an attempt to avoid attacks from crackers because a form and method of crime on internet network can not be predicted. Therefore, we just keep trying to use various methods in securing the system that is running. It is the same in web testing that can be accessed online by people who are not responsible from along distance to change and remove the test results or even damage the web testing system. So, the purpose of this paper is to design and implement web security testing system by using semantic comparison method to avoid structured query language injection (SQLI) attack and to do security on web testing application using Message Digest 5 encryption (MD5). Research data were obtained by using direct observation and documentation and literature review. After the design and application of the system, it can be obtained that by using semantic comparison method in web testing can prevent the occurrence of SQL injection attacks and can secure account from web testing users by using MD5. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Semantics

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Sherlock: Capturing Probe Requests for Automatic Presence Detection

Sherlock: Capturing Probe Requests for Automatic Presence De...

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International Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Luiz Oliveira João Henrique Daniel Schneider Jano de Souza Sérgio Rodriques Weiming Sherr IFRJ Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Tércio Pacitti Institute of Computer Applications and Research (NCE) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil National Research Council Canada Constructicn Research Centre Canada

The ubiquity of smartphones creates great opportunities for participatory sensing, where people can implicitly contribute observations about their local environments through sensors such as cameras and accelerometers. The collected data can then be aggregated and used to benefit the crowd in some way. In this paper, we report on the current development of Sherlock, a device capable of automatically detecting the presence of people in localities through evidences left by smartphones called probe requests, without any user intervention. To validate the proposed mechanism implemented in the device, we performed an experiment with ten participants in six rounds where it was possible to automatically detect 41 presence events, of which 66% could be detected within less than 30s. The implicit crowdsourcing mechanism behind this approach may allow real-time monitoring of people flows in public environments, which can enable, among other things, energy systems to be automatically orchestrated according to demand, reducing associated costs.

关键词： Probes Wireless fidelity Smart phones Wireless networks Monitoring Prototypes

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Improvements on Interpolation Techniques based on Linear programming for Constrained Control

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2017年第1期50卷 1403-1408页

作者： Rubin D. Mercader P. Nguyen H.-N. Gutman P.-O. Baños A. Autonomous Systems Program Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Computer and System Engineering University of Murcia Murcia Spain Control Signal and System Department IFP Energies Nouvelles Lyon France Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

We present some improvements on interpolation based control (IC) for linear discrete-time systems with polyhedral constraints on the control and the states variables. The plant may be uncertain, time-varying, and subject to bounded disturbances. Roughly speaking, IC approach is based on the interpolation between an inner and an outer controller. The extension presented here is twofold. On the one hand, the IC approach is extended to deal with higher order inner controllers, making it e.g. possible to incorporate integral action in a vicinity of the origin. On the other hand, this paper presents a modification that better exploits the control signal range. As with previous IC strategies, the presented method demands relatively low online computational resources, and is applicable also to uncertain plants. The benefits of the improved scheme are illustrated in some examples. © 2017

关键词： Constrained control Linear programing Model predictive optimization-based control Robust control Time-varying systems

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The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

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Cell 2025年第12期188卷 3167-3183.e18页

作者： Pekar, Jonathan E. Lytras, Spyros Ghafari, Mahan Magee, Andrew F. Parker, Edyth Wang, Yu Ji, Xiang Havens, Jennifer L. Katzourakis, Aris Vasylyeva, Tetyana I. Suchard, Marc A. Hughes, Alice C. Hughes, Joseph Rambaut, Andrew Robertson, David L. Dellicour, Simon Worobey, Michael Wertheim, Joel O. Lemey, Philippe Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Division of Systems Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Medical Research Council University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla 92037 CA United States Institute of Genomics and Global Health Redeemer's University Osun State Ede Nigeria Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Mathematics School of Science and Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA United States Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention University of California Irvine Irvine 92617 CA United States Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States Department of Computational Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States School of Biological Sciences University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong China Biodiversity Green Development Foundation Beijing China Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL) Université Libre de Bruxelles CP160/12 50 av. FD Roosevelt Bruxelles 1050 Belgium Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Rega Institute

