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Workshops on Object-Oriented Technology, ECOOP 1997

作者： Mens, Kim Lopes, Cristina Tekinerdogan, Bedir Kiczales, Gregor Department of Computer Science Programming Technology Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 BrusselB-1050 Belgium Systems and Practices Laboratory Xerox PARC 3333 Coyote Hill Rd Palo AltoCA94304 United States Department of Computer Science Software Engineering University of Twente P.O. Box 217 Enschede7500 AE Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)3540640398

Whereas it is generally acknowledged that code tangling reduces the quality of software and that aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a means of addressing this problem, there is — as yet — no clear definition or characterisation of AOP. Therefore, the main goal of the ECOOP’97 AOP workshop was to identify the "good questions" for exploring the idea of AOP. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

关键词： Aspect oriented programming

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Acoustic wave sensor for real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 27-30页

作者： Modell, DJ Donald J. Modell:is a project manager and senior technical consultant with Smith Environmental Technologies Corporation (BCM Engineers Inc.). Mr. Modell has extensive experience in process control systems (PLCs PCs distributed control systems and SCADA systems) and sensors used in the environmental and remedial engineering processes and operations. Mr. Modell has further experience with software and hardware configuration programming implementation and total quality management techniques. He has received master's degrees in environmental engineering and chemical engineering from The Johns Hopkins University and Case Western Reserve University. Mr. Modell also has an M.B.A. in finance from Case Western Reserve University. He is active in The American Industrial Hygiene Association the American Institute of Chemical Engineers the International Society of Measurement and Control the Sociely of American Military Engineers and is an officer in the National and Maryland Society of Professional Engineers. He serves as a director and advisor to the legdative board fm the Maryland Engineering Society Joint Council.

On-line real-time monitoring of marine and operational exhaust stacks and process streams can play a critical role in providing safe, environmentally sound operation of marine and industrial processes using volatile organic species. Monitoring systems are needed that are inexpensive and powerful to be effective. It has been demonstrated that two independent responses, wave velocity and wave attenuation can be obtained from surface acoustic wave devices coated with viscoelastic polymers. This output technique enables identification and concentration determination of isolated species with a single sensor. This paper discusses the development of the sensor devices and the basis of portable acoustic wave sensor systems (which are being used) to monitor volatile organic compounds from marine and industrial chemical processes. Furthermore, on-line monitoring of spray cleaning processes has been effective in quantifying how emissions can be decreased based on substituting solvents, optimizing worker protocols, and utilizing new spray nozzle configurations.

关键词： Sensors

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NP-COMPLETENESS OF INTERVAL GRAPH COMPLETION FROM A PATH GRAPH

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1995年第6期78卷 95-102页

作者： YAMAGUCHI, K ARAKI, T KASHIWABARA, T Faculty of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan 560 Toshim Araki received his B.E. and Dr. of Eng. degrees in 1973 and 1978 respectively from Osaka University. He was a Research Associate in 1976 and at present is an Associate Professor Dept. Inf. Eng. Osaka University. He is engaged mainly in research on theory of automaton and language programming language and theory of graphs. Dr. Araki is a member of IEEE ACM Inf. Proc. Soc. and Jap. Soc. Software. Members

Given a set of paths on a tree, the graph with vertices corresponding to the paths, where the corresponding vertices are connected by an edge when two paths intersect, is called the path graph. Given a set A of finite intervals on a straight line, the graph with vertices corresponding to the intervals belonging to A, where an edge is provided when two intervals intersect, is called the interval graph. In this paper, it is shown that the problem to decide whether or not a given path graph can be converted to an interval graph by adding K or less edges is NP-complete.

