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20th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval

作者： Velez, B Weiss, R Sheldon, MA Gifford, DK Programming Systems Research Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science Lotus Development Corporation

ISBN: (纸本)0897918363

Query Refinement is an essential information retrieval tool that interactively recommends new terms related to a particular query. This paper introduces concept recall, an experimental measure of an algorithm's ability to suggest terms humans have judged to be semantically related to an information need. This study uses precision improvement experiments to measure the ability of an algorithm to produce single term query modifications that predict a user's information need as partially encoded by the query. An oracle algorithm produces ideal query modifications, providing a meaningful context for interpreting precision improvement results. This study also introduces RMAP, a fast and practical query refinement algorithm that refines multiple term queries by dynamically combining precomputed suggestions for single term queries. RMAP achieves accuracy comparable to a much slower algorithm, although both RMAP and the slower algorithm lag behind the best possible term suggestions offered by the oracle. We believe RMAP is fast enough to be integrated into present day Internet search engines: RMAP computes 100 term suggestions for a 160,000 document collection in 15 ms on a low-end PC.

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A NATURAL LANGUAGE programming SYSTEM FOR TEXT PROCESSING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING WRITING AND SPEECH 1968年第2期EW11卷 45-&页

作者： BARNETT, MP RUHSAM, WM Graphic Systems Applied Research Laboratory RCA Laboratories David Sarnoff Research Center Princeton NJ USA Systems Programming and Operations Research Group RCA Service Company Inc. Cherry Hill NJ USA

A " basic English" to enable editors, writers, librarians, educators, and others to instruct computers to perform mechanical text processing conveniently has been defined (see Tables II to V for partial summary). It has been given the name SNAP (Stylized Natural Procedural) language for reference. A processor that executes procedures expressed in a subset of this language has worked for some months on several computers. It was used successfully last semester by 40 students with humanities background, in a graduate course in the School of Library Service of Columbia University, for elementary mechanized library and documentation tasks. The processor for the larger subset of the language shown in Tables II to V now works, and is being applied to several practical problems. The processor for the full language is being completed. A SNAP procedure consists of a succession of well-formed English sentences of a few simple types. Most of these begin with imperative verbs that are concerned with input and output operations, and with the manipulation of strings of characters, numbers, and arrays of strings and numbers. Conditional sentences begin with IF. Several constructions that extract and concatenate portions of strings and lists of strings are used in the objects of SNAP sentences. The SNAP processor is written (apart from specialized input-output routines) in FORTRAN IV. It deals directly with some 25 "built-in" verbs, and will allow the user to define further verbs by subroutines that are also written in SNAP.

关键词： Natural languages Text processing programming profession Computer aided instruction Libraries Circuits Humans Laboratories Application software Computer applications

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Software transactional memory

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Queue 2008年第5期6卷 46-58页

作者： Cascaval, Calin Blundell, Colin Michael, Maged Cain, Harold W. Wu, Peng Chiras, Stefanie Chatterjee, Siddhartha Programming models and tools for scalable systems IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center University of Pennsylvania IBM's Systems and Technology Group Austin Research Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Texas Austin United States

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ITKBoard: A visual dataflow language for biomedical image processing

ITKBoard: A visual dataflow language for biomedical image pr...

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2nd International Conference on Software and Data Technologies

作者： Le, Hoang D. K. Li, Rongxin Ourselin, Sebastien Potter, John M. BioMedIA Autonomous Systems Laboratory Australia Programming Languages and Compilers Group School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789898111050

Experimenters in biomedical image processing rely on software libraries to provide a large number of standard filtering and image handling algorithms. The Insight Toolkit (ITK) is an open-source library that provides a complete framework for a range of image processing tasks, and is specifically aimed at segmentation and registration tasks for both two and three dimensional images. This paper describes a visual dataflow language, ITKBoard, designed to simplify building, and more significantly, experimenting with ITK applications. The ease with which image processing experiments can be interactively modified and controlled is an important aspect of the design. The experimenter can focus on the image processing task at hand, rather than worry about the underlying software. ITKBoard incorporates composite and parameterised components, and control constructs, and relies on a novel hybrid dataflow model, combining aspects of both demand and data-driven execution.

关键词： dataflow programming visual programming languages image processing software ITK ITKBoard

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Z User Workshop, Cambridge 1994 1

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丛书名： Workshops in Computing

1000年

作者： J. P. Bowen J. A. Hall

ISBN: (数字)9781447134527

ISBN: (纸本)9783540198840

This volume contains papers from the Eighth Z User Meeting, to be held at the University of Cambridge from 29 - 30 June 1994. The papers cover a wide range of issues associated with Z and formal methods, with particular reference to practical application. These issues include education, standards, tool support, and interaction with other design paradigms such as consideration of real-time and object-oriented approaches to development. Among the actual topics covered are: the formal specification in Z of Defence Standard 00-56; formal specification of telephone features; specifying and interpreting class hierarchies in Z; and software quality assurance using the SAZ method.;provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.

