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Proceedings of the the seventh ACM conference on Hypertext

作者： Ron Weiss Bienvenido Vélez Mark A. Sheldon Programming Systems Research Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA

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Machine intelligibility and the duality principle

British Telecom technology journal

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British Telecom technology journal 1996年第4期14卷 15-23页

作者： Muggleton, S. Michie, D. Wolfson College Oxford United Kingdom University of Tokyo Turing Institute Glasgow United Kingdom Intelligent Systems Research Group BT Laboratories Inductive Logic Programming Oxford University Press Logic Programming ILP Oxford Univ. Computing Laboratory University of Edinburgh Royal Society of Edinburgh British Computer Society

Lack of machine intelligibility in human/computer interactions can be traced to present approaches in software design. From the duality principle, software involved in human/computer software interaction contains two distinct layers, a declarative knowledge-level layer and a lower-level functional or procedural-knowledge layer. The former supports simple deductive and inductive inferences and can be used to facilitate human-comprehensible communication between programs, while the latter is composed of normal procedurally encoded computer programs. The duality principle in software design is necessary in dealing with the demands of wide-scale computer usage in the information age and an urgent goal for computer science research.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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CONCURRENT LARGE-SIGNAL SIMULATION OF AN ACTIVE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1995年第1期8卷 3-12页

作者： MCDOWALL, DS FUSCO, VF High Frequency Electronics Laboratory. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Queen's University of Belfast Ashby Building Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AH U.K. D. Stewart McDowall was born in Dublin Republic of Ireland in 1967. He received the M. Eng. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the Queen's University of Belfast in 1990. In the same year he was presented with a Distinction Award from the Departmnet of Education of Northern Ireland and he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in the Microwave Research Group at Q.U.B. His principal research area is the electromagnetic field mapping of microwave systems using concurrent programming. He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. Vincent F. Fusco was educated at the Queens's University of Belfast where he obtained the degree of Ph.D. in 1982. He has worked as a research engineer on short-range radar and radio telemetry systems. Currently he is a reader in Microwave Communications in the School of Electrical engineering and Computer Science the Queen's University of Belfast. His current research interests include non-linear microwave circuit simulatino and concurrent programming techniques for electromagnetic field problems with particular emphasis on EMC applications. He has published numerous research papers in these areas. He is the author of the bookMicrowave Circuits Analysis and Computer Aided Design Prentice-Hall 1987. Dr Fusco is a Chartered Electrical Engineer and a Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers.

This paper details the use of a circuit-based EM modelling technique combined with a harmonic balance simulator used to model the radiation from the microstrip bodies comprising an active antenna circuit. The modelling approach adopted for the planar bodies in the circuit will be shown to allow the use of concurrent algorithms in order to reduce overall computational time.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Calculation of the temperature distribution in an asynchronous machine

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1995年第3期5卷 181-186页

作者： Xypteras, J. Maras, K. Spyrelis, D. Associate Professor Dr.-Ing. Jannis Xypteras (1937) Director of the Electrical Machines Laboratory Dept. of Electrical Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT)/Greece graduated from the Fakultatfur Elektrotechnik of the RWTH AachedGermany. During the years 1965 to 1980 he had been employed in German and Greek factories for electrical machines several years as chief of development departments. In 1978 he obtained his Dr. Electr. Eng. degree in the AUT. His subject was in the area of eddy currents. Since 1984 he is Ass. hofessor in the same University. His special interests: Design and development of electrical machines vibration and noise problems electromagnetic fields eddy currents. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering Aristotle University GR-54006 Thessaloniki/Greece T +30 3 1 I99 62 93 Fax +303 11 99 63 02) Kostas Maras (1966) received his degree in Electrical Engineering from the Electrotechnical Faculty of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki/Greece in 1989. In 1990 he graduated as M.Sc. in Digital Electronics in the King's College London at the University of LondordGB with the project “Design of a Transversal Filter on VLSI CMOS”. Since then he has been working at M. Papasavas S.A. at KallithedGreece as an analyst in developing industrial software. Projects: Design and implementation of a dynamic relational model used to tackle production problems in industry. From 1991 to 93 he was responsible for the development of production planning used in industries. (M. Papasavas S.A. Sofocleus 261 GR-17874 KallithedGreece T +30 119423246 Fax +30 1/9429561) Dimitrios S. Spyrelis (1965) received his Diploma in Electrical Engineering from the University of Thessalonikil Greece in 1989. In 1990 he joined the Coding Center of Greek Army as research Assistant. He is currently working as technical director in a pigpoultry breeding company which includes feed processing industry slaughter houses by product process industry wastes treatment systems from farm livestock. His last fields of interest