关键词： PATH GRAPH INTERVAL GRAPH NP- COMPLETENESS

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Development and application of MCAL tools for marine radar instruction

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Computer Applications in engineering Education 1995年第4期3卷 259-259页

作者： Guirguis, S. Korany, E. Abdel-Bary, A. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Shawkat K. Guirguis:obtained the BSc and M.Sc. degrees in Computer Science and Automatic Control Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University in 1981 and 1984 respectively. In 1988 he obtained a PhD degree in Electronics and Communications Faculty of Engineering Cairo University co-supervised by the Imperial College of Science and Technology University of London where he spent two years as an academic visitor. His current research interests include software quality management multimedia automatic programming and decision support systems. He is currently a lecturer of Computer Science at the Institute of Graduate Studies & Research Alexandria University. Ezzat A. Korany:received the BS degree in Electrical Engineering (Electronics Section) from the University of Alexandria Egypt in 1971 the MS degree in Electrical Engineering (Computer Section) from Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt in 1977 and the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering (Digital Systems) from Florida Institute of Technology U.S.A. in 1982. He is currently an associate professor of Computer Science at the Institute of Graduate Studies & Research University of Alexandria. His research interests are in data communications and multimedia applications computer networks image processing and pattern recognition. Abdel-Latif A. Abdel-Bary:obtained the BEng degree in Electronics Technology from Arab Maritime Transport Academy in 1986. In 1995 he obtained the MSc degree in Information Technology from the Institute of Graduate Studies & Research Alexandria University. His current research interests include ICAL hypermedia and automatic programming.

In this article a multimedia computer-assisted learning (MCAL) system is presented. The major objective of this work was to investigate the potential of using such systems as tools for transferring instructional course information through various types of computer media as opposed to the classic CAL systems. The philosophy and techniques employed to design the system are investigated. Usage of the implemented system and its merits have been illustrated through its application to teach engineering students and technicians the theory and concepts of marine radar. System design, implementation, test, and revision phases are presented and discussed.

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Calculation of the temperature distribution in an asynchronous machine

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1995年第3期5卷 181-186页

作者： Xypteras, J. Maras, K. Spyrelis, D. Associate Professor Dr.-Ing. Jannis Xypteras (1937) Director of the Electrical Machines Laboratory Dept. of Electrical Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT)/Greece graduated from the Fakultatfur Elektrotechnik of the RWTH AachedGermany. During the years 1965 to 1980 he had been employed in German and Greek factories for electrical machines several years as chief of development departments. In 1978 he obtained his Dr. Electr. Eng. degree in the AUT. His subject was in the area of eddy currents. Since 1984 he is Ass. hofessor in the same University. His special interests: Design and development of electrical machines vibration and noise problems electromagnetic fields eddy currents. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering Aristotle University GR-54006 Thessaloniki/Greece T +30 3 1 I99 62 93 Fax +303 11 99 63 02) Kostas Maras (1966) received his degree in Electrical Engineering from the Electrotechnical Faculty of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki/Greece in 1989. In 1990 he graduated as M.Sc. in Digital Electronics in the King's College London at the University of LondordGB with the project “Design of a Transversal Filter on VLSI CMOS”. Since then he has been working at M. Papasavas S.A. at KallithedGreece as an analyst in developing industrial software. Projects: Design and implementation of a dynamic relational model used to tackle production problems in industry. From 1991 to 93 he was responsible for the development of production planning used in industries. (M. Papasavas S.A. Sofocleus 261 GR-17874 KallithedGreece T +30 119423246 Fax +30 1/9429561) Dimitrios S. Spyrelis (1965) received his Diploma in Electrical Engineering from the University of Thessalonikil Greece in 1989. In 1990 he joined the Coding Center of Greek Army as research Assistant. He is currently working as technical director in a pigpoultry breeding company which includes feed processing industry slaughter houses by product process industry wastes treatment systems from farm livestock. His last fields of interest

In this paper the temperature distribution on the section vertical to the axis of an asynchronous machine is calculated. For the calculation the numerical method of “Control Volumes” has been used. The technique used can be easily modified to fit any kind of machine. It can also analyse transients. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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THE FORWARD-DEPLOYED SONAR (FDS) AND THE MINE COUNTERMEASURE VESSEL (MCMV)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 246-255页

作者： LETOT, L VIGNAND, B Laurent Letot:is responsible for the long term studies for surface ships at DCN. He has been working at DCN for ten years. Since joining DCN in 1984 he served as software engineer for the French Navy Programming Center (CPM) and has spent many years involved in combat systems design and specification of surface ships including minehunters aircraft carriers and ASW frigates. Mr. Letot graduated from University of Paris with a degree in engineering and a Ph.D in physical science. He is a lieutenant commander in the French naval reserve. Bernard Vignand:is a naval architect for surface ships at DCN. He is in charge of MCMV design for the French navy and export. A lieutenant of armament corps he graduated from Ecole Poly-technique and Superior School of Maritime Engineering (Paris).

