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COMPOSITIONAL PRIORITY SPECIFICATION IN REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED systems

SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES 1992年第1期17卷 75-93页

作者： SHYAMASUNDAR, RK LIU, LY Computer Science Group Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay India IBM Programming Systems Cary Laboratory Cary USA

In this paper, we develop a compositional denotational semantics for prioritized real-time distributed programming languages. One of the interesting features is that it extends the existing compositional theory proposed by Koymans et al (1988) for prioritized real-time languages preserving the compositionality of the semantics. The language permits users to define situations in which an action has priority over another action without the requirement of preassigning priorities to actions for partially ordering the alphabet of actions. These features are part of the languages such as Ada designed specifically keeping in view the needs of real-time embedded systems. Further, the approach does not have the restriction of other approaches such as prioritized internal moves can preempt unprioritized actions etc. Our notion of priority in the environment is based on the intuition that a low priority action can proceed only if the high priority action cannot proceed due to lack of the handshaking partner at that point of execution. In other words, if some action is possible corresponding to that environment at some point of execution then the action takes place without unnecessary waiting. The proposed semantic theory provides a clear distinction between the semantic model and the execution model - this has enabled us to fully ensure that there is no unnecessary waiting.

关键词： COMPOSITIONAL SPECIFICATION REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED systems PRIORITY SPECIFICATION MESSAGE PASSING MODELS

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Semantic file systems 91

Semantic file systems

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13th ACM Symposium on Operating systems Principles, SOSP 1991

作者： Gifford, David K. Jouvelot, Pierre Sheldon, Mark A. O'Toole Jr., James W. Programming Systems Research Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science United States CRI Ecole des Mines de Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)0897914473

A semantic file system is an information storage system that provides flexible associative access to the system's contents by automatically extracting attributes from files with file type specific transducers. Associative access is provided by a conservative extension to existing tree-structured file system protocols, and by protocols that are designed specifically for content based access. Compatiblity with existing file system protocols is provided by introducing the concept of a virtual directory. Virtual directory names are interpreted as queries, and thus provide flexible associative access to files and directories in a manner compatible with existing software. Rapid attribute-based access to file system contents is implemented by automatic extraction and indexing of key properties of file system objects. The automatic indexing of files and directories is called "semantic" because user programmable transducers use information about the semantics of updated file system objects to extract the properties for indexing. Experimental results from a semantic file system implementation support the thesis that semantic file systems present a more effective storage abstraction than do traditional tree structured file systems for information sharing and command level programming. © 1991 ACM.

关键词： Transducers

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The FX-87 Interpreter

The FX-87 Interpreter

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International Conference on Computer Languages

作者： P. Jouvelot D.K. Gifford Programming Systems Research Group Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

The first implementation of the programming language FX-87, a polymorphic typed functional language based on a system for static program analysis, is described. This polymorphic effect system integrates type checking and side-effect analysis into a single framework and allows the automatic detection of parallelizable expressions at compile-time. In FX-87, every expression has two static properties: a type and an effect. Type and effect polymorphism permits the behavior of first-class procedures to be statically modeled. The integration of type and effect analysis has resulted in the first system that is able (by accurate modeling of the side-effects of procedure values and masking of unobservable effects in the heap) to detect a compile-time, parallelizable constructs in both functional and imperative programs.< >

关键词： programming profession Job shop scheduling Computer languages Parallel programming Parallel machines Program processors Functional programming Laboratories Computer science Performance analysis

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RATIONALE FOR AN ADA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT FOR NAVY MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 133-145页

作者： PAIGE, KK CONVERSE, RA USN LCdr. Kathleen K. Paige USN:graduated with a BA from the University of New Hampshire in 1970. She received her commission from Officer Candidate School in April 1971 and performed her first tour of duty with VFP-63 NAS Miramar. LCdr. Paige then received her MS from the Naval Post Graduate School in June 1976 and returned to San Diego to serve as Head Support Software Division at the Fleet Combat Direction System Support Activity. In May 1981 she reported to NA VSEA (PMS-408) where she served initially as Chairman of the NAVMAT Software Engineering Environment Working Group. She has been assigned as Deputy AN/UYK-43 Acquisition Manager since October 1981. LCdr. Paige was designated a fully qualified Engineering Duty Officer in December 1983. Robert A. Converse:is presently the Acquisition Manager for the Ada Language System/Navy (ALS/N) for the Naval Sea Systems Command Tactical Embedded Computer Resources Project. As such he is responsible for the definition and development of the ALS/N to be provided as a Navy standard computer programming system for Navy mission critical applications. Mr. Converse received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Wheaton College Wheaton II. He spent fourteen years with the Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Rhode Island during which time he designed and developed the Fortran compiler for the Navy Standard AN/UYK-7 computer. Also during that period he received a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from the University of Rhode Island. His thesis for that degree was entitled “Optimization Techniques for the NUSC Fortran Cross-Compiler”. Mr. Converse started his involvement with the Ada program in 1975 with the initial “Strawman” requirements review. Subsequently he was named as the Navy Ada Distinguished Reviewer and was intimately involved in the selection and refinement of the Ada language as it evolved to become ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A.

