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arXiv 2021年

作者： Besker, Terese Martini, Antonio Bosch, Jan Computer Science and Engineering Software Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg Sweden University of Oslo Programming and Software Engineering Oslo Norway

Context: When developing software, it is vitally important to keep the level of technical debt down since it is well established from several studies that technical debt can, e.g., lower the development productivity, decrease the developers' morale, and compromise the overall quality of the software. However, even if researchers and practitioners working in today's software development industry are quite familiar with the concept of technical debt and its related negative consequences, there has been no empirical research focusing specifically on how software managers actively communicate and manage the need to keep the level of technical debt as low as possible. Objective: This study aims to understand how software companies give incentives to manage Technical Debt. This is done by exploring how companies encourage and reward practitioners for actively keeping the level of technical debt down and whether the companies use any forcing or penalizing initiatives when managing technical debt. Method: In a first step, this paper reports the results of both an online survey provided quantitative data from 258 participants and interviews with 32 software practitioners. In a second step, this study set out to specifically provide a detailed assessment of additional and in-depth analysis of Technical Debt management strategies based on an encouraging mindset and attitude from both managers and technical roles to understand how, when and by whom such strategy is adopted in practice. Results: Our findings show that having a Technical Debt management strategy (specially based on encouragement) can significantly impact the amount of Technical Debt in the software. Conclusion: The result indicates that there is considerable unfulfilled potential to influence how software practitioners can further limit and reduce Technical Debt by adopting a strategy based explicitly on an encouraging mindset from managers where they also specifically dedicate time and resources for Technical De

关键词： software design

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Experiences with an internal dsl in the iot domain 4

Experiences with an internal dsl in the iot domain

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4th Workshop on Model-Driven engineering for the Internet-of-Things, 1st International Workshop on Modeling Smart Cities, and 5th International Workshop on Open and Original Problems in software Language engineering, STAF-WS 2020

作者： Tichy, Matthias Pietron, Jakob Mdinger, David Juhnke, Katharina Hauck, Franz J. Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Institute of Distributed Systems Ulm University Germany

Modeling the architecture and behavior of embedded systems has long been a success story in the engineering of embedded systems due to the positive effects on quality and productivity, e.g., by declarative specifications, by enabling formal analyses, and by the generation of optimized code. These benefits, however, can only be reaped with extensive investments in specialized languages and tools which typically come with a closed and highly restrictive ecosystem. In this paper, we report our experiences while building an internal domain-specific language for IoT systems. We present our modeling language realized in Type-Script and integrated into the TypeScript/JavaScript ecosystem. The modeling language supports the declarative specification and execution of components, connectors, and state machines. We also provide a simple state space exploration to enable quality assurance techniques like test case generation and model checking. The language is illustrated by a running example with IoT devices. We believe that our solution lies at a sweet spot of providing a declarative modeling experience while reaping benefits from modern programming languages and their ecosystem to boost productivity. © 2020 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Productivity

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Model-based Generation of Attack-Fault Trees

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Groner, Raffaela Witte, Thomas Raschke, Alexander Hirn, Sophie Pekaric, Irdin Frick, Markus Tichy, Matthias Felderer, Michael Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Department of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Austria Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cologne Germany

Joint safety and security analysis of cyber-physical systems is a necessary step to correctly capture inter-dependencies between these properties. Attack-Fault Trees represent a combination of dynamic Fault Trees and Attack Trees and can be used to model and model-check a holistic view on both safety and security. Manually creating a complete AFT for the whole system is, however, a daunting task. It needs to span multiple abstraction layers, e.g., abstract application architecture and data flow as well as system and library dependencies that are affected by various vulnerabilities. We present an AFT generation tool-chain that facilitates this task using partial Fault and Attack Trees that are either manually created or mined from vulnerability databases. We semi-automatically create two system models that provide the necessary information to automatically combine these partial Fault and Attack Trees into complete AFTs using graph transformation rules. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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FLEXIBLE CORRECT-BY-CONSTRUCTION programming

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Runge, Tobias Bordis, Tabea Potanin, Alex Thüm, Thomas Schaefer, Ina Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics TU Braunschweig Germany School for Data-Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University South Africa School of Computing Australian National University Australia Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Ulm Germany