It is recognized today that the best way to improve the detection capability of minehunters is linked to the operational concept of minehunting sonars rather than the performance increase of sonar transducers. The Variable Depth Sonar was a first step in this direction, permitting search and detection at greater depths. But this solution does not improve the ship survivability and generates complicated handling operations due to the static attitude of the towed body. The only way to have substantial improvements while increasing ship safety is to operate a Forward-Deployed Sonar (FDS), that will operate at greater depths and ranges than current VDS with fewer disadvantages. Feasibility studies have been conducted in order to define an FDS prototype and the associated operational concept. These studies concerned the vehicle (equipment, hydrodynamic, command and control, power generation, cable), the associated platform and the associated mine warfare concept. We concluded that such a sonar subsystem could change today's concept of minehunting and will probably lead to new standards of definition for minehunters.

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COMBAT SYSTEM engineering - A RETURN TO FUNDAMENTALS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 61-69页

作者： MITTURA, A KARP, MS PE Andrew Mittura:is currently a senior program engineer with SYSCON Corp. He began his career in the Combat System Installation and Integration Office of NavSea in 1978. He has worked as a system engineer on the Seafire program at NSWCDD on the NATO Anti-air Warfare Program while at FMC Corporation and for the past four years on the Aegis Combat System with SYSCON. Current efforts include performance assessment studies of the Aegis combat system and combat system architecture and connectivity analysis. Mr. Mittura received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Penn State University in 1978 and an M.S. in engineering management from Catholic University of America in 1982. He is a licensed professional engineer with the State of Virginia. Mitchel S. Karp:cofounded K&K Software Engineering Inc. in February 1970. He is currently secretary/treasurer and senior system engineer. His involvement in combat systems began with NTDS in 1963. He has been involved in the Aegis Program since 1968 and has worked in all aspects of combat system development including computer programming tactical analysis software development and management. He has given several seminars on real-time software development and documentation. He currently is working under contracts to NSWCDD in the areas of combat system architecture and connectivity configuration management and documentation. Mr. Karp received a B.S. in engineering physics from Lehigh University in 1958.

The Navy's focus has shifted from global war scenarios to preparedness for the prospect of involvement in regional, littoral contingencies and conflicts. Operationally, shipboard personnel will need the ability to shift focus from the combat system multimission roles to that of only a single mission. From a development perspective, combat systems must accommodate a continual infusion of technology in a budget constrained environment. Combat system architecture is the single most important feature affecting combat system flexibility, from both an operational and developmental aspect. There is a fundamental partitioning of combat svstem functions into detect, command, and engage in a horizontal integration approach that enhances this needed flexibilitv. This fundamental partitioning is currently applied to individual weapon systems, but not to combat svstems as a whole. Instead, self-contained weapon systems are often developed and then vertically integrated to form a combat svstem, causing reduced flexibility. The battle organization is the principal driving requirement for combat system architecture. This paper shows that that the battle organization is best supported by a horizontally integrated combat system of detect, command, and engage. It concludes that a horizontally integrated combat svstem architecture of detect, command, and engage should be a candidate for future combat systems.

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military engineering

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CLEER - AN AI-SYSTEM DEVELOPED TO ASSIST EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 127-137页

作者： ZHOU, HH SILVERMAN, BG SIMKOL, J Dr. H. Harry Zhou:is a research professor at the Institute for Artificial Intelligence of The George Washington University. Dr. Zhou received his master's degree and Ph.D. in computer science from Vanderbilt University in 1984 and 1987 respectively. He did his dissertation in the fields of artificial intelligence analogical reasoning and machine learning. His research interests include: classifier systems genetic algorithms learning by analogy inductive learning adaptive expert systems automated knowledge acquisition and adaption. He is also interested in data base design programming languages mental modeling and software engineering. Dr. Barry G. Silverman:is director of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence and a professor at the Engineering Administration Department of The George Washington University. He is also president of IntelliTek Inc. an AI consulting firm. Dr. Silverman received the B.S.E. M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a principal developer of four generic AI products as well as eight AI applications. Since 1979 he has written over 100 papers and reports on these AI efforts. Joel Simkol:is a research scientist currently engaged in designing expert system architectures to support electronic warfare vulnerability analyses threat assessments shipboard topside antenna arrangements and C3countermeasures employment. Mr. Simkol's work in applying expert systems technology to electromagnetic interference and to spectrum management has generated increased interest and participation from all branches of government agencies.

