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MICRO-38: 38th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture

作者： Wu, Qiang Reddi, V.J. Wu, Youfeng Lee, Jin Connors, Dan Brooks, David Martonosi, Margaret Clark, Douglas W. Depts. of Computer Science Electrical Engjneering Princeton University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering U. of Colorado Boulder Programming Systems Lab. Corporate Tech. Group Intel Corporation Division of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard University

ISBN: (纸本)0769524400

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective technique for controlling microprocessor energy and performance. Existing DVFS techniques are primarily based on hardware, OS timeinterrupts, or static-compiler techniques. However, substantially greater gains can be realized when control opportunities are also explored in a dynamic compilation environment. There are several advantages to deploying DVFS and managing energy/performance tradeoffs through the use of a dynamic compiler. Most importantly, dynamic compiler driven DVFS is fine-grained, code-aware, and adaptive to the current microarchitecture environment. This paper presents a design framework of the run-time DVFS optimizer in a general dynamic compilation system. A prototype of the DVFS optimizer is implemented and integrated into an industrialstrength dynamic compilation system. The obtained optimization system is deployed in a real hardware platform that directly measures CPU voltage and current for accurate power and energy readings. Experimental results, based on physical measurements for over 40 SPEC or Olden benchmarks, show that significant energy savings are achieved with little performance degradation. SPEC2K FP benchmarks benefit with energy savings of up to 70% (with 0.5% performance loss). In addition, SPEC2K INT show up to 44% energy savings (with 5% performance loss), SPEC95 FP save up to 64% (with 4.9% performance loss), and Olden save up to 61% (with 4.5% performance loss). On average, the technique leads to an energy delay product (EDP) improvement that is 3X-5X better than static voltage scaling, and is more than 2X (22% vs. 9%) better than the reported DVFS results of prior static compiler work. While the proposed technique is an effective method for microprocessor voltage and frequency control, the design framework and methodology described in this paper have broader potential to address other energy and power issues such as di/dt and thermal control. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Microprocessor chips

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Comparing university rankings

Comparing university rankings

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12th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2009

作者： Aguillo, Isidro F. Bar-Ilan, Judit Levene, Mark Ortega, José Luis Cybermetrics Lab CCHS - CSIC Albasanz 26-28 28037 Madrid Spain Dept. Information Science Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan 52900 Israel School of Computer Science and Information Systems Birkbeck University of London London WC1E 7HX United Kingdom Scientific Programming Division VICYT - CSIC Serrano 113 28006 Madrid Spain

Recently there is increasing interest in university rankings. Annual rankings of world universities are published by QS for the Times Higher Education Supplement, the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the Higher Education and Accreditation Council of Taiwan and rankings based on Web visibility by the Cybermetrics Lab at CSIC. In this paper we compare the rankings using a set of similarity measures. For the rankings that are being published for a number of years we also examine longitudinal patterns. The rankings limited to European universities are compared to the ranking of the Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University. The findings show that there are reasonable similarities between the rankings, even though each applies a different methodology. The biggest differences are between the rankings provided by the QS-Times Higher Education Supplement and the Ranking Web of the CSIC Cybermetrics Lab. The highest similarities were observed between the Taiwanese and the Leiden rankings from European universities. Overall the similarities are increased when the comparison is limited to the European universities.

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A case study of software testers

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AI EDAM 2009年第1期3卷 35-51页

作者： Robin Lampert David Hamilton Elliot Soloway Yale University Department of Computer Science Cognition and Programming Project P. O. Box 2158 Yale Station New Haven CT 06520 IBM Systems Integration Division 3700 Bay Area Blvd. Houston TX 77058 U.S.A.

In an effort to learn more about how testers test code, we observed several testers while they designed tests to check a change which had been made to code. Using a case study methodology, we gathered empirical data from the ‘real world’—professional testers, and actual software products. We found that testers do share some common work patterns. These patterns can be seen in their information gathering, their use of heuristics and their construction of mental models. This work is extremely knowledge intensive, experience appears to have a useful effect. In this paper we will discuss how we collected and analysed our data. Then we will present some of our observations about how the testers gathered information, used heuristics, formed mental models and were affected by their previous experience in the course of designing their test scenarios. Based on these observations we comment on training and tools for testers.