The U.S. Navy introduced the use of digital computers in mission critical applications over a quarter of a century ago. Today, virtually every system in the current and planned Navy inventory makes extensive use of computer technology. Computers embedded in mission critical Navy systems are integral to our strategic and tactical defense capabilities. Thus, the military power of the U.S. Navy is inextricably tied to the use of programmable digital computers. The computer program is the essential element that embodies the system “intelligence”. In addition, it provides the flexibility to respond to changing threats and requirements. However, this very flexibility and capability poses a host of difficulties hindering full realization of the advantages. This paper describes the lessons learned about computer program development over the past twenty five years and discusses a software engineering process that addresses these lessons. It then describes how Ada and its related Ada programming Support and Run-Time Environments foster this software engineering process to improve computer program productivity and achieve greater system reliability and adaptibility. Finally, the paper discusses how the use of Ada and its environments can enhance the interoperability and transferability of computer programs among Navy projects and significantly reduce overall life cycle costs for Navy mission critical computer programs.

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THE PROSPECT OF AN UNDER WA TER NA VAL ROBOT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第1期92卷 65-72页

作者： DIXON, JOHN K. JOHNSON, HERBERT A. SLAGLE, JAMES R. Dr. John K. Dixon was born on 1 December 1934 in Detroit. Mich. He received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Lawrence Institute of Technology in 1957 his M.B.A. degree from Wayne State University in 1964 his M.S. degree in Physics from the University of California at Davis in 1967 and his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of California at Livermore in 1970. In 1957 he was employed by the Chrysler Missile Division Warren Mich. where he designed circuits for the Redstoneand Jupitermissiles. In 1959 he joined the Staff of the Bendix Research Laboratory Southfield Mich. where he designed equipment for missile guidance systems and aircraft blind landing systems. From 1965 until 1968 he was a Research Assistant in the Artificial Intelligence Group Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Livermore Calif at which time he left to join the Heuristics Laboratory of the National Institutes of Health Bethesda Md. as a Computer Scientist. In 1974 he moved to the Computer Science Laboratory at the Naval Research Laboratory. Washington D.C. where he is currently employed on various Research Projects. Mr. Herbert A. Johnson graduated from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy and later continued his graduate studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Purdue University. receiving his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the latter. He is presently a Captain in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve and Head of the Ocean Instrumentation Branch. Ocean Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Prior to joining NRL in 1974 he was employed on various marine systems projects at Honeywell and on Polarisinstrumentation at Interstate Electronics a company he assisted in founding in 1956. He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Dr. James R. Slagle received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the recipient of an Outstanding Blind Student Award for 1959 which was presented to him by President Dwight D.

This paper explores the concept of an underwater robot manipulator mounted on an unmanned submersible for the purpose of doing some undersea tasks of interest to the U.S. Navy. The robot concept is compared with other methods of doing work underwater and its strengths and weaknesses are enumerated. Such a robot would be able to do only simple, well‐defined tasks, but it would probably be the most economical way of doing those jobs which are within its competence. The jobs which such a device might be able to do are listed and evaluated in terms of how easy or difficult they are for a robot to do. From this analysis some conclusions are drawn about what capabilities are needed in such a robot. It is concluded that speed of operation is not critical (In contrast to robots which are intended for industrial jobs), but that the ability to cope with unexpected conditions and to recover from mistakes is very important. Next, existing robot technology and past research***are discussed and evaluated in terms of the needs of an underwater naval robot. Gaps in the technology are identified, and, finally, me suggestions for research are given. © 1980 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE AN/UYK‐502(V) MICROCOMPUTER

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Naval Engineers Journal 1979年第2期91卷 173-178页

作者： WILLIAMS, PAUL F. ANDERSON, JOHN M. Mr. Paul F. Williams:received his BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Minnesota in December 1965. He joined SPERRY UNIVAC Defense Systems Division in January 1966 where he is now the Manager of the Computer Product Planning Group in the Marketing Department. He has been active in the development of new computer system architectures and new computer development including the AN/UYK-20 and AN/UYK-23. In addition he has worked with a number of Navies in the development of shipboard and landbased systems and has participated in the development of NATO Shipboard Standard Interfaces. Mr. John M. Anderson:received his BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington in June 1969. He joined SPERRY UNIVAC in July 1970 where he is now a Senior Design Engineer in the Product Development Group. He is currently active in the development of the AN/UYK-520 Microcomputer and additionally has been active in the fields of digital logic design programming and computer testing.

