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Author Correction: An interpretable machine learning system for colorectal cancer diagnosis from pathology slides

NPJ precision oncology 2024年第1期8卷 83页

作者： Pedro C Neto Diana Montezuma Sara P Oliveira Domingos Oliveira João Fraga Ana Monteiro João Monteiro Liliana Ribeiro Sofia Gonçalves Stefan Reinhard Inti Zlobec Isabel M Pinto Jaime S Cardoso Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science (INESC TEC) R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Porto Portugal. pedro.d.carneiro@inesctec.pt. Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Porto Portugal. pedro.d.carneiro@inesctec.pt. IMP Diagnostics Praça do Bom Sucesso 61 sala 808 Porto 4150-146 Porto Portugal. diana.felizardo@***. Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865 Porto 4200-072 Porto Portugal. diana.felizardo@***. Doctoral Programme in Medical Sciences School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228 Porto 4050-313 Porto Portugal. diana.felizardo@***. Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science (INESC TEC) R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Porto Portugal. s.oliveira@nki.nl. Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Porto Portugal. s.oliveira@nki.nl. IMP Diagnostics Praça do Bom Sucesso 61 sala 808 Porto 4150-146 Porto Portugal. Department of Pathology IPO-Porto R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865 Porto 4200-072 Porto Portugal. Institute of Pathology University of Bern Uni Bern Murtenstrasse 31 Bern 3008 Bern Switzerland. Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science (INESC TEC) R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Porto Portugal. Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Porto Portugal.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Cell trajectory modulation: rapid microfluidic biophysical profiling of CAR T cell functional phenotypes

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4775页

作者： Kerwin Kwek Zeming Kai Yun Quek Wei-Xiang Sin Denise Bei Lin Teo Ka-Wai Cheung Chin Ren Goh Faris Kairi Elizabeth Lee Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng Lim Michaela Su-Fern Seng Shui Yen Soh Michael E Birnbaum Jongyoon Han Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Singapore Singapore. kerwin@smart.mit.edu. Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Singapore Singapore. Department of Haematology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme Sing Health Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre Singapore Singapore. SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre Singapore Singapore. Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore Singapore. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Singapore Singapore. jyhan@mit.edu. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. jyhan@mit.edu. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. jyhan@mit.edu.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a pivotal treatment for hematological malignancies. However, CAR T cell products exhibit batch-to-batch variability in cell number, quality, and in vivo efficacy due to donor-to-donor heterogeneity, and pre/post-manufacturing processes, and the manufacturing of such products necessitates careful testing, both post-manufacturing and pre-infusion. Here, we introduce the Cell Trajectory Modulation (CTM) assay, a microfluidic, label-free approach for the rapid evaluation of the functional attributes of CAR T cells based on biophysical features (i.e., size, deformability). CTM assay correlates with phenotypic metrics, including CD4:CD8 ratio, memory subtypes, and cytotoxic activity. Validated across multiple donors and culture platforms, the CTM assay requires fewer than 10,000 cells and delivers results within 10 minutes. Compared to labeled flow cytometry processing, the CTM assay offers real-time data to guide adaptive manufacturing workflows. Thus, the CTM assay offers an improvement over existing phenotypic assessments, marking a step forward in advancing CAR T cell therapy manufacturing.

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Considering discrepancy when calibrating a mechanistic electrophysiology model

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lei, Chon Lok Ghosh, Sanmitra Whittaker, Dominic G. Aboelkassem, Yasser Beattie, Kylie A. Cantwell, Chris D. Delhaas, Tammo Houston, Charles Novaes, Gustavo Montes Panfilov, Alexander V. Pathmanathan, Pras Riabiz, Marina Weber dos Santos, Rodrigo Worden, Keith Mirams, Gary R. Wilkinson, Richard D. Computational Biology & Health Informatics Dept. of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge United Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego United States Systems Modeling and Translational Biology GlaxoSmithKline R&D Stevenage United Kingdom ElectroCardioMaths Programme Centre for Cardiac Engineering Imperial College London United Kingdom CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Netherlands Graduate Program in Computational Modeling Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent University Belgium Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russia U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories United States Department of Biomedical Engineering King’s College London Alan Turing Institute United Kingdom Dynamics Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sheffield United Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield United Kingdom

