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CHARACTER LOSS IN CERTAIN CLASSES OF COMPUTERS

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 1965年第4期CO13卷 425-+页

作者： WEINGARTEN, A Real Time Systems Programming Division ITT Paramus NJ USA

Character loss in a conceptual computer at its input terminals is analyzed. This is first done within the classical framework in which a system must be designed to allow no loss whatsoever. The problem is then treated where a system can allow some degree of loss. To this end, a generalized mathematical model for character schemes is constructed. It is then shown that, in this framework, character arrivals can be approximated by a Poisson source, allowing the problem to be reformulated as a question in queuing theory. As such, one can solve the problem as a limiting case of a problem which has already been solved. Finally, the resulting formulas for loss are approximated by formulas which can easily be applied. Certain conclusions may readily be drawn. One is that a vastly enlarged system may be designed if one allows some trivial amount of loss. Another is that various schemes for avoiding loss, which have been used in industry, have often been unnecessary.

关键词： Communications technology Mathematical model Information analysis

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STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR MESSAGE SWITCHING COMPUTER

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS systems 1964年第2期CS12卷 191-&页

作者： WEINGARTEN, AW Real Time Systems Programming Division ITT Paramus NJ USA

A mathematical model which utilizes queuing theory is devised for estimating the storage requirements of a message switching computer. Since the storage needed for a message is proportional to the message length, the familiar derivation of a queue distribution in terms of the number of messages is not applicable. Instead the composite queue, resulting from a number of sending lines, is developed in terms of fixed size units. This is normally distributed with mean and variance given as functions of the load factors of the sending lines. Occurrences of machine failures due to insufficient storage capacity are then shown, on certain assumptions, to be exponentially distributed. The method involves bold simplifications at a number of points with resulting errors which are moderate and in the direction of safety. The application to concrete problems is illustrated.

关键词： Traffic control Mathematical model Queueing analysis Computer errors Safety Application software Concrete Delay effects Distributed computing

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Towards the Unmanned Factory

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Industrial Management & Data systems 1983年第3-4期83卷 10-12页

作者： Shaw, Ray Industrial Division Systems Programming Limited

Ever since the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century, the proportion of the population engaged in argriculture has been steadily falling while the number of industrial workers has increased; that is, until the mid 1960s. In 1966, employment in UK manufacturing peaked at 8.6 million and since then about two million have left the industrial sector. At one time in 1981, the engineering industry was losing 1,000 jobs a day.

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Data baselanguages, in particular DDL development at CODASYL

Data baselanguages, in particular DDL development at CODASYL

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1974 ACM SIGFIDET (now SIGMOD) Workshop on Data Description, Access and Control, SIGFIDET 1974

作者： Lucking, J.R. International Computers Limited Systems Programming Division Kidsgrove Stoke-on-Trent United Kingdom

Since the publication, in April, 1971, of the Data Base Task Group (DBTG) report (ref . 1 ) to the CODASYL programming Language (=COBOL) Committee (PLC) several committees and task gncups of the CODASYL organisation have enhanced and improved the languages and specificatio n s proposed by DBTG. Two recent publications by CODASYL, the CODASL Data Description Language Journal of Development (DDL-JOD-see ref.2) and the CODASYL Data Base Languages Proposal (DBLTG-73001-see ref.3 ) , which together constitute a complete revision of the DBTG report reflect this further development. This paper briefly summarises the DBTG,report and then describes the more significant (in the author's opinion) changes made to the Schema DDL documented in the DDL-JOD. The changes %o the Subschema DDL and %he DML, suggested in DBLTG-73001 are more briefly summarised mainly because the PLC Has recently approved many further changes %o this proposal. Certain changes to the Schema DDL approved since the decision to publish the DDLJOD was taken in April, 1973, are also indicated. © 1974 ACM.

关键词： COBOL (programming language)

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Perceived Difficulty and User Control in Mouse Usage

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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 1991年第5期35卷 295 - 299页

作者： Greg W. Hill William A. Gunn Shirley L. Martin David R. Schwartz Programming Systems Division IBM Corporation Cary NC

This study was conducted to determine the relative perceived difficulty of performing different mouse tasks (pairings of mouse actions with button combinations). Right-handed individuals with various types of computer experience used a 3-button mouse to perform 49 simple target acquisition tasks. Perceived difficulty judgments varied with tasks. Significant groupings of tasks along the difficulty dimension were also apparent. For most mouse tasks, the left and center buttons were judged to be relatively easier to use than the right button. Additionally, chorded use of the left and center buttons was perceived to be easier than use of the right button alone. The results suggest that systems should not rely upon the right mouse button as a default setting for system-related functions. Other considerations for mouse usage are discussed.

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Strict bidirectional type checking

Strict bidirectional type checking

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TLDI'05: 2005 ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Types in Languages Design and Implementation

作者： Chlipala, Adam Petersen, Leaf Harper, Robert Computer Science Division University of California Berkeley United States Programming Systems Laboratory Intel Corporation United States Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139993

Completely annotated lambda terms (such as are arrived at via the straightforward encodings of various types from System F) contain much redundant type information. Consequently, the completely annotated forms are almost never used in practice, since partially annotated forms can be defined which still allow syntax directed type checking. An additional optimization that is used in some proof and type systems is to take advantage of the context of occurrence of terms to further elide type information using bidirectional type checking rules. While this technique is generally effective, we show that there exist bidirectional terms which exhibit asymptotic increases in the size of their type decorations when sequentialized into a named-form calculus (a common first step in compilation). In this paper, we introduce a refinement of the bidirectional type system based on strict logic which allows additional type decorations to be eliminated, and show that it is well-behaved under sequentialization. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： Information theory