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CATALYTIC INCINERATION OF EMISSIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.

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Plant/operations progress 1983年第3期2卷 182-184页

作者： Kenson, Robert E. Met-Pro Corp. Harleysville Pa. 19438 He has over fifteen years' experience in chemical process engineering including petrochemicals fertilizers synfuels energy recovery and polution control processes. In his present position he is responsible for all research/development design and project management activities in pollution control and energy/resource conservation systems for Met-Pro's Systems Division. The author of numerous publications he has presented papers before national meetings of WWEMA APCA AIChE Catalysis Society ACS and AIChE. Ph.D. from Purdue University and an AB from Boston University. He is a member of AIChE APCA AMA and Sigma Xi. As a member of AIChE he has been active as session chairman national program coordinator programming committee member and task force member for the Environmental Division.

The article demonstrates that catalytic incineration is often economically attractive as an alternative to thermal incineration for petroleum and petrochemical process organic emissions. Even where the initial cost of the catalytic incinerator is greater than a comparable-performance thermal incinerator, the lower fuel costs of the catalytic incinerator pay this cost differential back very quickly (1/2 to 2 years). Catalytic incineration can not only be used for pollution control, but also for energy recovery from streams containing combustible gases.

关键词： PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS

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A dynamic compilation framework for controlling microprocessor energy and performance

A dynamic compilation framework for controlling microprocess...

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IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)

作者： Qiang Wu V.J. Reddi Youfeng Wu Jin Lee D. Connors D. Brooks M. Martonosi D.W. Clark Depts. of Computer Science Electrical Engineering Princeton University USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Colorado Boulder USA Programming Systems Laboratory Intel Corporation USA Division of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard University USA

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective technique for controlling microprocessor energy and performance. Existing DVFS techniques are primarily based on hardware, OS time-interrupts, or static-compiler techniques. However, substantially greater gains can be realized when control opportunities are also explored in a dynamic compilation environment. There are several advantages to deploying DVFS and managing energy/performance tradeoffs through the use of a dynamic compiler. Most importantly, dynamic compiler driven DVFS is fine-grained, code-aware, and adaptive to the current microarchitecture environment. This paper presents a design framework of the run-time DVFS optimizer in a general dynamic compilation system. A prototype of the DVFS optimizer is implemented and integrated into an industrial-strength dynamic compilation system. The obtained optimization system is deployed in a real hardware platform that directly measures CPU voltage and current for accurate power and energy readings. Experimental results, based on physical measurements for over 40 SPEC or Olden benchmarks, show that significant energy savings are achieved with little performance degradation. SPEC2K FP benchmarks benefit with energy savings of up to 70% (with 0.5% performance loss). In addition, SPEC2K INT show up to 44% energy savings (with 5% performance loss), SPEC95 FP save up to 64% (with 4.9% performance loss), and Olden save up to 61% (with 4.5% performance loss). On average, the technique leads to an energy delay product (EDP) improvement that is 3times-5times better than static voltage scaling, and is more than 2times (22% vs. 9%) better than the reported DVFS results of prior static compiler work. While the proposed technique is an effective method for microprocessor voltage and frequency control, the design framework and methodology described in this paper have broader potential to address other energy and power issues such as di/dt and thermal control

关键词： Dynamic compiler Microprocessors Performance loss Voltage control Hardware Energy measurement Dynamic voltage scaling Frequency Energy management Microarchitecture

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Using cellular automata for parallel simulation of laser dynamics with dynamic load balancing

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International Journal of High Performance systems Architecture 2008年第4期1卷 251-259页

作者： Guisado, J.L. de Vega, F. Fernández Jiménez-Morales, F.J. Iskra, K.A. Sloot, P.M.A. Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores Universidad de Sevilla ETS Ingeniería Informática Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n. 41012 Sevilla Spain Centro Universitario de Mérida Universidad de Extremadura Sta. Teresa Jornet 38 06800 Mérida Badajoz Spain Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad de Sevilla P.O. Box 1065 41080 Sevilla Spain Argonne National Laboratory Mathematics and Computer Science Division 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 United States Section Computational Science Laboratory for Computing Systems Architecture and Programming University of Amsterdam Kruislaan 403 1098 SJ Amsterdam Netherlands