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a vital step in using mathematical models and simulations to take decisions. The field of cardiac simulation has begun to explore and adopt UQ methods to characterise uncertainty in model inputs and how that propagates through to outputs or predictions. In this perspective piece we draw attention to an important and under-addressed source of uncertainty in our predictions — that of uncertainty in the model structure or the equations themselves. The difference between imperfect models and reality is termed model discrepancy, and we are often uncertain as to the size and consequences of this discrepancy. Here we provide two examples of the consequences of discrepancy when calibrating models at the ion channel and action potential scales. Furthermore, we attempt to account for this discrepancy when calibrating and validating an ion channel model using different methods, based on modelling the discrepancy using Gaussian processes (GPs) and autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) models, then highlight the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. Finally, suggestions and lines of enquiry for future work are provided. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Efficient charge-spin conversion and magnetization switching through the Rashba effect at topological-insulator/Ag interfaces

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Physical Review B 2018年第4期97卷 041115(R)-041115(R)页

作者： Shuyuan Shi Aizhu Wang Yi Wang Rajagopalan Ramaswamy Lei Shen Jisoo Moon Dapeng Zhu Jiawei Yu Seongshik Oh Yuanping Feng Hyunsoo Yang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117542 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering & Engineering Science Programme National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey 08854 USA

We report the observation of efficient charge-to-spin conversion in the three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 and Ag bilayer by the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance technique. The spin-orbit-torque ratio in the Bi2Se3/Ag/CoFeB heterostructure shows a significant enhancement as the Ag thickness increases to ∼2 nm and reaches a value of 0.5 for 5 nm Ag, which is ∼3 times higher than that of Bi2Se3/CoFeB at room temperature. The observation reveals the interfacial effect of Bi2Se3/Ag exceeds that of the topological surface states (TSSs) in the Bi2Se3 layer and plays a dominant role in the charge-to-spin conversion in the Bi2Se3/Ag/CoFeB system. Based on first-principles calculations, we attribute our observation to the large Rashba splitting bands which wrap the TSS band and have the same net spin polarization direction as the TSS of Bi2Se3. Subsequently, we demonstrate Rashba-induced magnetization switching in Bi2Se3/Ag/Py with a low current density of 5.8×105A/cm2.

关键词： First-principles calculations Magnetotransport Spin current Spin-orbit coupling Spintronics Surface states Topological materials Topological phases of matter

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Tungsten boride: a 2D multiple dirac semimetal for hydrogen evolution reaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Wang, Aizhu Shen, Lei Zhao, Mingwen Wang, Junru Li, Weifeng Zhou, Weijia Feng, Yuanping Liu, Hong Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research University of Jinan JinanShandong250022 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117579 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Science Programme Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117575 Singapore School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University JinanShandong250100 China Department of Physics & Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials National University of Singapore Singapore117542 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University JinanShandong250100 China

Here, we propose a two-dimensional (2D) tungsten boride (WB4) lattice, with the Gibbs free energy for the adsorption of atomic hydrogen (ΔGH) tending to be the ideal value (0 eV) at 3% strained state, to host a better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Based on first-principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the multiple d-p-π and d-p-σ Dirac conjugations of WB4 lattice ensures its excellent electronic transport characteristics. Meanwhile, coupling with the d-orbitals of W, the p-orbitals of borophene subunits in WB4 lattice can modulate the d band center to get a good HER performance. Our results not only provide a versatile platform for hosting multiple Dirac semimetal states with a "sandwich" configuration, but also offer a guiding principle for discovering the relationship between intrinsic properties of the active center and the catalytic activity of metal layer from the emerging field of 2D noble-metal-free lattices. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calculations

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Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals (Mar, 10.1038/s41586-022-04492-9, 2022)

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NATURE 2022年第7911期605卷 E11-E11页

