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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： P. Kouznetsov R. Guerraoui S.B. Handurukande A.-M. Kermarrec Distributed Programming Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland Microsoft Research Limited Cambridge USA

We present in this paper a general garbage collection scheme that reduces the "noise" in gossip-based broadcast algorithms. In short, our garbage collection scheme uses a simple heuristic to trade "useless" messages with "useful" ones. Used with a given gossip-based broadcast algorithm, a given size of buffers, and a given number of disseminated messages (e.g., per gossip round), our garbage collection scheme provides higher overall reliability than more conventional schemes. We illustrate our approach through two algorithms: bimodal multicast (pbcast) and lightweight probabilistic broadcast (lpbcast). Our scheme is based on the intuitive idea of discarding messages according to their "age". The "age" of a message represents the number of times the message has been retransmitted.

关键词： Noise reduction Broadcasting Multicast algorithms Scalability Laboratories Broadcast technology Local area networks Degradation Redundancy Large-scale systems

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Technological parameters of thin-film pulsed laser scribing for perovskite photovoltaics

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 127-135页

作者： Rustam Ishteev Pavel Gostishchev Mariia Tiukhova Anton Sorokin Arthur Ishteev Vladimir Kondratenko Laboratory of Precision Machining of Materials Department of NanoelectronicsInstitute for Advanced Technologies and Industrial ProgrammingRTU MIREAMoscowRussia Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department MoscowRussia Laboratory of Advanced Solar Energy(LASE) National University of Science and Technology MISIS4 Leninsky St.MoscowRussia Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences(RAS)4 Kosygina str.MoscowRussia

Over the past decade,the power conversion efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells has shown a rapid increase to 26.1%.The significant efficiency growth and the relative simplification of the technology for obtaining thin-film solar cells due to liquid printing methods determine the high potential for the low-cost perovskite solar cells ***,efficient use of cell geometry is comparable to the size of standard crystalline-Si wafers(156:156 mm and more).Therefore,modular geometry similar to amorphous-Si solar cell approaches is used to scale perovskite solar *** electrical connection of thin-film cells requires precise processing of the conductive layers that form the device p-i-n *** subject of research is the development of a full pulsed laser scribing cycle for inverted perovskite solar *** this work,we propose a study of a laser-patterning technology In_(2)O_(3):SnO_(2)(ITO)conductive layer and a photoactive perovskite layer Cs0,2(CH(NH_(2))_(2))_(0,8)PbI_(3).Process regimes of transparent conducting electrodes based on ITO and halide perovskite layer Cs_(0,2)(CH(NH_(2))_(2))_(0,8)PbI_(3)laser patterning were *** optimal parameters for the multipass mode processing of ITO and perovskite layer were *** cell was electrically isolated at a scribe line width of 30μm.

关键词： patterning perovskite solar cell perovskite solar cell photovoltaics scribing

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Maternal treatment with dexamethasone during lactation delays male puberty and disrupts reproductive functions via hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis alterations

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Pathophysiology 2016年第1期23卷 43-49页

作者： Jeje, S.O. Akindele, O.O Balogun, M.E. Raji, Y. Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming Department of Physiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Human Physiology Cross River University of Technology Okuku Campus Cross River State Nigeria Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine College of Health Sciences Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria

The effects of maternal treatment with dexamethasone during lactation on pubertal timing, serum hormonal profile and sperm indices in the male offspring were assessed. Twenty lactating dams were divided into 4 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was administered subcutaneously 0.02 ml/100 g/day normal saline at lactation days 1-21. Groups 2-4 were administered subcutaneously 100 μg/kg/day dexamethasone (Dex) at lactation days 1-7, 1-14, and 1-21 respectively. Results showed that there was significant reduction in serum testosterone in the DexLD 1-7 (p < 0.05), DexLD 1-14 (p < 0.01) and DexLD 1-21 (p < 0.001) relative to control. In addition there was a significant reduction in serum FSH and LH in the DexLD 1-7 (p < 0.01), DexLD 1-14 (p < 0.001) and DexLD 1-21 (p < 0.001) when compared with the control. Treatment with dexamethasone during lactation significantly increased the days of preputial separation in the DexLD 1-7 (p < 0.05), DexLD 1-14 (p < 0.05) and DexLD 1-21 (p < 0.001) relative to control. Maternal treatment with dexamethasone throughout lactation period also significantly reduced sperm counts (p < 0.001), motility (p < 0.01) and increased percentage abnormal sperm (p < 0.001) in the offspring when compared with the control. In conclusion, maternal treatment with dexamethasone during lactation may induce delayed puberty and disrupt reproductive functions by altering activities at hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the male offspring. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

关键词： Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Puberty Reproduction Sperm indices

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Research on the multidimensional educational review strategy Based on MOOCs Integrated by the multidimensional learning theory

Research on the multidimensional educational review strategy...