We present an analysis of the feasibility of executing a parallel bioinspired model of laser dynamics, based on cellular automata (CA), on the usual target platform of this kind of applications: a heterogeneous non-dedicated cluster. As this model employs a synchronous CA, using the single program, multiple data (SPMD) paradigm, it is not clear in advance if an appropriate efficiency can be obtained on this kind of platform. We have evaluated its performance including artificial load to simulate other tasks or jobs submitted by other users. A dynamic load balancing strategy with two main differences from most previous implementations of CA based models has been used. First, it is possible to migrate load to cluster nodes initially not belonging to the pool. Second, a modular approach is taken in which the model is executed on top of a dynamic load balancing tool - the Dynamite system - gaining flexibility. Very satisfactory results have been obtained, with performance increases from 60% to 80%. Copyright © 2008, Inderscience Publishers.

关键词： Cellular automata

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Selected challenges of software evolution for automated production systems

Selected challenges of software evolution for automated prod...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： B. Vogel-Heuser S. Feldmann J. Folmer J. Ladiges A. Fay S. Lity M. Tichy M. Kowal I. Schaefer C. Haubeck W. Lamersdorf T. Kehrer S. Getir M. Ulbrich V. Klebanov B. Beckert Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universität München Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics University of Braunschweig Germany Automation Technology Institute Helmut Schmidt University Germany Distributed Systems and Information Systems Universität Hamburg Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany Software Engineering Group University of Siegen Germany Software Engineering Division University of Gothenburg Chalmers Sweden Reliable Software Systems University of Stuttgart Germany Application-oriented Formal Verification Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

Automated machines and plants are operated for some decades and undergo an everlasting evolution during this time. In this paper, we present three related open evolution challenges focusing on software evolution in the domain of automated production systems, i.e. evolution and co-evolution of (interdisciplinary) engineering models and code, quality assurance as well as variant and version management during evolution.

关键词： Software Unified modeling language Automation Hardware Adaptation models Solid modeling Testing

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COMPUTERS - A BLESSING OR A CURSE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1970年第3期82卷 48-&页

作者： CHRISTOP.CA THE AUTHOR is Vice President of Technology and Manufacturing for Sperry Rand Corporation's Univac Federal Systems Division St. Paul Minnesota. He holds a B. S. degree in Management Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Mr. Christopher joined Univac in St. Paul in 1956 later moving to Division headquarters in suburban Philadelphia as Director of Operational Services and Planning. He became Director of Procurement and Administrative Services. Before returning to the Federal Systems Division in his present capacity he was general manager of the Univac Division operations in Utica-Ilion New York. In his present position Mr. Christopher is responsible for engineering and programming factory operations (manufacturing) procurement advanced development program management and the Federal Systems Division's Salt Lake City Utah operations. In 1969 he was cited as Greater Utica's “Industrial Man of the Year.” Mr. Christopher is a member of the Society for the Advancement of Management and the Electronics Industries Association.

The benefits of data system computers to the Navy to date are developed to highlight the blessings. Both achievements and future requirements are discussed. The problems attendant on achievement of potential advantages of data system computers, and the penalties of failure to liquidate these liabilities constitute the discussion of the curse of computerizations. Since both the potentials and liabilities of computers go forward hand-in-hand, the argument is made that computers can be a blessing to the degree that the liabilities are liquidated. Some practical suggestions as to liquidating the critical liabilities are offered from the point of view of industry to assist in attaining the potential of computers and data systems in support of the Navy's missions, roles, and objectives.

