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Limit depth of rock mine shafts for underground shelters

Key engineering Materials 2017年 755卷 198-201页

作者： Kravcov, Alexander N. Svoboda, Pavel Pospichal, Vaclav Morozov, Dmitry V. Ivanov, Pavel N. Department of Construction Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering in Prague Thákurova 7/2077 Prague 6 - Dejvice166 29 Czech Republic National University of Science and Technology MISiS Leninsky prospect 4 Moscow119049 Russia

Today, especially after the several technical accidents, the last one in France Flamanville power station near Cherbour in January 2017 risks of the nuclear hazards due to technical, terrorist or military accidents continually rising. In this situation is of a great importance to start with a retrofit those of underground spaces that was decommissioned in last years and to start thinking about reuse of mining shafts as a fallout shelters for protection of civil population. And the first step is to start with selection of the identify spaces with a mathematical models for selection of the rocks massifs that can be useful for porpoise of the underground shelters. The need to utilise specific geological data, which project organisations usually do not have available. The physical-mathematical properties of rocks are not sufficiently portrayed in these methodologies, which complicates execution of calculations and reduces the credibility of these calculations. The methodology for calculating the stability of rocks around a mine works proposed in the article enables resolution of the task complexly for the conditions of individual deposits, utilising the generalised values of rock property indicators. © 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Rocks

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Preventing liquefaction by using grid-form deep mixing walls on a liquefiable soil layer below a non-liquefiable layer 19

Preventing liquefaction by using grid-form deep mixing walls...

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19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering, ICSMGE 2017

作者： Kaneda, Kazuhiro Imai, Masayuki Numerical Analysis Group Structural Engineering Department Takenaka Research and Development Institute Japan Technology and Production Development Division Takenaka Civil Engineering and Construction Co.Ltd Japan

In recent years, demand has increased for measures to control the liquefaction of existing airport runways and harbor structures. In terms of constructability and cost, applying grid-form deep mixing walls to such structures requires a wide grid spacing compared with conventional designs. When a non-liquefaction layer exists above the liquefaction layer, it tends to prevent liquefaction. We focused on the extent of liquefaction and ground surface settling with a wide grid spacing than conventional designs while considering a non-liquefaction layer. We conducted both centrifuge model tests and numerical simulations and confirmed that liquefaction is suppressed when the grid form is modified for a wide grid spacing under asphalt pavement. The centrifuge model tests were conducted for different grid spacing and groundwater levels. At a high groundwater level, the pore water pressure increased even within the grid. However, when the groundwater level was low, the increased pore water pressure inside the grid was suppressed. An elastoplastic constitutive model was used for numerical simulations, and the results reproduced the experimental results. We found that suppressing generation of pore water pressure can help with controlling amount of settling due to liquefaction. © 2017 19th ICSMGE Secretariat. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mixing

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Application of entrapped nano zero valent iron into cellulose acetate membranes for domestic wastewater treatment

Application of entrapped nano zero valent iron into cellulos...

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Environmental Aspects, Applications and Implications of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 2017 - Topical Conference at the 2017 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Mostafa, Mohamed K. Mahmoud, Ahmed S. SaryEl-Deen, Rasha A. Peters, Robert W. Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Giza Egypt Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham BirminghamAL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510857803

Nowadays, nanotechnology and filtration using membranes have proven to be effective in wastewater treatment. Nanoparticles are highly reactive and effective redox and anti-microbial materials, while membrane filtration techniques reduce wastewater contaminants throughout the filtration process in an economical and fast manner. This study merges membrane technology and nanotechnology together through preparation of entrapped nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) into cellulose acetate (CA) membranes. The prepared nZVI was characterized by XRD and UV spectrophotometer, while the prepared membrane was characterized by measuring the water content, chemical compatibility, oil resistance, and membrane strength. The prepared membrane was tested for domestic wastewater treatment at different operating parameters pH, entrapped nZVI dose, and different flow rates. The efficiency of treatment was evaluated according to the reduction in turbidity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, nitrate, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and iron concentrations. The associated reductions were recorded as 92, 70, 69, 80, 73, 37, 33, 36, 28, 77 and 64%, respectively for pH between 7 and 8 using nZVI dosage of 0.2 g/100 mL CA and a flow rate of 100 mL/min. This technique is more economical and efficient than the conventional technique. © 2017 AIChE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Mechanical properties and crack resistance of sustainable high strength engineered cementitious composites