Correctness-by-Construction (CbC) is an incremental program construction process to construct functionally correct programs. The programs are constructed stepwise along with a specification that is inherently guaranteed to be satisfied. CbC is complex to use without specialized tool support, since it needs a set of predefined refinement rules of fixed granularity which are additional rules on top of the programming language. Each refinement rule introduces a specific programming statement and developers cannot depart from these rules to construct programs. CbC allows to develop software in a structured and incremental way to ensure correctness, but the limited flexibility is a disadvantage of CbC. In this work, we compare classic CbC with CbC-Block and TraitCbC. Both approaches CbC-Block and TraitCbC, are related to CbC, but they have new language constructs that enable a more flexible software construction approach. We provide for both approaches a programming guideline, which similar to CbC, leads to well-structured programs. CbC-Block extends CbC by adding a refinement rule to insert any block of statements. Therefore, we introduce CbC-Block as an extension of CbC. TraitCbC implements correctness-by-construction on the basis of traits with specified methods. We formally introduce TraitCbC and prove soundness of the construction strategy. All three development approaches are qualitatively compared regarding their programming constructs, tool support, and usability to assess which is best suited for certain tasks and developers. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Formal verification

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An Exploratory Study on Performance engineering in Model Transformations

An Exploratory Study on Performance Engineering in Model Tra...

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Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2021 - Conference of the GI software engineering Section, SE 2021

作者： Groner, Raffaela Beaucamp, Luis Tichy, Matthias Becker, Steffen Ulm University Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Software Engineering Universitätsstraße StuttgartD-70569 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797043

Model-Driven software engineering is used to deal with the increasing complexity of software, but this trend also leads to larger and more complex models and model transformations. While improving the performance of transformation engines has been a focus, there does not exist any empirical study on how transformation developers deal with performance issues. We used a quantitative questionnaire to investigate whether the performance of transformations is actually important for transformation developers. Based on the answers to the questionnaire, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews. The results of the online survey show that 43 of 81 participants have already tried to improve the performance of a transformation and 34 participants are sometimes or only rarely satisfied with the execution performance. Based on the answers from our 13 interviews, we identified different strategies to prevent or find performance issues in model transformations as well as different types of causes of performance issues and solutions to resolve them. We compiled a collection of tool features perceived helpful by the interviewees for finding causes. Overall, our results show that performance of transformations is relevant and that there is a lack of support for transformation developers without detailed knowledge of the engine to solve performance issues. This summary refers to our work, which was accepted for the Foundation Track of the ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS) in 2020 [Gr20]. © 2020 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Engines

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A Systematic Review on Security and Safety of Self-Adaptive Systems

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Pekaric, Irdin Groner, Raffaela Witte, Thomas Adigun, Jubril Gbolahan Raschke, Alexander Felderer, Michael Tichy, Matthias University of Innsbruck Department of Computer Science Technikerstraße 21a InnsbruckA-6020 Austria Ulm University Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring 9 Ulm89081 Germany

Context: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are increasingly self-adaptive, i.e. they have the ability to introspect and change their behavior. This self-adaptation process must be considered when modeling the safety and security aspects of the ***: This study collects and compares security attacks and safety hazards on self-adaptive systems (SAS) described in the literature. In addition, mitigation and treatment strategies as well as the modeling and analysis approaches are ***: We conducted a systematic literature review on 21 selected papers. The selection process involved a database search and snowballing methodologies. The coding scheme to analyze the content of the papers was obtained through our research questions, existing domain-specific taxonomies, and open ***: Safety and Security are not jointly modeled in the context of self-adaptive systems. The adaptation process is often not considered in the attack and hazard analysis due to naïve assumptions and modeling. The proposed approaches are mostly verified and validated through ***: A thorough and joint modeling approach for safety and security in self-adaptive systems is still an open challenge that needs to be addressed. Further work is needed to address the gap between safety and security modeling in self-adaptive systems. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive systems

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Evaluating Length of a Shortest Adaptive Homing Sequence for Weakly Initialized FSMs

Evaluating Length of a Shortest Adaptive Homing Sequence for...

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2020 IEEE East-West Design and Test Symposium, EWDTS 2020

作者： Vinarskii, Evgenii Yevtushenko, Nina Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Computer Science Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of Ras Software Engineering Deparment Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781728198996

ISBN: (纸本)9781728198996

There are many research papers devoted to the state identification problem of finite state machines (FSMs) which are widely used for analysis of discrete event systems. A deterministic complete reduced FSM always has a homing sequence (HS) but a number of non-deterministic FSMs not necessarily have a preset HS;nevertheless, those FSMs can still have an adaptive HS. Moreover, adaptive HS can be shorter than the preset. If each state can be an initial state of a complete FSM, i.e., an FSM is non-initialized, then a shortest adaptive HS (if it exists) has polynomial length in the number of FSM states. We show that it is not the case for weakly-initialized FSMs: such FSMs can have a shortest adaptive HS of exponential length in the number of FSM states/transitions. However, the experimental evaluation shows that the non-polynomial upper bound for a shortest adaptive HS was never reached for randomly generated weakly-initialized two-input FSMs. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive homing sequence Non-deterministic FSM weakly initialized FSM