In this paper the temperature distribution on the section vertical to the axis of an asynchronous machine is calculated. For the calculation the numerical method of “Control Volumes” has been used. The technique used can be easily modified to fit any kind of machine. It can also analyse transients. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Data placement and buffer management for concurrent mergesorts with parallel prefetching

Data placement and buffer management for concurrent mergesor...

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International Conference on Data Engineering

作者： Kun-Lung Wu P.S. Yu J.Z. Teng IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NJ USA IBM Programming Systems Toronto Laboratory San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0818654023

Various data placement policies are studied for the merge phase of concurrent mergesorts using parallel prefetching, where initial sorted runs (input) of a merge and its final sorted run (output) are stored on multiple disks but each run resides only on a single disk. Since the merge phase involves only sequential references, parallel prefetching can be attractive an reducing the average response time for concurrent merges. However, without careful buffer control, severe thrashing may develop under certain run placement policies, reducing the benefits of prefetching. The authors examine through detailed simulations three different run placement policies. The results show that even though buffer thrashing can be almost avoided by placing the output run of a job on the same disk with at least one of its input runs, this thrashing-avoiding run placement policy can be substantially outperformed by other policies that use buffer thrashing control. With buffer thrashing avoidance, the best performance as achieved by a run placement policy that uses a proper subset of disks dedicated for writing the output runs while the rest of the disks are used for prefetching the input runs in parallel.< >

关键词： Prefetching Delay Writing Throughput Sorting Databases Query processing

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COMPOSITIONAL PRIORITY SPECIFICATION IN REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED systems

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SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES 1992年第1期17卷 75-93页

作者： SHYAMASUNDAR, RK LIU, LY Computer Science Group Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay India IBM Programming Systems Cary Laboratory Cary USA

In this paper, we develop a compositional denotational semantics for prioritized real-time distributed programming languages. One of the interesting features is that it extends the existing compositional theory proposed by Koymans et al (1988) for prioritized real-time languages preserving the compositionality of the semantics. The language permits users to define situations in which an action has priority over another action without the requirement of preassigning priorities to actions for partially ordering the alphabet of actions. These features are part of the languages such as Ada designed specifically keeping in view the needs of real-time embedded systems. Further, the approach does not have the restriction of other approaches such as prioritized internal moves can preempt unprioritized actions etc. Our notion of priority in the environment is based on the intuition that a low priority action can proceed only if the high priority action cannot proceed due to lack of the handshaking partner at that point of execution. In other words, if some action is possible corresponding to that environment at some point of execution then the action takes place without unnecessary waiting. The proposed semantic theory provides a clear distinction between the semantic model and the execution model - this has enabled us to fully ensure that there is no unnecessary waiting.

关键词： COMPOSITIONAL SPECIFICATION REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED systems PRIORITY SPECIFICATION MESSAGE PASSING MODELS

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Semantic file systems 91

Semantic file systems

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13th ACM Symposium on Operating systems Principles, SOSP 1991

作者： Gifford, David K. Jouvelot, Pierre Sheldon, Mark A. O'Toole Jr., James W. Programming Systems Research Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science United States CRI Ecole des Mines de Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)0897914473

A semantic file system is an information storage system that provides flexible associative access to the system's contents by automatically extracting attributes from files with file type specific transducers. Associative access is provided by a conservative extension to existing tree-structured file system protocols, and by protocols that are designed specifically for content based access. Compatiblity with existing file system protocols is provided by introducing the concept of a virtual directory. Virtual directory names are interpreted as queries, and thus provide flexible associative access to files and directories in a manner compatible with existing software. Rapid attribute-based access to file system contents is implemented by automatic extraction and indexing of key properties of file system objects. The automatic indexing of files and directories is called "semantic" because user programmable transducers use information about the semantics of updated file system objects to extract the properties for indexing. Experimental results from a semantic file system implementation support the thesis that semantic file systems present a more effective storage abstraction than do traditional tree structured file systems for information sharing and command level programming. © 1991 ACM.