作者： Marek, Scott Tervo-Clemmens, Brenden Calabro, Finnegan J. Montez, David F. Kay, Benjamin P. Hatoum, Alexander S. Donohue, Meghan Rose Foran, William Miller, Ryland L. Hendrickson, Timothy J. Malone, Stephen M. Kandala, Sridhar Feczko, Eric Miranda-Dominguez, Oscar Graham, Alice M. Earl, Eric A. Perrone, Anders J. Cordova, Michaela Doyle, Olivia Moore, Lucille A. Conan, Gregory M. Uriarte, Johnny Snider, Kathy Lynch, Benjamin J. Wilgenbusch, James C. Pengo, Thomas Tam, Angela Chen, Jianzhong Newbold, Dillan J. Zheng, Annie Seider, Nicole A. Van, Andrew N. Metoki, Athanasia Chauvin, Roselyne J. Laumann, Timothy O. Greene, Deanna J. Petersen, Steven E. Garavan, Hugh Thompson, Wesley K. Nichols, Thomas E. Yeo, B. T. Thomas Barch, Deanna M. Luna, Beatriz Fair, Damien A. Dosenbach, Nico U. F. Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Washington University in St Louis St Louis MO USA Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St Louis St Louis MO USA Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Program in Occupational Therapy Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA University of Minnesota Informatics Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN USA Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN USA Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Institute of Child Development University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Sleep and Cognition National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Translational MR Research National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore N.1 Institute for Health Institute for Digital Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Sing

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The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future

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The Lancet 2021年第10311期398卷 1619-1662页

作者： Romanello, Marina McGushin, Alice Di Napoli, Claudia Drummond, Paul Hughes, Nick Jamart, Louis Kennard, Harry Lampard, Pete Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar Arnell, Nigel Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja Belesova, Kristine Cai, Wenjia Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid Capstick, Stuart Chambers, Jonathan Chu, Lingzhi Ciampi, Luisa Dalin, Carole Dasandi, Niheer Dasgupta, Shouro Davies, Michael Dominguez-Salas, Paula Dubrow, Robert Ebi, Kristie L Eckelman, Matthew Ekins, Paul Escobar, Luis E Georgeson, Lucien Grace, Delia Graham, Hilary Gunther, Samuel H Hartinger, Stella He, Kehan Heaviside, Clare Hess, Jeremy Hsu, Shih-Che Jankin, Slava Jimenez, Marcia P Kelman, Ilan Kiesewetter, Gregor Kinney, Patrick L Kjellstrom, Tord Kniveton, Dominic Lee, Jason K W Lemke, Bruno Liu, Yang Liu, Zhao Lott, Melissa Lowe, Rachel Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime Maslin, Mark McAllister, Lucy McMichael, Celia Mi, Zhifu Milner, James Minor, Kelton Mohajeri, Nahid Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Morrissey, Karyn Munzert, Simon Murray, Kris A Neville, Tara Nilsson, Maria Obradovich, Nick Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo Oreszczyn, Tadj Otto, Matthias Owfi, Fereidoon Pearman, Olivia Pencheon, David Rabbaniha, Mahnaz Robinson, Elizabeth Rocklöv, Joacim Salas, Renee N Semenza, Jan C Sherman, Jodi Shi, Liuhua Springmann, Marco Tabatabaei, Meisam Taylor, Jonathon Trinanes, Joaquin Shumake-Guillemot, Joy Vu, Bryan Wagner, Fabian Wilkinson, Paul Winning, Matthew Yglesias, Marisol Zhang, Shihui Gong, Peng Montgomery, Hugh Costello, Anthony Hamilton, Ian Institute for Global Health University College London London UK United Kingdom Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK United Kingdom UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK United Kingdom Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK United Kingdom Department of Geography University College London London UK United Kingdom The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London London UK United Kingdom Centre for Human Health and Performance University College London London UK United Kingdom School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading United Kingdom The Walker Institute University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Department of Health Sciences University of York York United Kingdom Institute for Environment and Human Security United Nations University Bonn Germany Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT United States School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Economic analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatic

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Efficient charge-spin conversion and magnetization switching though Rashba effect at topological insulator/AG interface