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Computerized concrete mix proportioning for large projects

Computerized concrete mix proportioning for large projects

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Impact of Computers on the Practice of Structural Engineering in Concrete Symposium at the 1970 ACI Fall Convention

作者： Malhotra, V.M. Hibbert, P.D. Systems and Programming Division Computer Science Centre Department of Energy Mines and Resources OttawaON Canada Construction Materials Section Mines Branch Department of Energy Mines and Resources OttawaON Canada

This paper describes the use of a digital computer in the design of concrete mixes for large construction projects. The salient features of a program called CONMIX are outlined, the nature of input data and output arc discussed, and a flow chart of the program is included. The basis of the program is the absolute volume method, using various design tables as given in the latest revision of ACI Standard, "Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal-Weight Concrete (ACI 613-54)." The paper is concluded by illustrating the use of the program with three typical examples, and by discussing its field applications. © 1972 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality control

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A Human Capital Strategy for Ship Design Acquisition Workforce Improvement: The US Navy's Center for Innovation in Ship Design

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2009年第4期121卷 45-67页

作者： Keane, Robert G., Jr. Fireman, Howard Hough, Jeffrey J. Cooper, Kelly Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Deputy Director for Programming (N80B) US Navy's Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock (NSWC-CD) Office of Naval Research Sea Warfare and Weapons Department Sea Platforms and Weapons Division

Early in the dark days of World War II, President Roosevelt asked the Navy how it would provide the thousands of ships necessary for the numerous amphibious assault landings that were being planned. At a subsequent high-level meeting, where John Neidermair, the Technical Director of the Preliminary Design division at BUSHIPS (Bureau of Ships-a predecessor organization to the Naval Sea systems Command-NAVSEA), created a concept design sketch of the now famous LSTs. It was this same BUSHIPS Ship Design organization that designed the US Navy Fleet which defeated the Japanese and German navies. And it was the BUSHIPS successor organization, NAVSEA, which designed the 600-ship Fleet during the President Reagan build-up of the 1980s and early 1990s. This early stage ship design capability to translate the operators' needs into technically feasible ship concepts and designs is still a core responsibility of NAVSEA. However, NAVSEA is now undertaking the grand challenge of rebuilding the Navy's ship design capabilities which were dramatically downsized during the 1990s. The Human Capital Strategy for Ship Design Acquisition Workforce Improvement is a proven road map for reconstituting the Navy's ship design capabilities and reinvigorating the naval ship design community. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and NAVSEA made significant progress in this direction by establishing the Navy's Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD). CISD is accelerating the career development of ship design leaders, and is paving the way for fully implementing a Human Capital Strategy for Ship Design Acquisition Workforce Improvement.

关键词： Military operations

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COMBAT SYSTEM TEST-FACTORY THROUGH SHIPBOARD

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第5期92卷 49-58页

作者： GALLAHUE, JS THE AUTHOR is the Department Manager of Combat Systems Engineering at Litton Industries. Data Systems Division. Prior to joining Litton Industries he was associated with UNIVAC. Since joining the Combat Systems Community in 1959. his assignments have included operational computer programming field engineering systems engineering equipment design proposal management test engineering. and programs management. In these varied roles he supported the NTDS R&D Program NTDS Service Test Program Interim Fleet Programming Center Pacific Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship Command and Control Systems SQS-26/NTDS/UBFCS Interface Design DD 963 Class LHA 1 Class. and the DDG 993 Class.

The required configuration management and the necessary control of the Surface Ship Combat System elements demand that they be considered as integrated and tested in accordance with an integrated test plan utilizing an integrated test organization. The sometimes used approach of implementing a combat system test program based upon the individual combat system elements being independent, has proven to be less than satisfactory. Then is no question that some of the early testing at the unit, subsystem, and subprogram levels can be planned and conducted independent of a specific “end-item” combat System. This paper addresses the planning and implementing of combat system test with the emphases being upon the integrated phase of test and primarily the lead ship of a class. Information is presented to facilitate planning and implementing a combat system test program including use of shore facilities and integrating these activities with shipboard activities; when to form the test organization and what types of expertise are required; what are the key technical management tools; the proofing of test documentation; the need for detailed “step-by-step” procedures and traceability of the specified requirements; how to assist Ships Force; planning and stat using the conduct of the tests; integrating computer program and special testing into the test program; and the significance of early decisions on administrative and contractual arrangements.

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On Ordinary and Standard Products of Infinite Family of σ-finite Measures and Some of Their Applications

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第3期27卷 477-496页

作者： Gogi Rauli PANTSULAIA Department of Mathematics Georgian Technical University Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems B. P. 0175 Kostava Street-77 Tbilisi Georgia I. Vekua Institute of Applied Mathematics Tbilisi State University Division of Applied Logic and Programming B. P. 0143 University St. 2 Tbilisi Georgia

We introduce notions of ordinary and standard products of a-finite measures and prove their existence. This approach allows us to construct invariant extensions of ordinary and standard products of Haar measures. In particular, we construct translation-invariant extensions of ordinary and standard Lebesgue measures on R∞ and Rogers-Fremlin measures on l∞, respectively, such that topological weights of quasi-metric spaces associated with these measures are maximal （i.e., 2c）. We also solve some Fremlin problems concerned with an existence of uniform measures in Banach spaces.

关键词： Ordinary and standard products of a-finite measures invariant extensions Rogers-Fremlin measures on l∞

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