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Methodology of Teaching programming Science Through Online Platforms 3

Methodology of Teaching Programming Science Through Online P...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Problems of Informatics, Electronics and Radio engineering, PIERE 2024

作者： Nishanov, Akram Allamov, Oybek Yusupova, Janar Matyakubov, Marks Qalandarov, Baxtiyor Bahrom, Reyimberganov Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi Department of Systematic and Practical Programming Tashkent Uzbekistan Urgench Branch of Tashkent University of Information Technology named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi Department of Software Engineering Urgench Uzbekistan Urgench Branch of Tashkent University of Information Technology named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi Urgench branch of Tatu named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi Urgench Uzbekistan Urgench Branch of Tashkent University of Information Technology named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi Urgench branch of Tatu named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi Urgench Uzbekistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516321

This article presents an experiment conducted among students of the Faculty of 'software engineering' of the Urgench branch of TATU named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi. Teaching programming using online platforms in education has shown promising results in improving student outcomes. This article discusses the methodology used, the comparative results, and the impact of the platform on software education. The rapid adoption of online platforms in education has changed the way programming is taught, providing students with an interactive, hands-on learning environment. This shift is especially relevant in teaching programming, where real-time feedback and practice are essential to mastering algorithms and coding concepts. The study compared two groups: one was trained using the https://***/platform and the assignments were checked using this system, and the second group was trained using traditional methods. The results showed that students who used the online platform had a high level of mastery, which highlighted the effectiveness of integrating https://***/into programming education. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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Speaker's Emotions Recognition Module Based on the GoogleLeNet Neural Network

Speaker's Emotions Recognition Module Based on the GoogleLeN...

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2022 International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies, SIST 2022

作者： Tereikovskyi, Ihor Tereikovska, Liudmyla Kryvoruchko, Olena Tereikovskyi, Oleh Tyshchenko, Dmytro Franchuk, Tamara National Technical University Of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Dept. Of System Programming And Specialized Computer Systems Kyiv Ukraine Kyiv National University Of Construction And Architecture Dept. Of Information Technology For Design And Applied Mathematics Kyiv Ukraine Kyiv National University Of Trade And Economics Dept. Of Software Engineering And Cyber Security Kyiv Ukraine National Technical University Of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Dept. Of Department Of Computer Engineering Kyiv Ukraine

ISBN: (数字)9781665467902

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467902

The article is devoted to the development of means for recognition of the emotions of the speaker, based on the neural network analysis of fixed fragments of the voice signal. The possibility of improving recognition tools through the use of a convolutional neural network of the GoogLeNet type is shown. The expediency of training the network on the examples of the TESS database is determined. A procedure for representing a voice signal in the form of a square grayscale image has been developed. Based on the use of the specified database, the modification of the GoogLeNet network was carried out. The architecture and software implementation of the recognition module have been developed. With the help of computer experiments, it has been established that after 150 epochs of training on a fairly limited training sample, the modified GoogLeNet makes it possible to achieve an accuracy of recognition of the speaker's emotions of approximately 0.97 on test examples. The obtained accuracy is comparable to the accuracy of the best modern systems of this purpose and confirms the promise of using neural network models like GoogLeNet for emotion recognition based on voice signal analysis. The need for further research aimed at reducing the resource intensity of the neural network model is shown. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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Deriving Distinguishing Sequences for Input/Output Automata

Deriving Distinguishing Sequences for Input/Output Automata

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East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS)

作者： Nina Yevtushenko Igor Burdonov Alexandr Kossachev Software Engineering department Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of RAS Moscow Russia Software engineering deparment Ivannikov Institute for System Programming Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781728198996

ISBN: (纸本)9781728199009

Input/Output (I/O) automata are widely used when deriving high quality tests for (components of) complex discrete systems based on so called distinguishing sequences. For I/O automata, the number of distinguishability relations is much bigger than for classical deterministic Finite State Machines (FSM). In order to avoid submitting the same test sequence several number of times, i.e., avoid the "all weather conditions" assumption, the separability relation can be considered. If two Input/Output automata are separable then there exists an input sequence such that after submitting this sequence and observing produced outputs it can be uniquely concluded which automaton is under testing. In this paper, we modify the discipline of applying input sequences and discuss the derivation of separating sequences for automata with mixed states, i.e., states where transitions both under inputs and under outputs are defined, as well as with cycles labeled by outputs. We also illustrate how an adaptive separating sequence can be derived when both automata are input-enabled.

关键词： Automata Testing software engineering programming Transforms Meteorology Adaptive systems

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