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2015 World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, WCECS 2015

作者： Ming, Li Ju, Zhang Jingzhong, Zhang Lian, Chen High Performance Computing Application R and D Center Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China Automated Reasoning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Chongqing Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China Laboratory for Automated Reasoning and Programming Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881925367

Through a detailed analysis of the theoretical basis for MOOCs in terms of educational learning theories, this paper attempts at finding the corresponding relationship between the theories and MOOCs, which not only theoretically explains the reasons why MOOCs exceed all the previous education models, but also empirically proves it with voluminous facts and data. The author conducts this research in the hope of enlightening the online education platform of other types. Besides, this paper provides the model framework and strategy to multidimensional educational review based on MOOCs. The model and strategy are applicable not only to MOOCs, the large-scale online education, but also to various online education platforms.

关键词： E-learning

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On the inability of Markov models to capture criticality in human mobility

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Kulkarni, Vaibhav Mahalunkar, Abhijit Garbinato, Benoit Kelleher, John D. Distributed Object Programming Laboratory UNIL-HEC Lausanne Switzerland Applied Intelligence Research Center Dublin Institute of Technology

We examine the non-Markovian nature of human mobility by exposing the inability of Markov models to capture criticality in human mobility. In particular, the assumed Markovian nature of mobility was used to establish a theoretical upper bound on the predictability of human mobility (expressed as a minimum error probability limit), based on temporally correlated entropy. Since its inception, this bound has been widely used and empirically validated using Markov chains. We show that recurrent-neural architectures can achieve significantly higher predictability, surpassing this widely used upper bound. In order to explain this anomaly, we shed light on several underlying assumptions in previous research works that has resulted in this bias. By evaluating the mobility predictability on real-world datasets, we show that human mobility exhibits scale-invariant long-range correlations, bearing similarity to a power-law decay. This is in contrast to the initial assumption that human mobility follows an exponential decay. This assumption of exponential decay coupled with Lempel-Ziv compression in computing Fano's inequality has led to an inaccurate estimation of the predictability upper bound. We show that this approach inflates the entropy, consequently lowering the upper bound on human mobility predictability. We finally highlight that this approach tends to overlook long-range correlations in human mobility. This explains why recurrent-neural architectures that are designed to handle long-range structural correlations surpass the previously computed upper bound on mobility predictability. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Criticality (nuclear fission)

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Abstracting remote object interaction in a peer-2-peer environment 02

Abstracting remote object interaction in a peer-2-peer envir...

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Proceedings of the Joint ACM Java Grande - ISCOPE 2002 Conference

作者： Eugster, Patrick Thomas Baehni, Seábastien Distributed Comp. Syst. Res. Grp. Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg S-412 96 Sweden Distributed Programming Laboratory Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol. Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135992

Leveraged by the success of applications aiming at the "free" sharing of data in the Internet, the paradigm of peer-to-peer (P2P) computing has been devoted substantial consideration recently. This paper presents an abstraction for remote object interaction in a P2P environment, called borrow/lend (BL). We present the principles underlying our BL abstraction, and its implementation in Java. We contrast our abstraction with established abstractions for distributed programming such as the remote method invocation or the tuple space, illustrating how the BL abstraction, obviously influenced by such predating abstractions, unifies flavors of these, but also how it captures the constraints specific to P2P environments.

