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作者： Sun, Xiaoduan Li, Yuebin Magri, Dan Shirazi, Hadi H. Civil Engineering Department University of Louisiana P.O. Box 42291 Lafayette LA 70504 United States URS Corporation 335 Commerce Drive Fort Washington PA 19034 United States Office of Planning and Programming Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development P.O. Box 94245 Baton Rouge LA 70804 United States Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development 1201 Capital Access Road Baton Rouge LA 70802 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0309099595

Predicting highway safety performance in quantitative terms on the basis of a set of highway geometric design and traffic control features is the core of the ongoing Highway Safety Manual (HSM) development. While great efforts have been made to develop safety performance models for different types of highways, evaluating the applicability of the models with crash data from states that were not used in the original model development is equally important. This step is critical in future HSM applications because of many noticeable differences in crash data recording practice and driving behaviors across the various states. Potential application concerns need to be evaluated fully and addressed before the manual is officially published. This paper presents the application experience of the safety prediction models and methodology for segments of two-lane rural roads as proposed for inclusion in Part III of the HSM. The study used data for state routes in Louisiana. The results indicate that the prediction models performed reasonably well: there were small differences between the observed and predicted crash frequencies, with calibration parameters applied, for all segments on rural two-lane high-ways in Louisiana. The results at different analysis levels (from individual segments to a network of segments) are summarized, and several application issues such as the level of effort versus degree of accuracy, simplification of the calibration process, and the need for a reliability measurement are discussed.

关键词： Highway traffic control

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OREGON'S GET TOUGH SENTENCING REFORM: A LESSON IN JUSTICE SYSTEM ADAPTATION

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Criminology & Public Policy 2006年第1期5卷

作者： NANCY MERRITT TERRY FAIN SUSAN TURNER Extensive experience conducting justice system policy studies at the state and local level. As a Policy Analyst with the RAND Corporation and government agencies she designed and directed studies focused on the development implementation and evaluation of sentencing policy as well as juvenile and adult correctional programs. Her current work focuses on the implementation and impact of mandatory sentencing laws cross-jurisdictional variations in their application and the effects of prosecutorial discretion. Additional areas of interest include the development implementation and evaluation of juvenile justice programming. Ms. Merritt received her M.S. from the Pennsylvania State University University Park and is a Ph.D. candidate with the Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice. M.A. M.S. is a Senior project associate in the Behavioral Sciences Department at RAND Corporation. He has extensive research experience in criminal justice and substance abuse. He is expert in computer statistical techniques as well as in managing large datasets. He has conducted analysis for many RAND projects and is author or co-author of numerous publications both from RAND and in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include alternatives to incarceration substance abuse and treatment racial disparities in prison admissions and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Professor in the Department of Criminology Law and Society at the University of California's Irvine campus. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has led a variety of research projects including studies on racial disparity field experiments of private sector alternatives for serious juvenile offenders work release day fines and a 14–site evaluation of intensive supervision probation. Dr. Turner's areas of expertise include the design and implementation of randomized field experiments and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. He

Research Summary: Oregon's Measure 11, a mandatory minimum sentencing policy passed in 1994, had fewer negative system impacts than had been anticipated by many state and local criminal justice administrators, due largely to the fact that prosecutors exercised the discretion provided them under the law to selectively prosecute cases. Consequently, fewer Measure 11-eligible cases were sentenced under the relevant statues than before passage of the measure, and more were sentenced to lesser related offenses. At the same time, incarceration rates and sentence lengths increased for both Measure 11 and lesser related offenses. Trial rates increased for two years after Measure 11 took effect before reverting to previous levels. Policy Implications: The “unintended consequences” that Measure 11 produced should not have been unexpected. Our research indicates that the entire system will quickly adapt to mitigate the more draconian outcomes predicted by those who assume a simplistic implementation, which underscores the importance of understanding system dynamics and inter-relationships before implementing reform, as well as the pitfalls of designing legislation for either symbolic appeal or formal logic rather than for actual effect.

