When it is necessary to express changes between two source code files as a list of edit actions (an edit script), modern tree differencing algorithms are superior to most text-based approaches because they take code m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509055715
When it is necessary to express changes between two source code files as a list of edit actions (an edit script), modern tree differencing algorithms are superior to most text-based approaches because they take code movements into account and express source code changes more accurately. We present 5 general optimizations that can be added to state-of-the-art tree differencing algorithms to shorten the resulting edit scripts. Applied to Gumtree, RTED, JSync, and ChangeDistiller, they lead to shorter scripts for 1898% of the changes in the histories of 9 open-source software repositories. These optimizations also are parts of our novel Move-optimized Tree DIFFerencing algorithm (MTD-IFF) that has a higher accuracy in detecting moved code parts. MTDIFF (which is based on the ideas of ChangeDistiller) further shortens the edit script for another 20% of the changes in the repositories. MTDIFF and all the benchmarks are available under an open-source license.
Several research tools and projects require groups of similar code changes as input. Examples are recommendation and bug finding tools that can provide valuable information to developers based on such data. With the h...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509022427
Several research tools and projects require groups of similar code changes as input. Examples are recommendation and bug finding tools that can provide valuable information to developers based on such data. With the help of similar code changes they can simplify the application of bug fixes and code changes to multiple locations in a project. But despite their benefit, the practical value of existing tools is limited, as users need to manually specify the input data, i.e., the groups of similar code changes. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents and evaluates two syntactical similarity metrics, one of them is specifically designed to run fast, in combination with two carefully selected and self-tuning clustering algorithms to automatically detect groups of similar code changes. We evaluate the combinations of metrics and clustering algorithms by applying them to several open source projects and also publish the detected groups of similar code changes online as a reference dataset. The automatically detected groups of similar code changes work well when used as input for LASE, a recommendation system for code changes.
Many satellite systems require knowledge about inter-satellite distances. Inter-satellite links provide direct connectivity between satellites and may be used for ranging, while they remove the need of dedicated hardw...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509025275
Many satellite systems require knowledge about inter-satellite distances. Inter-satellite links provide direct connectivity between satellites and may be used for ranging, while they remove the need of dedicated hardware. This paper addresses inter-satellite ranging at the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) using S-Band signals. We take the requirements from recent missions and future applications into account and analyze the factors that limit ranging. We show how these factors affect the quality of distance estimation in terms of the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound for ranging. Two-way-ranging (TWR) provides the best accuracy and sustains the low-cost objective of small satellites. We further propose an enhanced TWR message exchange that enables on-the-fly delay calibration and sub-sample corrections. We implemented the transceiver modules on a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platform and evaluated them with real-world data. The results show that the proposed ranging algorithm achieves an accuracy of few centimeters.
Localization of wireless nodes within the IoT received much attention lately. However, strong constraints on power consumption, scalability, and complexity of the nodes pose a big challenge for localization techniques...
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Localization of wireless nodes within the IoT received much attention lately. However, strong constraints on power consumption, scalability, and complexity of the nodes pose a big challenge for localization techniques. This paper presents a concept for energy-efficient low-complexity localization based on Phase Difference of Arrival (PDoA). Besides a novel method for reference transmitter selection we propose a waveform, well-suited for PDoA measurements, and evaluate its ranging performance. We compare multiple signal classification (MUSIC), linear fitting, and mean phase difference and compare their estimation variance to the Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Our system concept allows for the mitigation of near-far effects for reference and tag signals at the receiver nodes, and an efficient implementation of a wideband frequency hopping scheme.
Event-Based systems (EBS) can efficiently analyze large streams of sensor data in near-realtime. But they struggle with noise or incompleteness that is seen in the unprecedented amount of data generated by the Interne...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450332866
Event-Based systems (EBS) can efficiently analyze large streams of sensor data in near-realtime. But they struggle with noise or incompleteness that is seen in the unprecedented amount of data generated by the Internet of Things. We present a generic approach that deals with uncertain data in the middleware layer of distributed event-based systems and is hence transparent for developers. Our approach calculates alternative paths to improve the overall result of the data analysis. It dynamically generates, updates, and evaluates Bayesian Networks based on probability measures and rules defined by developers. An evaluation on position data shows that the improved detection rate justifies the computational overhead.
Online resources, large data repositories and streaming social network messages embed plenitudes of interesting knowledge, often of associative nature. A specific communicative context, such as the political debate in...
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Traditional modeling approaches support a limited set of instantiation levels (typically one for classes and another adjacent one for objects). Multi-level modeling approaches on the other hand have no such limit to t...
Traditional modeling approaches support a limited set of instantiation levels (typically one for classes and another adjacent one for objects). Multi-level modeling approaches on the other hand have no such limit to the number of levels. As a consequence, an arbitrary number of levels may be used to define models, and the distinction between class and instance is redefined. The paper summarizes the experience gained from applying multi-level modeling techniques to a real application from the domain of development process improvement (DPI). The underlying case study has been conducted in cooperation with a large automotive supplier. We discuss the pros and cons of using multi-level modeling techniques and propose areas that we think would benefit from further research.
Translating time expression into absolute time points or durations is a challenge for natural languages processing such as text mining and text understanding in general. We present a constraint logic language CLP(Time...
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Automated machines and plants are operated for some decades and undergo an everlasting evolution during this time. In this paper, we present three related open evolution challenges focusing on software evolution in th...
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Automated machines and plants are operated for some decades and undergo an everlasting evolution during this time. In this paper, we present three related open evolution challenges focusing on software evolution in the domain of automated production systems, i.e. evolution and co-evolution of (interdisciplinary) engineering models and code, quality assurance as well as variant and version management during evolution.
A new language is introduced for describing hypotheses about fluctuations of measurable properties in streams of timestamped data, and as prime example, we consider trends of emotions in the constantly flowing stream ...
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