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54th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2024

作者： Läufer, Konstantin Mertin, Gunda Thiruvathukal, George K. Loyola University Software and Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Chicago United States Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351507

Background: In this Innovative Practice Work in Progress, we present our initial efforts to integrate formal methods, with a focus on model-checking specifications written in Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+), into computer science education, targeting undergraduate juniors/seniors and graduate students. Many safety-critical systems and services crucially depend on correct and reliable behavior. Formal methods can play a key role in ensuring correct and safe system behavior, yet remain underutilized in educational and industry contexts. Aims: We aim to (1) qualitatively assess the state of formal methods in computer science programs, (2) construct level-appropriate examples that could be included midway into one's undergraduate studies, (3) demonstrate how to address successive 'failuresy' through progressively stringent safety and liveness requirements, and (4) establish an ongoing framework for assessing interest and relevance among students. Methods: We detail our pedagogical strategy for embedding TLA+ into an intermediate course on formal methods at our institution. After starting with a refresher on mathematical logic, students specify the rules of simple puzzles in TLA+ and use its included model checker (known as TLC) to find a solution. We gradually escalate to more complex, dynamic, event-driven systems, such as the control logic of a microwave oven, where students will study safety and liveness requirements. We subsequently discuss explicit concurrency, along with thread safety and deadlock avoidance, by modeling bounded counters and buffers. Results: Our initial findings suggest that through careful curricular design and choice of examples and tools, it is possible to inspire and cultivate a new generation of software engineers proficient in formal methods. Conclusions: Our initial efforts suggest that 84% of our students had a positive experience in our formal methods course. Our future plans include a longitudinal analysis within our own institution and

关键词： Students

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Improving Collaborative Modeling by an Operation-Based Versioning Approach

Improving Collaborative Modeling by an Operation-Based Versi...

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2024 software engineering, SE 2024

作者： Exelmans, Joeri Pietron, Jakob Raschke, Alexander Vangheluwe, Hans Tichy, Matthias University of Antwerp Flanders Make Antwerp Belgium Ulm University Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797371

The presented work concerns our recent research on advanced collaboration and versioning techniques supporting blended modeling, originally published in the Journal of Computer Languages in August 2023 [Ex23]. Collaboration is a rising topic not only but also in the domain of model-driven engineering. The more collaborators working together on a joint model or artifact, the more adequate tooling becomes important, especially if the collaborators use different, but for their specific task most appropriate notations/concrete syntaxes (CS) simultaneously. The presented approach supports collaboration in this context by applying and extending operation-based versioning to support bidirectional change propagation between multiple CSs and a common single abstract syntax (AS). We further broaden the topic of our talk by presenting benefits for the user of modeling tools introduced by operation-based versioning and the information included in the recorded operations. We especially focus on how we facilitate the comprehension of a model’s evolution over time and the impact of a distinct edit operation on the whole model. This allows modelers to understand how, why, when, and by whom the model or specific elements were modified [PFT22]. © 2024 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Blended Modeling Collaboration Evolution Modeling Understandability Versioning

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Digital Twin for Rescue Missions – a Case Study

Digital Twin for Rescue Missions – a Case Study

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2023 Workshop on Applications of Formal Methods and Digital Twins, FMDT 2023

作者： Leucker, Martin Sachenbacher, Martin Vosteen, Lars B. Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Lübeck Germany

In this paper, we explain through a case study how to develop a digital twin that can be used for safety analysis of missions in physical contexts. More specifically, we consider a scenario where firefighters are operating inside a building under fire, but communicating online with a mission control station. One of the main tasks of the mission control is to ensure that the firefighters always have enough oxygen to exit the building safely. To this end, a Digital Twin can be created that reflects the physical structure of the burning building, the location of the firefighters and the oxygen level in their breathing apparatus. The Digital Twin uses these models and a shortest path algorithm to estimate the oxygen required to exit the building, and alerts mission control and the respective firefighter to exit the building on time. The case study is used to illustrate key concepts for building Digital Twins in safety-critical contexts. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Safety engineering

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Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Vehicles With an Ai-Controlled Surrounding Vehicle in a Practice-Relevant Context 27

Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Veh...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Beringhoff, Felix Greenyer, Joel Roesener, Christian Tichy, Matthias Volkswagen Ag Wolfsburg Germany Fhdw Hannover Hannover30173 Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Scenario-based testing is seen as a key for the verification and validation of automated vehicles (AV). In a test scenario, the AV is tested under pre-defined traffic conditions. However, realizing those traffic conditions is challenging due to the autonomously behaving AV. The AV decides on its own, whether it gets into the test scenario conditions at all, e.g., by deciding on which lane it wants to drive or at which velocity it is driving. In order to influence the AV's decision making in a required way to realize a test scenario condition, we implement a novel AI method for controlling a surrounding vehicle (SV) of the AV. The AI-controlled SV (AISV) consists of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent which is trained to, e.g., nudge the AV into changing lanes. In contrast to current common practice, this approach does not require the manual tailoring of triggers and actions for controlling the SV. In this paper, we report on a working design of the RL framework and experiments regarding three different training scopes for the RL agent. We distinguish specialized agents which are trained to reach a single scenario condition and two sorts of generalized agents which shall be capable of reaching a set of scenario conditions. The results show that specialized agents perform the best with a success rate of up to 100 %. However, the generalized agents perform better in realizing scenario conditions which are not known to the agent from training. We also report on an implementation of the approach in a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HIL) test bench used in industrial practice and discuss a first try-out. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Spam detection with fasttext based features

Spam detection with fasttext based features

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2024 Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference, ASYU 2024

作者： Karadeniz, Talha Tokdemir, Gül Maraş, H. Hakan Department of Software Engineering Çankaya University Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Çankaya University Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Programming Çankaya University Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379433

Fasttext is a powerful word representation method that creates word representations based on vectors of character n-grams. In this work, we propose a method that utilizes fasttext features for a novel feature engineering model for the spam detection problem. In the feature engineering method, the combination of average, mean of second derivative;mean peak and standard deviation of fasttext features are computed. Finally, tf-idf features are also considered for the modeling process. The success of each feature engineering technique is measured and reported. The combination of the five feature extraction methods, tested on two spam detection datasets, yielded promising results with an accuracy of 0.978 on e-mail spam detection and an accuracy of 0.986 on sms spam classification. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Achieving Complete Structural Test Coverage in Embedded Systems Using Trace-Based Monitoring 35

Achieving Complete Structural Test Coverage in Embedded Syst...

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35th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems, DX 2024

作者： Weiss, Alexander Schulz, Albert Heininger, Martin Sachenbacher, Martin Leucker, Martin Accemic Technologies GmbH Kiefersfelden Germany Heicon Global Engineering GmbH Schwendi Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783959773560

This paper presents a systematic approach to achieving, in a well-defined sense, 100% structural test coverage for large embedded software projects. In embedded systems, high code coverage is a critical part of the testing process to ensure that the system works correctly. Measuring code coverage provides insight into the effectiveness of the testing process, the quality of the software, and can help identify untested or partially tested areas of the code. Traditionally, coverage is often measured when unit tests are executed. The proposed approach instead uses integration tests as the starting point for determining test completeness. Measuring code coverage at the integration test level in embedded systems can be challenging due to the limitations of software instrumentation (additional memory requirements and additional CPU load). To overcome these limitations, embedded trace technology is used to measure code coverage continuously and non-intrusively. The use of these techniques will help to increase the reliability of embedded software and reduce the likelihood of missed integration tests, missed high-level requirements, and undetected software defects. © Alexander Weiss, Albert Schulz, Martin Heininger, Martin Sachenbacher, and Martin Leucker.

关键词： Integration testing

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A Digital Twin for Coupling Mobility and Energy Optimization: The ReNuBiL Living Lab

A Digital Twin for Coupling Mobility and Energy Optimization...