This paper describes a modularized AI system being built to help improve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among shipboard topside equipment and their associated systems. CLEER is intended to act as an easy to use integrator of existing expert knowledge and pre-existing data bases and large scale analytical models. Due to these interfaces; to the need for portability of the software; and to artificial intelligence related design requirements (such as the need for spatial reasoning, expert data base management, model base management, track-based reasoning, and analogical (similar ship) reasoning) it was realized that traditional expert system shells would be inappropriate, although relatively off-the-shelf AI technology could be incorporated. In the same vein, the rapid prototyping approach to expert system design and knowledge engineering was not pursued in favor of a rigorous systems engineering methodology. The critical design decisions affecting CLEER's development are summarized in this paper along with lessons learned to date all in terms of “how,” “why,” and “when” specific features are being developed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence

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RATIONALE FOR AN ADA software engineering ENVIRONMENT FOR NAVY MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 133-145页

作者： PAIGE, KK CONVERSE, RA USN LCdr. Kathleen K. Paige USN:graduated with a BA from the University of New Hampshire in 1970. She received her commission from Officer Candidate School in April 1971 and performed her first tour of duty with VFP-63 NAS Miramar. LCdr. Paige then received her MS from the Naval Post Graduate School in June 1976 and returned to San Diego to serve as Head Support Software Division at the Fleet Combat Direction System Support Activity. In May 1981 she reported to NA VSEA (PMS-408) where she served initially as Chairman of the NAVMAT Software Engineering Environment Working Group. She has been assigned as Deputy AN/UYK-43 Acquisition Manager since October 1981. LCdr. Paige was designated a fully qualified Engineering Duty Officer in December 1983. Robert A. Converse:is presently the Acquisition Manager for the Ada Language System/Navy (ALS/N) for the Naval Sea Systems Command Tactical Embedded Computer Resources Project. As such he is responsible for the definition and development of the ALS/N to be provided as a Navy standard computer programming system for Navy mission critical applications. Mr. Converse received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Wheaton College Wheaton II. He spent fourteen years with the Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Rhode Island during which time he designed and developed the Fortran compiler for the Navy Standard AN/UYK-7 computer. Also during that period he received a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from the University of Rhode Island. His thesis for that degree was entitled “Optimization Techniques for the NUSC Fortran Cross-Compiler”. Mr. Converse started his involvement with the Ada program in 1975 with the initial “Strawman” requirements review. Subsequently he was named as the Navy Ada Distinguished Reviewer and was intimately involved in the selection and refinement of the Ada language as it evolved to become ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A.

The U.S. Navy introduced the use of digital computers in mission critical applications over a quarter of a century ago. Today, virtually every system in the current and planned Navy inventory makes extensive use of computer technology. Computers embedded in mission critical Navy systems are integral to our strategic and tactical defense capabilities. Thus, the military power of the U.S. Navy is inextricably tied to the use of programmable digital computers. The computer program is the essential element that embodies the system “intelligence”. In addition, it provides the flexibility to respond to changing threats and requirements. However, this very flexibility and capability poses a host of difficulties hindering full realization of the advantages. This paper describes the lessons learned about computer program development over the past twenty five years and discusses a software engineering process that addresses these lessons. It then describes how Ada and its related Ada programming Support and Run-Time Environments foster this software engineering process to improve computer program productivity and achieve greater system reliability and adaptibility. Finally, the paper discusses how the use of Ada and its environments can enhance the interoperability and transferability of computer programs among Navy projects and significantly reduce overall life cycle costs for Navy mission critical computer programs.

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