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Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Frontiers of engineering Management 2017年第1期4卷 92-103页

作者： Patrick X.W.ZOU Morshed ALAM Van Manh PHUNG Dipika WAGLE Rodney STEWART Edoardo BERTONE Oz SAHIN Chris BUNTINE Department of Civil and Construction Engineering & Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure Swinburne University of Technology Griffith School of Engineering Griffith University Built Environment Aurecon

Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide,for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient,the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments' strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors(e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits,several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government buildingenergy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

关键词： building energy retrofit policy energy efficiency energy performance contract energy auditing

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Determination of The Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Materials Used in The Northern City Walls of Historical Sinop Castle

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第8期471卷

作者： Ruya Kilic Demircan Gokhan Kaplan Ali Ihsan Unay Gazi University Technology Faculty Civil Engineering Department Ankara-Turkey Kastamonu University Kastamonu Vocational School Construction Depart. Turkey Gazi University Faculty of Architect Department of Architect Ankara-Turkey

Turkey is a country that has hosted many civilizations due to its geographical location. The artefacts of these civilizations constitute important historical heritages of the country. The preservation, restoration and strengthening of historical artefacts and their transfer to future generations are the responsibilities of every country. Historical Sinop Castle that investigated in this study locates in the Sinop city where takes place northernmost of Turkey. Sinop province is a half island due to its geographical position and it is known that the castle walls were built due to the protection of this city. It is not known exactly when the historic Sinop Castle was built. It is estimated the time period of built could be 8th century B.C based on excavations. It is known that to hosted the Milets, the Cimmerians, the Persians, the Romans, the Byzantines, the Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire. Sinop Castle, which could survive until today, has a length of 880 m in the North, 500 m in the east, 400 m in the south and 273 m in the west, and it defines the old borders of the city. It is observed that northern city walls of castle (Kumkapi Site) have been subjected to natural influences due to the its location and it is in danger of collapse. The purpose of scientific research on materials used in historical buildings; to obtain more information about visual, physical, mechanical and mineralogical properties of materials used in these structures. Using this information, suggestions on material selection to be used in the restoration of structures will be presented. In this study, stone and mortar samples were taken from the northern city walls of castle (Kumkapi Site) under the necessary laws and regulations. It was paid attention for the stone and mortar samples taken from the area at the sea level of the castle were intact. Samples of stone and mortar are masonry samples on the front surface, filler part and back surface of the castle. As physical analyzes on the samples; w

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Durability Performance of Utilising Quarry Dust as Sustainable Material in Self-Compacting Concrete

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1349卷

作者： A A Dyg. Siti Quraisyah K. Kartini M S Hamidah Research Associate I-Geo Disaster Research Centre Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology (FEST) Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia and Faculty of Civil Engineering University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia. Faculty of Civil Engineering University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia.

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) a latest innovation in concrete technology is being regarded as one of the most promising developments in the construction industry due to numerous advantages over conventional vibrated concrete. SCC is an innovative construction material that can be placed into forms without mechanical vibration which able to flow and consolidate under its own weight. The utilisation of quarry dust (QD) as waste and eco-friendly material in SCC was investigated in this study. Conventional vibrated concrete mix was designated as OPC while SCC mixes with different percentages of QD which are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% that had been used to replace sand as partial fine aggregate. The high-range superplasticizer had been used as the chemical admixtures that can enhance the rheological properties of all SCC mixes. The performance of conventional vibrated concrete and QD in SCC in terms of its workability was investigated while the durability performance was investigated by conducting water absorption test and water permeability test for curing periods of 7, 28 and 60 days were considered in this study. 50% of QD is the optimum dosage that can be used in order to achieve the lowest water absorption meanwhile 40% of QD is the optimum dosage that can be used in order to achieve the lowest water permeability for QD in SCC mix. In conclusion, the innovation material by utilising QD in SCC improve the workability and durability performance of concrete.