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期587卷

作者： Y D Han Q Wang Z B Wang B Y Yao Central Research Institute of Building and Construction MCC Group Cooperation Limited Beijing 100088 China Department of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a class of high performance fiber reinforced material designed to overcome the brittleness of concrete. The high content of cementitious material restricts the common application of ECC. To develop a new series of sustainable and durable composite, industrial wastes such as fly ash, silica fume and furnace slag were brought in as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in present study. High strength cement matrixes with three types of SCMs were obtained. Tensile performance of PVA-steel fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite based on above matrixes were evaluated via uniaxial tensile test. Crack resistance of high strength engineered cementitious composite (HSECC) with industrial wastes were experimentally estimated through steel ring test. Results show that suitable addition of industrial wastes somehow improved the mechanical performance and crack resistance of HSECC and further enhanced the durability and sustainability.

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Eye Adaptation Effect Based Study on Configuration of Tunnel Entrance Structure

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期741卷

作者： Guogang Gao Yangyuyu Xia Zihao Wang Yangcheng-Manghe Expressway Co. Ltd. of Shanxi Road & Bridge Construction Group Yangcheng Shanxi 030006 China China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute CO. Ltd Chongqing 400067 China College of Civil Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074 China

Due to the unique nature of the tunnel as a tubular structure, an approaching motorist experiences an abrupt change in brightness under the black-hole effect. This sharp change in brightness makes the threshold zone prone to traffic accidents. It is therefore necessary to provide a dimming structure in the threshold zone to support the eye adaptation of the motorist to lower lighting levels in the interior of the tunnel. There is currently a lack of research worldwide on specific configuration parameters and types of dimming structure. This paper covers analysis of the entrance structure of a tunnel and comparison of different alternatives in non-sun-tight louver, its height and transmittance, and proposes an optimal scheme to increase traffic safety and comfort.

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Predicting Spring Phenology in Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: Neon Phenology Forecasting Community Challenge

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wheeler, Kathryn I. Dietze, Michael C. LeBauer, David Peters, Jody Richardson, Andrew D. Ross, Arun A. Thomas, R. Quinn Zhu, Kai Bhat, Uttam Munch, Stephan Buzbee, Raphaela Floreani Chen, Min Goldstein, Benjamin Guo, Jessica Hao, Dalei Jones, Chris Kelly-Fair, Mira Liu, Haoran Malmborg, Charlotte Neupane, Naresh Pal, Debasmita Shirey, Vaughn Song, Yiluan Steen, McKalee Vance, Eric A. Woelmer, Whitney M. Wynne, Jacob Zachmann, Luke Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15 Vassar St CambridgeMA02142 United States Arizona Experiment Station University of Arizona 1230 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame 100 Galvin Notre DameIN46556 United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University 1295 Knoles Dr. FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University PO Box 5620 FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University 428 South Shaw Lane East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Instit 310 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 926 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Institute for Global Change Biology University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley 4004 Valley Life Sciences Building Universi

Accurate models are important to predict how global climate change will continue to alter plant phenology and near-term ecological forecasts can be used to iteratively improve models and evaluate predictions that are made a priori. The Ecological Forecasting Initiative’s National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Forecasting Challenge, is an open challenge to the community to forecast daily greenness values, measured through digital images collected by the PhenoCam Network at NEON sites before the data are collected. For the first round of the challenge, which is presented here, we forecasted canopy greenness throughout the spring at eight deciduous broadleaf sites to investigate what factors impact current predictive skill of phenology forecasts. A total of 192,536 predictions were submitted, representing eighteen models, including a persistence and a day of year mean null models. We found that overall forecast skill was highest when forecasting earlier in the greenup curve compared to the end, for shorter lead times, for sites that greened up earlier, and when submitting forecasts during times other than near budburst. The models based on day of year historical mean had the highest predictive skill across the challenge period. In this first round of the challenge, by synthesizing across forecasts, we started to elucidate what factors affect the predictive skill of near-term phenology forecasts. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Risk analysis for building materials supply and storage strategy

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2116卷

作者： Joanna Goszczyńska Michał Krzemiński Tomasz Wojtkiewicz 1Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering Institute of Building Engineering Division of Production Engineering and Construction Management ul. Lecha Kaczyńskiego 16 00-637 Warsaw Poland 2Military University of Technology in Warsaw Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy The Department of Military and Transport Engineering ul. gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2 00-908 Warsaw Poland

This article presents the results of the authors’ studies whose purpose was to determine the risk factors having impact on the strategy of deliveries and storage of building materials for constructing a large residential object. The paper also describes a process of managing risk for construction projects. A set of risk factors was obtained as a result of the study. Also described were possible preventive actions that may potentially minimize the impact of risk factors detrimental to the schedule.