关键词： Sentencing Reform Mandatory Minimums Prosecutorial Discretion “Get Tough” Sentencing

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Improving the U.S. Government's Humanitarian Response

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Ethics and International Affairs 2004年第2期18卷 45-51页

作者： Menghetti, Anita Drumtra, Jeff Anita Menghetti is NGO/IO/Donor Coordinator for USAID/DCHA/OFDA and is responsible for ensuring overall consistency transparency and effectiveness in OFDA's approach to working with NGOs the United Nations and other donors. Previously she worked for the UN Department for Humanitarian Affairs and with the UN Department for Peacekeeping Operations as the Humanitarian Planning Officer. She has also worked for several NGOs in refugee resettlement and policy and programming for targeted populations. She holds an M.A. in women's studies and Public Policy from George Washington University and a B.A. in women's studies and history from University of California at Berkeley. Jeff Drumtra is Senior Advisor on Internal Displacement and Protection in USAID's Bureau for Democracy Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance. Prior to USAID he worked for eleven years as Senior Africa Policy Analyst at the U.S. Committee for Refugees in Washington D.C. traveling extensively to analyze refugee and population displacement situations throughout Africa. He has also worked as a journalist and magazine editor covering international political and development issues and served three years as a legislative aide in the U.S. Senate.

The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) was created in 1964 to provide emergency nonfood humanitarian assistance in response to international crises and disasters, in order to save lives and alleviate human suffering and to reduce the economic impact of those disasters. The office operates under the overall mandate of the U.S. Agency for International development (USAID), which is to provide “economic, development and humanitarian assistance around the world in support of the foreign policy goals of the United States.”1 OFDA coordinates relief efforts for the U.S. government, and funds relief efforts by UN humanitarian agencies, private nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and other international organizations.

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InSight-reverse engineer CASE tool

InSight-reverse engineer CASE tool

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International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： N. Rajala D. Campara N. Mansurov SW Development Management Nortel Limited Ottawa ONT Canada Head of Department Institute for System Programming Moscow Russia

Building upon existing software systems while maintaining or improving software quality is a major goal of software engineering. To achieve this, every software engineering phase (requirements analysis, software design, implementation, testing and maintenance) must produce good quality outputs for the next phase. We believe that a next generation reverse engineering tool can assist in realizing this need. InSight is a new and powerful CASE toolset for software developers and architects, designed to support the development and maintenance of software throughout the complete lifecycle. The inSight tool suite provides software architects and developers with new capabilities of understanding existing software systems, allowing them to ask their day-to-day questions directly to the tool and receive up-to-date answers while interacting with the tool. It includes data mining capabilities such as code flow extraction, and software interaction extraction such as operating system and application specific messaging, uses, needs, etc. The inSight tool suite also includes powerful graphical interfaces for presenting and manipulating the extracted information. Control flow is presented as editable flowcharts. InSight supports Protel, ANSI C, and C++. InSight uses a patent pending reverse engineering technique to perform these extractions.

关键词： Computer aided software engineering Data mining Software maintenance Software tools Software systems Software engineering Reverse engineering Maintenance engineering Buildings Software quality

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Insight - Reverse Engineer Case Tool 99

Insight - Reverse Engineer Case Tool

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1999 International Conference on Softeare Engineering

作者： Norman Rajala Djenana Campara Nikolai Mansurov SW Development Management NORTEL P.O. Box 3511 Station C Ottawa ON Canada K1Y 4H7 Head of Department Inst. for System Programming 25 B. Kommunisticheskaya 109004 Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781581130744

building upon existing software systems while maintaining or improving software quality is a major goal of software engineering. To achieve this, every software engineering phase (requirements analysis, software design, implementation, testing and maintenance) must produce good quality outputs for the next phase. We believe that a next generation reverse engineering tool can assist in realizing this need.

