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Software cost estimation using economic production models

Journal of Management Information systems 1998年第1期15卷 143-163页

作者： Hu, Q. Plant, R.T. Hertz, D.B. Dept. of Decis. and Info. Systems Florida Atlantic University United States University of Miami FL United States Dept. of Comp. Information Systems University of Miami Coral Gables FL United States University of Liverpool United Kingdom Programming Research Group Oxford University Wadham College Oxford United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Univ. of Wolverhampton in England Templeton College Oxford United Kingdom Dept. of Comp. Information Systems University of Miami United States Columbia University CEO Identification Technol. Intl. Inc. United States McKinsey and Co. New York City NY United States

One of the major difficulties in controlling software development project cost overruns and schedule delays has been developing practical and accurate software cost models. Software development could be modeled as an economic production process and we therefore propose a theoretical approach to software cost modeling. Specifically, we present the Minimum Software Cost Model (MSCM), derived from economic production theory and systems optimization. The MSCM model is compared with other widely used software cost models, such as COCOMO and SLIM, on the basis of goodness of fit and quality of estimation using software project data sets available in the literature. Judged by both criteria, the MSCM model is comparable to, if not better than, the SLIM, and significantly better than the rest of the models. In addition, the MSCM model provides some insights about the behavior of software development processes and environment, which could be used to formulate guidelines for better software project management polic es and practices.

关键词： economic production theory software cost estimation software cost models software production software project management

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Flexible Query Answering systems 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Henning Christiansen Mohand-Saïd Hacid Troels Andreasen Henrik Legind Larsen

ISBN: (数字)9783540259572

ISBN: (纸本)9783540221609

ThisvolumeconstitutestheproceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConferenceon Flexible Query Answering systems, FQAS 2004, held in Lyon, France, on June 24–26, 2004. FQAS is the premier conference for researchers and practitioners concerned with the vital task of providing easy, ?exible, and intuitive access to information for every type of need. This multidisciplinary conference draws on several research areas, including databases, information retrieval, knowledge representation, soft computing, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. With FQAS 2004, the FQAS conference series celebrated its tenth anniversary as it has been held every two years since 1994. The overall theme of the FQAS conferences is innovative query systems aimed at providing easy, ?exible, and intuitive access to information. Such systems are intended to facilitate retrieval from information repositories such as databases, libraries, and the Web. These repositories are typically equipped with standard query systems that are often inadequate for users. The focus of FQAS is the development of query systems that are more expressive, informative, cooperative, productive, and intuitive to use.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Information Storage and Retrieval Information systems Applications (incl. Internet) User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction Database Management IT in Business

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Flexible Query Answering systems 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Henrik Legind Larsen Gabriella Pasi Daniel Ortiz-Arroyo Troels Andreasen Henning Christiansen

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Machine intelligibility and the duality principle

British Telecom technology journal

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British Telecom technology journal 1996年第4期14卷 15-23页

作者： Muggleton, S. Michie, D. Wolfson College Oxford United Kingdom University of Tokyo Turing Institute Glasgow United Kingdom Intelligent Systems Research Group BT Laboratories Inductive Logic Programming Oxford University Press Logic Programming ILP Oxford Univ. Computing Laboratory University of Edinburgh Royal Society of Edinburgh British Computer Society

Lack of machine intelligibility in human/computer interactions can be traced to present approaches in software design. From the duality principle, software involved in human/computer software interaction contains two distinct layers, a declarative knowledge-level layer and a lower-level functional or procedural-knowledge layer. The former supports simple deductive and inductive inferences and can be used to facilitate human-comprehensible communication between programs, while the latter is composed of normal procedurally encoded computer programs. The duality principle in software design is necessary in dealing with the demands of wide-scale computer usage in the information age and an urgent goal for computer science research.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Foundations of Intelligent systems 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Troels Andreasen Henning Christiansen Juan-Carlos Cubero Zbigniew W. Raś