关键词： Internet

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Termination of programs over the union of intervals

Termination of programs over the union of intervals

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International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, ICACTE

作者： Lin Mu Yi Li Taige Jin Jiawei Luo Laboratory of Automated Reasoning and Programming Chengdu Institute of Computer ApplicationCAS Chengdu China Laboratory of CRTC University of Electronic Science and Technology Chengdu China

For a generic loop: while (constraints) {updates} it is well known that the termination problem is undecidable in general, even for a simple class of polynomial programs. If the constraints or the updating function in the above loop is not linear, the loop is called nonlinear. In this paper, we investigate how to solve the termination of the above loop by deciding whether a fixed point exists, when the constraints are the union of intervals and the updating functions are polynomials. Furthermore, when all fixed points are on the boundaries of the union of intervals, we also establish a corresponding necessary and sufficient condition of nontermination.

关键词： Orbits

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A PIPELINED BROADCAST FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL MESHES

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Parallel Processing Letters 1995年第2期5卷 281-292页

作者： JERRELL WATTS ROBERT VAN DE GEIJN Scalable Concurrent Programming Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA

We address the problem of performing a pipelined broadcast on a mesh architecture. Meshes require a different approach than other topologies, and their very nature puts a tighter bound on the performance that one can hope to achieve. By using the appropriate techniques, however, one can obtain excellent performance for sufficiently long messages. The resulting algorithm will work on meshes of any dimension with any number of nodes. Our model assumes that the mesh is a torus and/or that it has bidirectional links and uses wormhole routing. Performance data from the Cray T3D are included.

关键词： Broadcast pipelining communication mesh torus

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Supporting mobility in content-based publish/subscribe middleware 03

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Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2003 International Conference on Middleware

作者： Ludger Fiege Felix C. Gärtner Oliver Kasten Andreas Zeidler Darmstadt University of Technology (TUD) Darmstadt Germany Distributed Programming Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540403173

Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is considered a valuable middleware architecture that proliferates loose coupling and leverages reconfigurability and evolution. Up to now, existing pub/sub middleware was optimized for static systems where users as well as the underlying system structure were rather fixed. We study the question whether existing pub/sub middleware can be extended to support mobile and location-dependent applications. We first analyze the requirements of such applications and distinguish two orthogonal forms of mobility: the system-centric physical mobility and an application-centric logical mobility (where users are aware that they are changing location). We introduce location-dependent subscriptions as a suitable means to exploit the power of the event-based paradigm in mobile applications. Briefly spoken, location-dependency refines a subscription to accept only events related to a mobile user's current location. Implementations for both forms of mobility are presented within the content-based pub/sub middleware Rebeca, drawing from its refined routing capabilities (namely, covering and merging).

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Characterization and analysis of HMMER and SVM-RFE parallel bioinformatics applications

Characterization and analysis of HMMER and SVM-RFE parallel ...

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IEEE International Workshop/Symposium on Workload Characterization

作者： U. Srinivasan Peng-Sheng Chen Qian Diao Chu-Cheow Lim E. Li Yongjian Chen R. Ju Yimin Zhang Programming Systems Laboratoryoratory Microprocessor Technology Laboratory Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA USA Architecture Research Laboratoryoratory Microprocessor Technology Laboratory Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA USA

Bioinformatics applications constitute an emerging data-intensive, high-performance computing (HPC) domain. While there is much research on algorithmic improvements, (2004), the actual performance of an application also depends on how well the program maps to the target hardware. This paper presents a performance study of two parallel bioinformatics applications HMMER (sequence alignment) and SVM-RFE (gene expression analysis), on Intel x86 based hyperthread-capable (2002) shared-memory multiprocessor systems. The performance characteristics varied according to the application and target hardware characteristics. For instance, HMMER is compute intensive and showed better scalability on a 3.0 GHz system versus a 2.2 GHz system. However, SVM-RFE is memory intensive and showed better absolute performance on the 2.2 GHz machine which has better memory bandwidth. The performance is also impacted by processor features, e.g. hyperthreading (HT) (2002) and prefetching. With HMMER we could obtain -75% of the performance with HT enabled with respect to doubling the number of CPUs. While load balancing optimizations can provide speedup of -30% for HMMER on a hyperthreading-enabled system, the load balancing has to adapt to the target number of processors and threads. SVM-RFE benefits differently from the same load-balancing and thread scheduling tuning. We conclude that compiler and runtime optimizations play an important role to achieve the best performance for a given bioinformatics algorithm.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Bioinformatics Hardware Load management Yarn Gene expression Performance analysis Multiprocessing systems Scalability Bandwidth

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