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Implications of using systematic decomposition structures to organize building LCA information: A comparative analysis of national standards and guidelines- IEA EBC ANNEX 72

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第2期588卷

作者： B Soust-Verdaguer A García Martínez C Llatas J.C. Gómez de Cózar K Allacker D Trigaux E Alsema B Berg D Dowdell W Debacker R Frischknecht L Ramseier J Veselka M Volf P Hajek A Lupíšek Z Malik G Habert A Hollberg S Lasvaux B Peuportier F Pomponi L Wastiel V Gomes O Zara M Gomes A Gusson Baiocchi L Pulgrossi C Ouellet-Plamondon A Moncaster R Di Bari R Horn K Lenz M Balouktsi T Lützkendorf M Röck E Hoxha A Passer Universidad de Sevilla Instituto de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción Spain KU Leuven Belgium EnergyVille / VITO Belgium W/E Consultants Netherlands BRANZ New Zealand treeze Ltd. Switzerland Czech Technical University in Prague University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings Czech Republic ETH Chair of Sustainable Construction Switzerland Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Sweden University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Switzerland MINES ParisTech Centre Efficacité énergétique des Systèmes France Edinburgh Napier University Resource Efficient Built Environment Lab Scotland Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI-CSTC-WTCB) Belgium University of Campinas GBLab Brazil Federal University of Espirito Santo Brazil Université du Québec Department of Construction Engineering Canada Open University UK Fraunhofer IBP Dept. Life Cycle Engineering Stuttgart Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Sustainable Management of Housing and Real Estate Karlsruhe Germany Graz University of Technology Working Group Sustainable Construction Austria

Introduction: The application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique to a building requires the collection and organization of a large amount of data over its life cycle. The systematic decomposition method can be used to classify building components, elements and materials, overcome specific difficulties that are encountered when attempting to complete the life cycle inventory and increase the reliability and transparency of results. In this paper, which was developed in the context of the research project IEA EBC Annex 72, we demonstrate the implications of taking such approach and describe the results of a comparison among different national standards/guidelines that are used to conduct LCA for building decomposition. Methods: We initially identified the main characteristics of the standards/guidelines used by Annex participant countries. The 'be2226' reference office building was used as a reference to apply the different national standards/guidelines related to building decomposition. It served as a basis of comparison, allowing us to identify the implications of using different systems/standards in the LCA practice, in terms of how these differences affect the LCI structures, LCA databases and the methods used to communicate results. We also analyzed the implications of integrating these standards/guidelines into Building Information Modelling (BIM) to support LCA. Results: Twelve national classification systems/standards/guidelines for the building decomposition were compared. Differences were identified among the levels of decomposition and grouping principles, as well as the consequences of these differences that were related to the LCI organization. In addition, differences were observed among the LCA databases and the structures of the results. Conclusions: The findings of this study summarize and provide an overview of the most relevant aspects of using a standardized building decomposition structure to conduct LCA. Recommendations are formulated o

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Pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion under anisotropic initial stress: Elastic solution and its application

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第7期59卷 1100-1119页

作者： ZHOU Hang KONG GangQiang LIU HanLong College of Civil Engineering Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Chongqing University College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment EngineeringHohai University

This paper presents an elastic solution to the pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion problem under the anisotropic stress conditions. The problem is formulated by the assumption that an initial elliptical cavity is expanded under a uniform pressure and subjected to an in-plane initial horizontal pressure Kσ_0 and vertical pressure σ_0 at infinity. A conformal mapping technique is used to map the outer region of the initial elliptical cavity in the physical plane onto the inner region of a unit circle in the phase plane. Using the complex variable theory, the stress functions are derived; hence, the stress and displacement distributions around the elliptical cavity wall can be obtained. Furthermore, a closed-form solution to the pressure-expansion relationship is presented based on the elastic solution to the stress and displacement. Next, the proposed analytical solutions are validated by comparing with the Kirsch's solution and the finite element method(FEM). The solution to the presented pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion can be applied to two cases in practice. One is to employ the solution to the interpretation of the shear modulus of the soil or rocks and the in-situ stress in the pre-bored pressuremeter test under the lateral anisotropic initial stress condition. The other is the interpretation of the membrane expansion of a flat dilatometer test using the pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion solution. The two cases in practice confirm the usefulness of the present analytical solution.