关键词： Reverse Engineer, Software Maintenance

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Symposia lectures

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Journal of Biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 5-31页

作者： F. Parak A. Ostermann G. U. Nienhaus Nobuo Niimura William A. Eaton Stephen J. Hagen Eric R. Henry James Hofrichter Gouri Jas Lisa Lapidus Victor Muñoz Chih-chen Wang Abani Bhuyan Javant Udgaonkar Heinz Rüterians Derek N. Woolfson M. D. Finucane J. H. Lees M. J. Pandya G. Spooner M. Tuna Wilma K. Olson K. V. R. Chary E. Westhof I. G. Wool C. C. Correll V. I. Ivanov S. A. Bondarenko E. M. Zdobnov A. D. Beniaminov E. E. Minyat N. B. Ulyanov Dale B. Wigley Nobuo Shimamoto Takashi Kinebuchi Hiroyuki Kabata Osamu Kurosawa Masao Washizu Barbara Baird David Holowka H. Belrhali P. Nollert A. Royant J. P. Rosenbusch E. M. Landau E. Pebav-Peyroula Anil K. Lala Patrick R. D’Silva Daniela Pietrobon Paolo Pinton Paulo Magalhaes Anna Chiesa Marisa Brini Tullio Pozzan Rosario Rizzuto M. Montai Shu-Rong Wang José L. Carrascosa B. Bhattacharyya Ian A. Wilson Dinakar M. Salunke Kurt Drickamer Anne Imberty A. Surolia Louise N. Johnson Michal Neeman S. M. Prince K. McLuskey R. J. Cogdell K. McAuley N. W. Isaacs G. Venturoli F. Drepper J. C. Williams J. P. Allen X. Lin P. Mathis R. van Grondelle Wolfgang Junge T. Tsukihara K. Shinzawa-Itoh R. Nakashima E. Yamashita M. J. Fei N. Inoue T. Tomizaki C. Peters Libeu S. Yoshikawa Patrick Chaussepied Keiichi Namba Marie-France Carlier Fariza Ressacl Valerie Laurent Thomas Loisel Coumaran Egile Philippe Sansonetti Dominique Pantaloni Manju Bansal E. W. Knapp M. G. Ullmann A. Amadei B. L. de Groot M. A. Ceruso M. Paci H. J. C. Berendsen A. Di Nola V. Di Francesco P. J. Munson J. Garnier Sung-Hou Kim Jean-Michel Claverie Ian C. P. Smith P. T. Callaghan Bruce Cornell Ratna S. Phadke Kazuhiko Kinosita D. Goldfarb I. Qromov C. Shutter I. Pecht P. Manikandan R. Carmieli T. Shane David S. Moss Clare E. Sansom Jeremy K. Cockcroft Ian J. Tickle Huub C. P. Driessen J. Raul Grigera Ramen K. Poddar Charles R. Cantor Barry Robson Jean Garnier John Helliwell Sunney I. Chan Ronald Rock Physik-Department El7 Technische Universität München Garching Abteilung Biophysik Universität Ulm Ulm Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Japan Laboratory of Chemical Physics NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA National Lab of Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Beijing China National Centre for Biological Sciences Bangalore Institute of Biophysical Chemistry University of Frankfurt Frankfurt/Main Germany Centre for Biomolecular Design and Drug Development University of Sussex UK Rutgers University Piscataway USA Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India IBMC-CNRS Strasbourg France Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Chicago Chicago USA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS Moscow Russia Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford Oxford UK Structural Biology Center National Institute of Genetics Japan Faculty of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Advance Co. Tokyo Japan Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca Institute de Biologie Structurale Joseph Fourier Grenoble Cedex 1 France Biomembrane Lab Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology CenterIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai India Dept of Biomedical Sciences Univ. of Padova Italy Dept. Exp. Diagn. Med. Sect. Gen. Pathol Ferrara Italy Department of Biology University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Centra Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC. Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco Spain Dept.of Biochemistry Bose Institute Calcutta-54 India The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla National Institute of Immunology New Delhi India Glycobiology Institute Department of Biochemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales-CNRS Grenoble cedex 9 France Molecular Biophysics Uni