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C-3 systems LAND-BASED TESTING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第6期92卷 35-42页

作者： CAMPBELL, JS THE AUTHOR was born in Porterville. Calif. in 1928 and joined the U.S. Nary in 1945 in the “Aviation Midshipman” Program. He received his designation as a Naval Aviator in 1950 and flew combat missions in Korea while still a Midshipman followed by participation in various operational and training squadrons until 1958 when he completed the Naval Test Pilot School Program. After a tour as an Engineering Test Pilot. he attended the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey. Calif. and was then assigned to the Fleet Computer Programming Center as a part of the NTDS development. Later he had operational tours as CIC Officer in the USS Enterprise and as AAW Officer on the Staff of Commander Task Force SEVENTY-SEVEN in Vietnam. During an interceding tour of duty he was the Program Manager for the TACDEW Training Facilities at San Diego Calif: and Dam Neck Va. After completing his active duty in the U.S. Navy Mr. Campbell joined Logicon Inc. and during the six years with the Tactical and Training Systems Division held various positions including Project Manager Department Head Assistant Director and Division Director prior to leaving in 1976 to join the Assistant Secretary of the Nary for R&D as Special Assistant for Weapons Systems Integration. In 1978 he joined the Staff at the Naval Ocean Systems Center as Associate Director for Command Control and Communications and Acting Head of the C3I Systems Department where he is charged with the development and operation of the C3Systems Integration Test and Evaluation Laboratory.

The increasingly important role of land-based test sites (LBTSs) in military command, control, and communications (C 3 ) is discussed, with particular reference to system integration, R&D, and testing. The LBTS at the Naval Ocean systems Center (NOSC), San Diego, is described in detail, and lessons learned from the operation of the and other LBTSe are considered in terms of both their tactical and strategic implications.

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DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND MODERNIZATION OF SHIPS WITH THE SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (SDMS)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第5期91卷 65-73页

作者： BOLD, NT BOURETTE, AP Dr. Norbert T. Bold graduated from Marquette University and later received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Northwestern University. He served three years as a Naval Engineering Officer aboard an Aircraft Carrier and a Minesweeper and has nineteen years technical experience in shipboard navigation underwater target and SDMS projects for the Navy. He is currently a Program Manager in the Autonetics Marine Systems Division Rockwell International where his primary assignment is the development of advanced concepts and applications of SDMS to Navy programs. He has published several technical papers. was elected to four Scholastic Honorary Societies and was the recipient of a NROTC Scholarship. Mr. A.P. Bourette Manager Systems Applications Autonetics Marine Systems Division. received his B.S. degree in Mathematical Physics from Long Beach State University. He began his career with a Computer Analysis Unit. performing tasks related to computer application. programming and interfacing. He has made significant contributions to the Central Computer Complex approach adopted for the SSN-688 Combat System and has performed inertial systems engineering efforts on the MK2 SINS for the POSEIDON Program. He spent some time in the Washington D.C. area providing technical expertise to various Navy organizations. Upon his return he soon was selected to manage the Systems Applications organization at Rockwell International. This organization is primarily responsible for the Shipboard Application of SDMS. He has directed several application studies showing the significant advantages associated with multiplexing. Recently. he provided the technical direction for the FY80 SSN SDMS Preliminary Design Phase.

Rockwell International is currently under Navy contract to fabricate the Engineering Development Model (EDM) of the Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) for general data transfer aboard surface ships and submarines. The application of SDMS significantly reduces hardware such as cables, switchboards, and Signal Data Converters (SDC), and it provides the capability to add many desired features which are currently not practicable. In applying SDMS to a specific ship, a massive amount of signal data must be considered. The Application Design Automation Program (ADAP) is a set of computer programs that have been developed to accomplish this task. ADAP com bines signal population data, ships configuration data, and SDMS hardware characteristics to produce an SDMS configuration layout together with documentation necessary to analyze, evaluate, and implement the system. Specific outputs include hardware requirements, system layout, and interface requirements including wire list information. The Timing, Event and Load Simulation (TELS) Program simulates SDMS and provides performance data (system capacity, throughput rate, transport delays) for any system configuration. Conventional SDCs can be elimianted from Navy shipboard systems when SDMS is used. SDMS provides the necessary data distribution, signal conversion, and computer interface. In addition, many functions of the conventional switchboards can be performed within SDMS, thus reducing the size or eliminating conventional switchboards. Very small switch-bomb will provide the necessary control of data distribution. With SDMS, an automatic and continuous Noise and Vibration Monitoring (NVM) capability is readily available. The automated NVM function will enhance the safety, operation, and maintenance of the ship. Problems with machinery or excessive self-noise generation will be detected much sooner, and corrective action implemented on a timely basis.

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