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2023 Workshop on Applications of Formal Methods and Digital Twins, FMDT 2023

作者： Thoma, Daniel Sachenbacher, Martin Leucker, Martin Ali, Aliyu Tanko Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Ratzeburger Allee 160 Lübeck23562 Germany

This paper presents a use case in the energy domain showing the benefits of digital twins. More specifically, we study the problem of peak shaving, which aims for managing a micro power grid in such a way that the energy demanded from the surrounding global power grid does not exceed certain limits. We examine a living lab consisting of university buildings as power consumers and power buffers in forms of fixed installed batteries as well as power-to-grid capable electrical vehicles that are booked by users. We provide a formal model of the relevant aspects of the micro grid and show how an artificial intelligence based prediction established from historical data as well as suitable simulation and optimization algorithms help to improve peak shaving. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charging (batteries)

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A Model-Based Approach for Monitoring and Diagnosing Digital Twin Discrepancies 35

A Model-Based Approach for Monitoring and Diagnosing Digital...

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35th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems, DX 2024

作者： Hosseinkhani, Elaheh Leucker, Martin Sachenbacher, Martin Streichhahn, Hendrik Vosteen, Lars B. Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Germany Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA. Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783959773560

Recent decades have seen the increasing use of Digital Twins (DTs) - that is, digital models used over the lifetime of a physical product or system for tasks such as predictive maintenance or optimization - in a number of domains such as buildings, manufacturing, or design. DTs face a challenge known as the DT synchronization problem;a DT, often based on machine-learned, or complex simulation models, needs to adequately mirror the physical product or system at all times, as any deviations might affect the quality of predictions or control actions. In this paper, we present a model-based approach that aims to add a level of awareness to DT models by supervising if they are in sync with the physical counterpart. The approach is agnostic to the type of models used in the DT, as long as they are compositional, and based on monitoring critical properties (behavioral or functional aspects) of the system at run-time. In the case violations are detected, it reasons on the DT's structure to localize and identify parts of the model that cause deviations and need to be adapted. We give a formal description and an implementation of this approach, and illustrate it with an example from building climatisation. © Elaheh Hosseinkhani, Martin Leucker, Martin Sachenbacher, Hendrik Streichhahn, and Lars B. Vosteen.

关键词： Predictive maintenance

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How to Drawjectory? - Trajectory Planning using programming by Demonstration

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Alkewitz, Leonhard Zuccarello, Timo Raschke, Alexander Tichy, Matthias Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm89081 Germany

A flight trajectory defines how exactly a quadrocopter moves in the three-dimensional space from one position to another. Automatic flight trajectory planning faces challenges such as high computational effort and a lack of precision. Hence, when low computational effort or precise control is required, programming the flight route trajectory manually might be preferable. However, this requires in-depth knowledge of how to accurately plan flight trajectories in three-dimensional space. We propose planning quadrocopter flight trajectories manually using the programming by Demonstration (PbD) approach – simply drawing the trajectory in the three-dimensional space by hand. This simplifies the planning process and reduces the level of in-depth knowledge required. We implemented the approach in the context of the Quadcopter Lab at Ulm University. In order to evaluate our approach, we compare the precision and accuracy of the trajectories drawn by a user using our approach as well as the required time with those manually programmed using a domain specific language. The evaluation shows that the Drawjectory workflow is, on average, 78.7 seconds faster without a significant loss of precision, shown by an average deviation 6.67 cm. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Flight paths

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ADVISE: Understanding Reconfigurations in Self-Adaptive Cloud Systems

ADVISE: Understanding Reconfigurations in Self-Adaptive Clou...

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IEEE International Workshop on Visualizing software for Understanding and Analysis (VISSOFT)

作者： Raphael Straub Sarah Stieß Matthias Tichy Steffen Becker Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany Institute of Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331528485

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528492

Self-adaptive cloud systems dynamically adapt their configuration to achieve Service Level Objectives (SLOs), for example, to ensure a response time below a certain threshold, in changing environments. However, understanding these recon-figurations is challenging. To address this issue, we introduce ADVISE, a visualization tool for reconfigurations in self-adaptive systems. Our adaption approach leverages the Palladio ecosystem to predict system performance and plan optimal reconfigurations by exploring the state space. The optimal path in the state space graph, determined by a utility value based on the SLOs, represents the ideal policy. Our tool provides real-time visualizations of performance predictions and reconfiguration plans aiding developers in managing and optimizing system behavior effectively. We enable both the analysis of individual states and the examination of paths within the state space graph, enabling users to analyze not only single adaptation decisions but also the overall reconfiguration behavior. Video URL: [1]

关键词： Visualization System performance Ecosystems Streaming media software Real-time systems Space exploration Time factors

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