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THE EFFECTS OF LEARNING-STRATEGY INSTRUCTION ON THE COMPLETION OF JOB APPLICATIONS BY STUDENTS WITH LEARNING-DISABILITIES

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JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 1994年第2期27卷 104-&页

作者： NELSON, JR SMITH, DJ DODD, JM [o_1]J. Ron Nelson PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Psychology at Eastern Washington University. He received his doctoral degree in special education from Utah State University. His major research interests include teaching methods for exceptional students and students at risk for school failure as well as students' social and intellectual reasoning Address: J. Ron Nelson Department of Applied Psychology MS/92 Eastern Washington University Cheney WA 99004. [o_2]Deborah J. Smith PhD is project director in Disabled Student Services and adjunct professor in the Department of Applied Psychology at Eastern Washington University. She received her doctoral degree in special education from Utah State University. Her major research interests include self-management strategies for classroom deportment and academic performance as well as cognitive instructional strategies. [o_3]John M. Dodd EdD is a professor in the Department of Reading and Special Education at Eastern Montana College. He received his doctoral degree in human development at the University of Kansas. His major research interests include culturally sensitive identification and programming for linguistically and culturally diverse students.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of learning strategy instruction on the completion of job applications by students identified as learning disabled. Thirty-three students (average age 15 years 6 months) were randomly assigned by grade and gender to one of two experimental conditions: learning strategy instruction or traditional instruction. The result was 16 students (10 boys and 6 girls) being placed under the learning strategy instruction condition and 17 students (10 boys and 7 girls) being placed under the traditional instruction condition. Results indicated that in addition to statistically significant lower numbers of information omissions and information location errors, holistic ratings of the overall neatness of the job applications were significantly higher for those students under the learning strategy instruction condition. In addition to these positive changes in the performance measures, social validity data suggest that students under the learning strategy condition would be more likely to receive an invitation for a job interview. The findings and future research needs are discussed.

关键词： High Schools Instructional Effectiveness Job Application Learning Disabilities Learning Strategies

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'ROSEANNE', HOW DID YOU GET INSIDE MY HOUSE - A CASE STUDY OF A HIT BLUE-COLLAR SITUATION-COMEDY

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JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE 1991年第4期24卷 71-88页

作者： MAYERLE, J Judine Mayerle is Chair of the Department of Broadcast & Electronic Communication at Marquette University Milwaukee Wisconsin. Her research interests include television criticism and the historical and current development and production of primetime television programming.

The TV program "Roseanne," starring Roseanne Barr, is successful because it held up a mirror to the people and culture of the last decade of the 20th century, and the reflection is often bittersweetly accurate.

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT development

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military Engineering

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THE STATES' ROLE IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION: TRANSPORTATION POLICY

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Review of Policy Research 1981年第2期1卷 323-334页

作者： Humphrey, Thomas F. THOMAS F. HUMPHREY is Senior Research Associate and Technical Research Supervisor in the Center for Transportation Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is currently the manager of a project sponsored by the Department of Energy concerning the development of transportation contingency strategies for use by state and local governments. He is also Principal Investigator of a project sponsored by the New Jersey Department of Transportation on developing new programming procedures for allocating resources in state transportation programs. He has authored several papers and reports on transportation planning programming and implementation and is a frequent consultant in the transportation field. He served for six years as director of the Bureau of Transportation Planning and Development for the Massachusetts Department of Transportation.

Over the past 25 years, the federal government has exerted a profound impact over transportation policy, with over one thousand policies and programs administered in 1979. States have been heavily involved in administering most of these programs. In the past, state and local governments have responded by raising the revenues necessary to match federal grants. Despite budget problems, the states' role is expected to continue. Copyright © 1981, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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