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Effect of high-volume coal waste on strength properties of concrete

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期849卷

作者： Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim Tan Shea Qin Nur Farhayu Ariffin Hamidun Mohd Noh Mohd Warid Hussin Department of Structure and Materials School of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru Malaysia Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya 8 Tun Razak 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia Department of Construction Management Faculty of Technology Management and Business Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 86400 Parit Raja Batu Pahat Johor Perunding Teknik Padu Sdn Bhd Lot 192-B Tingkat Satu Wisma Qistina Pusat Perniagaan Bandar Baru Beris Kubur Besar 16050 Bachok Kelantan Malaysia

The rapid growth in the construction industry has increase in the consumption of raw materials whereby it depletes the natural resources. Therefore, the need of abundant and cheap materials is increased. Also, coal waste is abundantly available from coal generating power plan. The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of concrete incorporating high volume coal waste as cement and aggregates replacement. The specimens are prepared by using 30% coal fly ash as cement replacement and fully replacement of aggregates with coal bottom ash. The specimens are cast using 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cubes. There are several test conducted in this study for example, the test for characteristic of the materials, fresh and hardened properties of concrete. It was found that the workability of concrete decreases with the inclusion of coal waste. Overall, it is found out that the coal waste can be used as aggregates replacement in concrete since it has a comparable strength with a conventional concrete.

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An introduction of tools for evaluating the influence of building codes on the level of earthquake fatalities globally 24th

An introduction of tools for evaluating the influence of bui...

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24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2016

作者： Daniell, J.E. Wenzel, F. Werner, A. Schaefer, A.M. Tsang, H.H. Geophysical Institute and Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781138029934

This paper introduces a view of the tools to build fatality-return period curves from a global perspective for earthquakes, attempting to gain insights by using the level of code quality, historic fatality information, and the state-of-the-art associated with fatality estimation. Global estimates of fatalities are presented and F-N curves are built for various countries both historically and stochastically to give a view of the potential use of these in future building codes or decision support systems for governments in order to reduce their risk and potentially understand their residual risk. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Earthquakes

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Predicting Spring Phenology in Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: An Open Community Forecast Challenge

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wheeler, Kathryn I. Dietze, Michael C. LeBauer, David Peters, Jody Richardson, Andrew D. Thomas, R. Quinn Zhu, Kai Bhat, Uttam Munch, Stephan Buzbee, Raphaela Floreani Chenp, Min Goldstein, Benjamin Guo, Jessica S. Haoq, Dalei Jones, Chris Kelly-Fair, Mira Liup, Haoran Malmborg, Charlotte Neupane, Naresh Pal, Debasmita Ross, Arun A. Shirey, Vaughn Song, Yiluan Steen, McKalee Vance, Eric A. Woelmer, Whitney M. Wynne, Jacob Zachmann, Luke Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15 Vassar St CambridgeMA02142 United States Arizona Experiment Station University of Arizona 1230 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame 100 Galvin Notre DameIN46556 United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University 1295 Knoles Dr. FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University PO Box 5620 FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University 310 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University 926 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Institute for Global Change Biology University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley 4004 Valley Life Sciences Building University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of For

Accurate phenology models are important to predict how global climate change will continue to alter the timing of plant phenological events, such as spring greenup in deciduous broadleaf forests. While there is merit in long-term predictions, investigating how models can predict near-term (1– 35 days) canopy greenness throughout the spring allows us to validate performance and understanding now. The Ecological Forecasting Initiative’s NEON Forecasting Challenge, is an open challenge to the community to predict daily greenness values, measured through digital images collected by the PhenoCam Network at National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites. For the first round of the challenge, which is presented here, teams were tasked to forecast phenology at eight deciduous broadleaf sites. A total of 192,536 predictions were submitted, representing eighteen models, including a persistence and a day of year mean null models. We found that forecast skill was highest when forecasting earlier in the greenup curve compared to the end, for shorter lead times, for sites that greened up earlier, and when submitting forecasts during times other than near budburst. The models based on day of year historical mean had the highest predictive skill across the challenge period. In this first round of the challenge, by synthesizing across forecasts, we started to elucidate what factors affect the predictive skill of near-term phenology forecasts, which future rounds will continue to investigate. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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