关键词： Transducers

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military Engineering

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The FX-87 Interpreter

The FX-87 Interpreter

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International Conference on Computer Languages

作者： P. Jouvelot D.K. Gifford Programming Systems Research Group Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

The first implementation of the programming language FX-87, a polymorphic typed functional language based on a system for static program analysis, is described. This polymorphic effect system integrates type checking and side-effect analysis into a single framework and allows the automatic detection of parallelizable expressions at compile-time. In FX-87, every expression has two static properties: a type and an effect. Type and effect polymorphism permits the behavior of first-class procedures to be statically modeled. The integration of type and effect analysis has resulted in the first system that is able (by accurate modeling of the side-effects of procedure values and masking of unobservable effects in the heap) to detect a compile-time, parallelizable constructs in both functional and imperative programs.< >

关键词： programming profession Job shop scheduling Computer languages Parallel programming Parallel machines Program processors Functional programming Laboratories Computer science Performance analysis

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THE PROSPECT OF AN UNDER WA TER NA VAL ROBOT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第1期92卷 65-72页

作者： DIXON, JOHN K. JOHNSON, HERBERT A. SLAGLE, JAMES R. Dr. John K. Dixon was born on 1 December 1934 in Detroit. Mich. He received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Lawrence Institute of Technology in 1957 his M.B.A. degree from Wayne State University in 1964 his M.S. degree in Physics from the University of California at Davis in 1967 and his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of California at Livermore in 1970. In 1957 he was employed by the Chrysler Missile Division Warren Mich. where he designed circuits for the Redstoneand Jupitermissiles. In 1959 he joined the Staff of the Bendix Research Laboratory Southfield Mich. where he designed equipment for missile guidance systems and aircraft blind landing systems. From 1965 until 1968 he was a Research Assistant in the Artificial Intelligence Group Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Livermore Calif at which time he left to join the Heuristics Laboratory of the National Institutes of Health Bethesda Md. as a Computer Scientist. In 1974 he moved to the Computer Science Laboratory at the Naval Research Laboratory. Washington D.C. where he is currently employed on various Research Projects. Mr. Herbert A. Johnson graduated from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy and later continued his graduate studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Purdue University. receiving his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the latter. He is presently a Captain in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve and Head of the Ocean Instrumentation Branch. Ocean Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Prior to joining NRL in 1974 he was employed on various marine systems projects at Honeywell and on Polarisinstrumentation at Interstate Electronics a company he assisted in founding in 1956. He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Dr. James R. Slagle received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the recipient of an Outstanding Blind Student Award for 1959 which was presented to him by President Dwight D.

This paper explores the concept of an underwater robot manipulator mounted on an unmanned submersible for the purpose of doing some undersea tasks of interest to the U.S. Navy. The robot concept is compared with other methods of doing work underwater and its strengths and weaknesses are enumerated. Such a robot would be able to do only simple, well‐defined tasks, but it would probably be the most economical way of doing those jobs which are within its competence. The jobs which such a device might be able to do are listed and evaluated in terms of how easy or difficult they are for a robot to do. From this analysis some conclusions are drawn about what capabilities are needed in such a robot. It is concluded that speed of operation is not critical (In contrast to robots which are intended for industrial jobs), but that the ability to cope with unexpected conditions and to recover from mistakes is very important. Next, existing robot technology and past research***are discussed and evaluated in terms of the needs of an underwater naval robot. Gaps in the technology are identified, and, finally, me suggestions for research are given. © 1980 American Society of Naval Engineers

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