The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to increased sampling of sarbecoviruses circulating in horseshoe bats. Employing phylogenetic inference while accounting for recombination of bat sarbecoviruses, we find that the closest-inferred bat virus ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 existed less than a decade prior to their emergence in humans. Phylogeographic analyses show bat sarbecoviruses traveled at rates approximating their horseshoe bat hosts and circulated in Asia for millennia. We find that the direct ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to have reached their respective sites of emergence via dispersal in the bat reservoir alone, supporting interactions with intermediate hosts through wildlife trade playing a role in zoonotic spillover. These results can guide future sampling efforts and demonstrate that viral genomic regions extremely closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in horseshoe bats, confirming their importance as the reservoir species for SARS viruses. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： molecular epidemiology phylogeography sarbecoviruses virus evolution

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Who is right? Evaluating empirical contradictions in the readability & comprehensibility of source code 20

Who is right? Evaluating empirical contradictions in the rea...

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20th Ibero-American Conference on Software engineering, CIbSE 2017

作者： Ribeiro, Talita Vieira Travassos, Guilherme Horta PESC/COPPE/UFRJ - Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program Centro de Tecnologia Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária Bloco H Sala 319 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789873806988

Context: Several code guidelines aim at providing a common perspective on the readability and comprehensibility of source code. However, in many cases, they are contradictory on how to improve these quality characteristics. Objective: To analyze the influence of three contradictory source code attributes - indentation spacing, identifier length and code size - on the source code reada-bility and comprehensibility, interpreting whether programming experience and domain knowledge can support explaining these contradictions. Method: To per-form an empirical study with software developers collecting quantitative (Likert scale) and qualitative data to assess the readability and comprehensibility of de-velopers regarding Python snippets. To observe eventual perceptions contradic-tions and whether their levels of experience and knowledge have something to do with such contrary results. Results: Regardless their programming experience, 4-spaces indentation dominated the readability preference of participants. While the readability and comprehensibility preferences towards long and complete-word identifiers were mostly true for both novice/experts, developers with more experience and low domain knowledge level seemed to be more affected by the length of identifiers. Furthermore, while all participants showed more positive comprehensibility perceptions for Pythin snippets with more lines of code, their readability perceptions regardnig code size were contradictory since the less experienced participants preferred more lines of code and the more experienced ones prefer fewer lines. Conclusion: The results presented in the technical literature seemed to be caused by the interchangeable use of the readability and comprehensibility concepts. Further investigation is still needed to observe whether other confounding factors might support the explanation of such contrary results.

关键词： Codes (symbols)

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Current and future uses of UAS for improved forecasts/warnings and scientific studies

Current and future uses of UAS for improved forecasts/warnin...

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作者： McFarquhar, Greg M. Smith, Elizabeth Pillar-Little, Elizabeth A. Brewster, Keith Chilson, Phillip B. Lee, Temple R. Waugh, Sean Yussouf, Nusrat Wang, Xuguang Xue, Ming de Boer, Gijs Gibbs, Jeremy A. Fiebrich, Chris Baker, Bruce Brotzge, Jerry Carr, Frederick Christophersen, Hui Fengler, Martin Hall, Philip Hock, Terry Houston, Adam Huck, Robert Jacob, Jamey Palmer, Robert Quinn, Patricia K. Wagner, Melissa Zhang, Yan Hawk, Darren Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of Oklahoma NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOK United States School of Meteorology Center for Autonomous Sensing and Sampling University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States NOAA Air Resources Laboratory/Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division Oak RidgeTN United States NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOK United States Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States School of Meteorology Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Cooperative Institute for Research on Environmental Studies University of Colorado Boulder NOAA Physical Sciences Division BoulderCO United States Oklahoma Climatological Survey University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division Oak RidgeTN United States University at Albany State University of New York AlbanyNY United States Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division MiamiFL United States Meteomatics AG Saint Gall Switzerland NOAA Unmanned Aircraft Systems Program Office Silver SpringMD United States National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO United States University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska United States Advanced Technology Initiatives Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma DuranOK United States Oklahoma State University Stillwate

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An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search with Learning Automata for the Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem

An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search with Learning Automata...