ISBN: (数字)9783319083261

ISBN: (纸本)9783319083254

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent systems, ISMIS 2014, held in Roskilde, Denmark, in June 2014. The 61 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 111 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on complex networks and data stream mining; data mining methods; intelligent systems applications; knowledge representation in databases and systems; textual data analysis and mining; special session: challenges in text mining and semantic information retrieval; special session: warehousing and OLAPing complex, spatial and spatio-temporal data; ISMIS posters.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Database Management Information Storage and Retrieval Information systems Applications (incl. Internet) User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction

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Implementation lessons of performance prediction tool for parallel conservative simulation 6

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6th International European Conference on Parallel Computing, Euro-Par 2000

作者： Lim, Chu-Cheow Low, Yoke-Hean Gan, Boon-Ping Cai, Wentong Intel Corporation SC12-305 2000 Mission College Blvd Santa ClaraCA95052-8119 United States Programming Research Group Oxford University Computing Laboratory University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3QD United Kingdom Gintic Institute of Manufacturing Technology 71 Nanyang Drive Singapore638075 Singapore Center for Advanced Information Systems School of Applied Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9783540679561

Performance prediction is useful in helping parallel programmers answer questions such as speedup scalability. Performance prediction for parallel simulation requires first working out the performance analyzer algorithms for specific simulation protocols. In order for the prediction results to be close to the results from actual parallel executions, there are further considerations when implementing the analyzer. These include (a) equivalence of code between the sequential program and parallel program, and (b) system effects (e.g. cache miss rates and synchronization overheads in an actual parallel execution). This paper describes our investigations into these issues on a performance analyzer for a conservative, "super-step" (synchronous) simulation protocol. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000.

关键词： Forecasting

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Polynomial speedup in Torontonian calculation by a scalable recursive algorithm

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kaposi, Ágoston Kolarovszki, Zoltán Kozsik, Tamás Zimborás, Zoltán Rakyta, Péter Department of Programming Languages and Compilers Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Wigner Research Centre for Physics The Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary BME-MTA Lendület Quantum Information Theory Research Group Budapest Hungary Department of Physics of Complex Systems Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary

Evaluating the Torontonian function is a central computational challenge in the simulation of Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) with threshold detection. In this work, we propose a recursive algorithm providing a polynomial speedup in the exact calculation of the Torontonian compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. According to our numerical analysis the complexity of the algorithm is proportional to N1.06912N/2 with N being the size of the problem. We also show that the recursive algorithm can be scaled up to HPC use cases making feasible the simulation of threshold GBS up to 35 − 40 photon clicks without the needs of large-scale computational capacities. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Computational complexity

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Generalized group designs: overcoming the 4-design-barrier and constructing novel unitary 2-designs in arbitrary dimensions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kaposi, Ágoston Kolarovszki, Zoltán Solymos, Adrián Zimborás, Zoltán Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Research Group HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics Konkoly–Thege Miklós út 29-33 BudapestH-1525 Hungary Department of Programming Languages and Compilers Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C BudapestH-1117 Hungary Department of Physics of Complex Systems Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A BudapestH-1117 Hungary Algorithmiq Ltd Kanavakatu 3C Helsinki00160 Finland

Unitary designs are essential tools in several quantum information protocols. Similarly to other design concepts, unitary designs are mainly used to facilitate averaging over a relevant space, in this case, the unitary group U(d). While it is known that exact unitary t-designs exist for any degree t and dimension d, the most appealing type of designs, group designs (in which the elements of the design form a group), can provide at most 3-designs. Moreover, even group 2-designs can only exist in limited dimensions. In this paper, we present novel construction methods for creating exact generalized group designs based on the representation theory of the unitary group and its finite subgroups that overcome the 4-design-barrier of unitary group designs. Furthermore, a construction is presented for creating generalized group 2-designs in arbitrary dimensions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： group theory

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CONCURRENT LARGE-SIGNAL SIMULATION OF AN ACTIVE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1995年第1期8卷 3-12页