关键词： programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters

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Collecting data for software reliability analysis and modeling 93

Collecting data for software reliability analysis and modeli...

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Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1

作者： Joe Palma Jeff Tian Peng Lu IBM Programming Systems Toronto Laboratory

This paper studies the collection of appropriate data for software reliability analysis and modeling. Our approach satisfies the data requirements for various reliability models under the constraints imposed by our project environment. These data-model relations and data - environment constraints are characterized to provide a tentative roadmap for data collection. In the process of collecting data for a group of projects in the system testing stage, we encountered various problems and devised solutions and improvement initiatives to deal with them. We summarize our experience in this paper so that similar initiatives in quality improvement under similar environments can be implemented more effectively.

关键词： software reliability engineering data collection reliability

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Semantic file systems 91

Semantic file systems

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13th ACM Symposium on Operating systems Principles, SOSP 1991

作者： Gifford, David K. Jouvelot, Pierre Sheldon, Mark A. O'Toole Jr., James W. Programming Systems Research Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science United States CRI Ecole des Mines de Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)0897914473

A semantic file system is an information storage system that provides flexible associative access to the system's contents by automatically extracting attributes from files with file type specific transducers. Associative access is provided by a conservative extension to existing tree-structured file system protocols, and by protocols that are designed specifically for content based access. Compatiblity with existing file system protocols is provided by introducing the concept of a virtual directory. Virtual directory names are interpreted as queries, and thus provide flexible associative access to files and directories in a manner compatible with existing software. Rapid attribute-based access to file system contents is implemented by automatic extraction and indexing of key properties of file system objects. The automatic indexing of files and directories is called "semantic" because user programmable transducers use information about the semantics of updated file system objects to extract the properties for indexing. Experimental results from a semantic file system implementation support the thesis that semantic file systems present a more effective storage abstraction than do traditional tree structured file systems for information sharing and command level programming. © 1991 ACM.

关键词： Transducers

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Acceldroid: Co-designed acceleration of Android bytecode

Acceldroid: Co-designed acceleration of Android bytecode

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International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)

作者： Cheng Wang Youfeng Wu Marcelo Cintra Programming Systems Laboratory Microprocessor and Programming Research Intel Laboratories USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355247

A hardware/software co-designed processor transparently supports a ubiquitous ISA (e.g. ×86) with diversified and innovative microarchitectural implementations. It leverages co-designed HW features and dynamic binary translation (DBT) SW to morph existing binary programs to scale performance and save power. On such systems, the portable bytecode of modern dynamic languages (e.g. Java, JavaScript, etc.) is first translated into the code in the architecture ISA by the just-in-time (JIT) compilation in the bytecode virtual machine, and then into the code in the internal implementation ISA by the DBT. This not only incurs the translation overheads twice, but also brings significant emulation inefficiency as the DBT does not have the high level bytecode information. In this paper, we present AccelDroid, which accelerates the Android Dalvik bytecode execution on the HW/SW co-designed processor through direct bytecode translation in the DBT. Our experiments on a HW/SW co-designed Transmeta Efficeon machine show that AccelDroid can improve performance by 78% and save energy by 40% for the CaffeineMark 3.0 benchmark suite.

关键词： Optimization Computer architecture Androids Humanoid robots Software Emulation Java

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Place bisimulation equivalences for design of concurrent and sequential systems

Place bisimulation equivalences for design of concurrent and...

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MFCS '98 Workshop on Concurrency

作者： Tarasyuk, Igor V. Theoretical Programming Laboratory A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems 6 Acad. Lavrentiev ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia

In this paper, we supplement the set of basic and back-forth behavioural equivalences for Petri nets considered in [11] by place bisimulation ones. The relationships of all the equivalence notions are examined, and their preservation by refinements is investigated to find out which of these relations may be used in top-down design. It is demonstrated that the place bisimulation equivalences may be used for the compositional and history preserving reduction of Petri nets. In addition, we consider all the mentioned equivalences on sequential nets which are a special subclass of general Petri nets modelling sequential systems, where no two actions can happen simultaneously. On this net subclass all pomset equivalences merge with the corresponding interleaving ones, and it allows us to simplify their check. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： Petri nets

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Software reliability measurement and modeling for multiple releases of commercial software 4

Software reliability measurement and modeling for multiple r...

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4th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, ISSRE 1993

作者： Tian, Jeff Lu, Peng IBM Programming Systems Toronto Laboratory 895 Don Mills Road North YorkONM3C 1W3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0818640103

This paper summarizes our experience and findings in measuring and modeling software reliability for a large IBM software product. Four consecutive releases of this product were studied, with various reliability models fitted for individual releases. The models are evaluated by how good they can fit the observed data and how predictive they are. Model sensitivity and performance analysis are performed for across release comparisons, resulting in the models being ranked according to their robustness and accuracy in predicting failures across different data sets. Various ways of combining the multiple release information for generalization and extrapolation to successor releases are also explored. © 1993 IEEE.

关键词： Software reliability

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