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2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2017

作者： Cota, Luciano Perdigao Guimaraes, Frederico Gadelha De Oliveira, Fernando B. Souza, Marcone J. Freitas Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Computer and Systems Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto João Monlevade Brazil Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046010

This work deals with the Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem with Setup Times, with the objective of minimizing the makespan. It is proposed an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) metaheuristic using Learning Automata (LA) to adapt the probabilities of using removal and insertion heuristics and methods. A computable function in the LA updates the probability vector for selecting the actions, corresponding to six removal and six insertion methods. We also propose a new insertion method based on Hungarian algorithm, which is applied to solve subproblems optimally. Computational experiments are performed to verify the performance of the proposed method. A set of instances available in the literature with problems up to 150 jobs and 10 machines is employed in the experiments. The proposed LA-ALNS is compared against three other algorithms from the literature. The results suggest that our algorithm has better performance in most of cases (88%) under the defined conditions of experiments. Statistical tests also suggest that LA-ALNS is better than the other algorithms from the literature. The proposed method is able to automatically choose the most suitable heuristics for the instance of the problem, through adaptation and learning in the Learning Automata. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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TOI-2458 b: A mini-Neptune consistent with in situ hot Jupiter formation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Šubjak, Jan Gandolfi, Davide Goffo, Elisa Rapetti, David Jankowski, Dawid Mizuki, Toshiyuki Dai, Fei Serrano, Luisa M. Wilson, Thomas G. Goździewski, Krzysztof Nowak, Grzegorz Jenkins, Jon M. Twicken, Joseph D. Winn, Joshua N. Bieryla, Allyson Ciardi, David R. Cochran, William D. Collins, Karen A. Deeg, Hans J. Garcia, Rafael A. Guenther, Eike W. Hatzes, Artie P. Kabath, Petr Korth, Judith Latham, David W. Livingston, John H. Lund, Michael B. Mathur, Savita Narita, Norio Orell-Miquel, Jaume Palle, Enric Persson, Carina M. Redfield, Seth Schwarz, Richard P. Watanabe, David Ziegler, Carl Astronomical Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Fričova 298 Ondřejov251 65 Czech Republic Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Dipartimento di Fisica Universita degli Studi di Torino via Pietro Giuria 1 TorinoI-10125 Italy Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Sternwarte 5 Tautenburg07778 Germany NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Universities Space Research Association WashingtonDC20024 United States Institute of Astronomy Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziadzka 5 Toruń87-100 Poland Astrobiology Center of NINS 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-2 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom SETI Institute Mountain ViewCA94043 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States NASA Exoplanet Science Institute-Caltech/IPAC PasadenaCA91125 United States McDonald Observatory The University of Texas AustinTX United States Center for Planetary Systems Habitability The University of Texas AustinTX United States C. Via Lactea S/N Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Dept. de Astrofisica Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain Universite Paris-Saclay Universite Paris Cite CEA CNRS AIM Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Lund Observatory Division of Astrophysics Department of Physics Lund University Box 118 Lund22100 Sweden Astronomical Science Program Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Komaba Institute for Science The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo153-8902 Japan Chalmers University of Technology Departmen

We report on the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of TOI-2458 b, a transiting mini-Neptune around an F-type star leaving the mainsequence with a mass of M*= 1.05 ± 0.03Mo, a radius of R*= 1.31 ± 0.03 Ro, an effective temperature of Teff = 6005 ± 50 K, and a metallicity of -0.10 ± 0.05 dex. By combining TESS photometry with high-resolution spectra acquired with the HARPS spectrograph, we found that the transiting planet has an orbital period of ∼3.74 days, a mass of Mp = 13.31±0.99M⊕ and a radius of Rp = 2.83±0.20 R⊕. The host star TOI-2458 shows a short activity cycle of ∼54 days revealed in the HARPS S-index and Hα times series. We took the opportunity to investigate other F stars showing activity cycle periods comparable to that of TOI-2458 and found that they have shorter rotation periods than would be expected based on the gyrochronology predictions. In addition, we determined TOI-2458's stellar inclination angle to be i*= 10.6+13.3 -10.6 degrees. We discuss that both phenomena (fast stellar rotation and planet orbit inclination) could be explained by in situ formation of a hot Jupiter interior to TOI-2458 b. It is plausible that this hot Jupiter was recently engulfed by the star. Analysis of HARPS spectra has identified the presence of another planet with a period of P = 16.55 ± 0.06 days and a minimum mass of Mp sin i = 10.22 ± 1.90M⊕. Using dynamical stability analysis, we constrained the mass of this planet to the range Mc (10, 25)M⊕. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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