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Shi, Shuyuan Wang, Aizhu Wang, Yi Ramaswamy, Rajagopalan Shen, Lei Moon, Jisoo Zhu, Dapeng Yu, Jiawei Oh, Seongshik Feng, Yuanping Yang, Hyunsoo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore 117542 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering & Engineering Science Programme National University of Singapore Singapore117575 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers State University of New Jersey PiscatawayNJ08854 United States

We report the observation of efficient charge-to-spin conversion in the three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3and Ag bilayer by the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance technique. The spin orbit torque ratio in the Bi2Se3/Ag/CoFeB heterostructure shows a significant enhancement as the Ag thickness increases to ∼2 nm and reaches a value of 0.5 for 5 nm Ag, which is ∼3 times higher than that of Bi2Se3/CoFeB at room temperature. The observation reveals the interfacial effect of Bi2Se3/Ag exceeds that of the topological surface states (TSS) in the Bi2Se3layer and plays a dominant role in the charge-to-spin conversion in the Bi2Se3/Ag/CoFeB system. Based on the first-principles calculations, we attribute our observation to the large Rashba-splitting bands which wrap the TSS band and has the same net spin polarization direction as TSS of Bi2Se3. Subsequently, we demonstrate for the first time the Rashba induced magnetization switching in Bi2Se3/Ag/Py with a low current density of 5.8 105A/cm2. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calculations

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Mobile Health–Supported Virtual Reality and Group Problem Management Plus: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial Among Urban Refugee and Displaced Youth in Kampala, Uganda (Tushirikiane4MH, Supporting Each Other for Mental Health)

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JMIR Research Protocols 2022年第12期11卷 e42342页

作者： Logie, Carmen H. Okumu, Moses Kortenaar, Jean-Luc Gittings, Lesley Khan, Naimul Hakiza, Robert Musoke, Daniel Kibuuka Nakitende, Aidah Katisi, Brenda Kyambadde, Peter Khan, Torsum Lester, Richard Mbuagbaw, Lawrence Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Women's College Research Institute Women's College Hospital Toronto ON Canada Institute for Water Environment & Health United Nations University Hamilton ON Canada Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity Vancouver BC Canada School of Social Work University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States School of Social Sciences Uganda Christian University Mukono Uganda Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada School of Health Studies Faculty of Health Sciences Western University London ON Canada Centre for Social Science Research University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada Young African Refugees for Integral Development Kampala Uganda International Research Consortium Kampala Uganda National AIDS and STI Control Programme Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda Most At Risk Population Initiative Mulago Hospital Kampala Uganda Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Department of Anesthesia McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Department of Pediatrics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Biostatistics Unit Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa

Background: Although mental health challenges disproportionately affect people in humanitarian contexts, most refugee youth do not receive the mental health support needed. Uganda is the largest refugee-hosting nation in Africa, hosting over 1.58 million refugees in 2022, with more than 111,000 living in the city of Kampala. There is limited information about effective and feasible interventions to improve mental health outcomes and mental health literacy, and to reduce mental health stigma among urban refugee adolescents and youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Virtual reality (VR) is a promising approach to reduce stigma and improve mental health and coping, yet such interventions have not yet been tested in LMICs where most forcibly displaced people reside. Group Problem Management Plus (GPM+) is a scalable brief psychological transdiagnostic intervention for people experiencing a range of adversities, but has not been tested with adolescents and youth to date. Further, mobile health (mHealth) strategies have demonstrated promise in promoting mental health literacy. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of two youth-tailored mental health interventions (VR alone and VR combined with GMP+) in comparison with the standard of care in improving mental health outcomes among refugee and displaced youth aged 16-24 years in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: A three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will be implemented across five informal settlements grouped into three sites, based on proximity, and randomized in a 1:1:1 design. Approximately 330 adolescents (110 per cluster) are enrolled and will be followed for approximately 16 weeks. Data will be collected at three time points: baseline enrollment, 8 weeks following enrollment, and 16 weeks after enrollment. Primary (depression) and secondary outcomes (mental health literacy, attitudes toward mental help–seeking, adaptive coping, mental health stigma, mental well

关键词： adolescents and youth implementation research mental health mobile health refugee Uganda urban virtual reality

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