作者： MCDOWALL, DS FUSCO, VF High Frequency Electronics Laboratory. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Queen's University of Belfast Ashby Building Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AH U.K. D. Stewart McDowall was born in Dublin Republic of Ireland in 1967. He received the M. Eng. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the Queen's University of Belfast in 1990. In the same year he was presented with a Distinction Award from the Departmnet of Education of Northern Ireland and he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in the Microwave Research Group at Q.U.B. His principal research area is the electromagnetic field mapping of microwave systems using concurrent programming. He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. Vincent F. Fusco was educated at the Queens's University of Belfast where he obtained the degree of Ph.D. in 1982. He has worked as a research engineer on short-range radar and radio telemetry systems. Currently he is a reader in Microwave Communications in the School of Electrical engineering and Computer Science the Queen's University of Belfast. His current research interests include non-linear microwave circuit simulatino and concurrent programming techniques for electromagnetic field problems with particular emphasis on EMC applications. He has published numerous research papers in these areas. He is the author of the bookMicrowave Circuits Analysis and Computer Aided Design Prentice-Hall 1987. Dr Fusco is a Chartered Electrical Engineer and a Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers.

This paper details the use of a circuit-based EM modelling technique combined with a harmonic balance simulator used to model the radiation from the microstrip bodies comprising an active antenna circuit. The modelling approach adopted for the planar bodies in the circuit will be shown to allow the use of concurrent algorithms in order to reduce overall computational time.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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CONCURRENT BOUNDARY-ELEMENT COMPUTATION

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1993年第2期6卷 83-98页

作者： MCDOWALL, DS LEE, TW FUSCO, VF Microwave Research Group Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Queen's University of Belfast Ashby Building Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AH Northern Ireland U.K. D. Stewart McDowall was born in Dublin epublic of Ireland in 1967. He received the M. Eng. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the Queen's University of Belfast in 1990. In the same year he was presented with a Distinction Award from the Department of Education of Northern Ireland and he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in the Microwave Research Group at Q.U.B. His principal research area is the electromagnetic field mapping of microwave systems using concurrient programming. He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. Lee Thaim Wee was awarded the degree of B. Eng. in Electronics from the Queen's University of Belfast in July 1991. He is currently serving in the Malaysian Armed Forces. Vincent F. Fusco was educated at the Queen's Univeristy of Belfast where he obtained the degree of Ph.D. in 1982. He has worked as a research engineer on short-range radar and radio telementry systems. Currently he is a reader in Microwave Communications in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science the Queen's Univeristy of Belfast. His current research interests include non-linear microwave circuit simulation and concurrent programming techniques for electromagnetic field problems with particular emphasis on EMC applications. He has published numerous research papers in these areas. He is the author of the bookMicrowave Circuits Analysis and Computer Aided Design Prentice-Hall 1987. Dr Fusco is a Chartered Electrical Engineer and a Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers.

A major limitation of the boundary element method (BEM) for the solution of electrical potential problems is the long computational time required. However, a large portion of the calculations involved can be viewed as being parallel in nature and can therefore be computed concurrently. This paper makes an effort to increase the efficiency of the BEM process using transputer-based multiprocessor computing techniques. The algorithms developed may equally well be applied to any multiprocessor system. The application selected to demonstrate the technique is the solution of an electrostatic problem governed by a two-dimensional Laplace equation. A parallel algorithm for problem setup and field extraction using BEM is designed and implemented on a transputer array. Special attention is directed to the utilization of the parallel processors to achieve maximum efficiency. The analysis in this work concentrates on the communication strategies for passing data between processors as well as a consideration of the workload attributed to each processor. The parallel algorithms were implemented using 3L Parallel Fortran;however, the choice of topology for the overall BEM implementation was limited by the fact that certain parts of the algorithm could only utilize a pipeline configuration of processors. Comprehensive results for the parallel BEM algorithm are given and they are encouraging, indicating that parallel processing has much to offer when applied to the boundary element method.

关键词： Boundary element method

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