The AN/UYK‐502 Microcomputer is a full‐scale, general‐purpose 16‐bit militarized computer designed to emmulate the AN/UYK‐20 and AN/AYK‐14, and to be implemented in a shipboard system employing distributed system architecture. Ship System Data Busses require microcomputers to be located near or within ship subsystems, with system interconnection being made through a common data bus. To implement this type of system architecture, a low cost, modular microcomputer capable of handling the bus “handshake” through a standard interface is required. The AN/UYK‐502(V) uses software common to minicomputers which allows different computer configurations to be implemented with bus architecture. The resulting system can then be maintained with a single set of support software programs thus significantly lowering system life cycle costs. The computer is offered in three physical packages: the Card Kit, Chassis Assembly, and Cabinet Assembly. Flexible options of the AN/UYK‐502(V) allow the user to tailor the system to the application needs. These options include the Central Processing Expansion Unit;main memory up to 2S6K (where K = 1024);memory parity;choice of 1 to 64 input/output (I/O) channels;parallel and/or serial I/O;and power supply selection. © 1979 American Society of Naval Engineers

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Managed Software Evolution 1

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1000年

作者： Ralf Reussner Jan Keim Michael Goedicke Wilhelm Hasselbring Birgit Vogel-Heuser Lukas Märtin

ISBN: (数字)9783030134990

ISBN: (纸本)9783030134983;9783030135010

This open access book presents the outcomes of the “Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution” priority program 1593, which was launched by the German Research Foundation (“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)”) to develop new approaches to software engineering with a specific focus on long-lived software systems. The different lifecycles of software and hardware platforms lead to interoperability problems in such systems. Instead of separating the development, adaptation and evolution of software and its platforms, as well as aspects like operation, monitoring and maintenance, they should all be integrated into one overarching process.;Accordingly, the book is split into three major parts, the first of which includes an introduction to the nature of software evolution, followed by an overview of the specific challenges and a general introduction to the case studies used in the project. The second part of the book consists of the main chapters on knowledge carrying software, and cover tacit knowledge in software evolution, continuous design decision support, model-based round-trip engineering for software product lines, performance analysis strategies, maintaining security in software evolution, learning from evolution for evolution, and formal verification of evolutionary changes. In turn, the last part of the book presents key findings and spin-offs. The individual chapters there describe various case studies, along with their benefits, deliverables and the respective lessons learned. An overview of future research topics rounds out the coverage.;The book was mainly written for scientific researchers and advanced professionals with an academic background. They will benefit from its comprehensive treatment of various topics related to problems that are now gaining in importance, given the higher costs for maintenance and evolution in comparison to the initial development, and the fact that today, most software is not developed from scratch, but as part of a c

关键词： Software Engineering Software Management Management of Computing and Information systems Theory of Computation

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Flexible Query Answering systems 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Henning Christiansen Mohand-Saïd Hacid Troels Andreasen Henrik Legind Larsen

ISBN: (数字)9783540259572

ISBN: (纸本)9783540221609

ThisvolumeconstitutestheproceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConferenceon Flexible Query Answering systems, FQAS 2004, held in Lyon, France, on June 24–26, 2004. FQAS is the premier conference for researchers and practitioners concerned with the vital task of providing easy, ?exible, and intuitive access to information for every type of need. This multidisciplinary conference draws on several research areas, including databases, information retrieval, knowledge representation, soft computing, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. With FQAS 2004, the FQAS conference series celebrated its tenth anniversary as it has been held every two years since 1994. The overall theme of the FQAS conferences is innovative query systems aimed at providing easy, ?exible, and intuitive access to information. Such systems are intended to facilitate retrieval from information repositories such as databases, libraries, and the Web. These repositories are typically equipped with standard query systems that are often inadequate for users. The focus of FQAS is the development of query systems that are more expressive, informative, cooperative, productive, and intuitive to use.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Information Storage and Retrieval Information systems Applications (incl. Internet) User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction Database Management IT in Business

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Flexible Query Answering systems 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Henrik Legind Larsen Gabriella Pasi Daniel Ortiz-Arroyo Troels Andreasen Henning Christiansen

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Z User Workshop, Cambridge 1994 1

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丛书名： Workshops in Computing

1000年

作者： J. P. Bowen J. A. Hall

ISBN: (数字)9781447134527

ISBN: (纸本)9783540198840

This volume contains papers from the Eighth Z User Meeting, to be held at the University of Cambridge from 29 - 30 June 1994. The papers cover a wide range of issues associated with Z and formal methods, with particular reference to practical application. These issues include education, standards, tool support, and interaction with other design paradigms such as consideration of real-time and object-oriented approaches to development. Among the actual topics covered are: the formal specification in Z of Defence Standard 00-56; formal specification of telephone features; specifying and interpreting class hierarchies in Z; and software quality assurance using the SAZ method.;provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.

关键词： programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters

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