关键词： elasticity pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion stress displacement pressuremeter test flat dilatometer test

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Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Scaffolding Used in Polish Cities: Focus on Safety

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第11期471卷

作者： Robert Bucon Agata Czarnigowska Piotr Kmiecik Aleksander Robak Lublin University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Department of Construction Methods and Management Nadbystrzycka 40 20-618 Lublin Poland Polska Izba Gospodarcza Rusztowań ul. Tadeusza Czackiego 3/5 00-043 Warszawa Poland Lublin University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Department of Structural Mechanics Nadbystrzycka 40 20-618 Poland

Despite strict safety regulations and general awareness of risks related with work at height, scaffoldings are associated with many accidents. The scale of the problem of unsafe scaffolding can be indirectly analysed on the basis of individual accident reports and statistics. However, the total number, types, purposes, sizes, and condition of scaffoldings used in the practice of Polish construction sites have not been assessed do far. The authors intend to fill this gap by conducting regular observation of scaffoldings erected in selected Polish urban areas. This paper presents the methodology of data collection and compares scaffoldings observed in two big cities, Warsaw and Poznań. Although the method misses scaffoldings out of sight of the assessor and, due to urban locations, focuses on building and not industrial or infrastructure projects, it gives a good idea of the qualities of scaffoldings in use, and enables estimating changes in the number of scaffoldings over the year. As comes from the analysis, frame scaffoldings are the most popular type used in Polish construction. Users commonly choose the narrowest option (less than 70 cm of usable width of the platform) and apply them to a variety of works, be it placing concrete, cladding walls with ETICS or even heavy stone elements, or providing access to roofs. Modular scaffoldings are second most popular, whereas the tube and fitting type is used in extremely rare cases. Small projects (individual housing, small-scale repairs) frequently rely on combination of elements of systems scaffoldings and are often incomplete. Interestingly, 'bad scaffoldings' do not appear only in remote suburbs. As for the changes of the number of scaffoldings over the year, the pattern is not as clear as could be expected in the case of a cold climate country. The findings indicate that occupational safety culture is still low.

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Robust and resilient renovation solutions in different climate change scenarios

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第3期588卷

作者： Alina Galimshina Maliki Moustapha Alexander Hollberg Pierryves Padey Sébastien Lasvaux Bruno Sudret Guillaume Habert ETH Zürich Institute of Construction and Infrastructure Management (IBI) Chair of Sustainable Construction Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland ETH Zurich Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK) Chair of Risk Safety and Uncertainty Quantification Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmersplatsen 4 412 96 Göteborg Sweden University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland (HES-SO) School of Business and Management Vaud (HEIG-VD) Laboratory of Solar Energetics and Building Physics (IGT-LESBAT) Avenue des Sports 20 Yverdon-les-Bains 1401 Switzerland

Building renovation is currently urgent in order to decrease the energy consumption of a building stock. In order to achieve robust renovation scenarios, uncertainty quantification is needed. Climate change scenarios are important factors and need to be included in the analysis. In this paper, three climate change scenarios are applied probabilistically for a renovation scenario using dimensionality reduction techniques and further uncertainty propagation. The results show that RCP2.6 provides more robust results and saves on average 2. 105 CHF and 2. 105kgCO2eq. in a building life cycle comparing to RCP 8.5. The analysis under climate change is also compared to the probabilistic calculations under current climate and the results show the underestimation of both costs and environmental impacts when climate change is not included. It can also be clearly seen that even under the best case of RCP 2.6, building renovation is urgently needed to decrease the environmental impacts and costs.

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Evaluation of external transversal reinforcement strains of RC beams strengthened in shear with FRCM composites 8

Evaluation of external transversal reinforcement strains of ...

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8th Biennial Conference on Advanced Composites in construction, ACIC 2017

作者： Gonzalez-Libreros, Jaime H. Pellegrino, Carlo D'Antino, Tommaso Sneed, Lesley H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padua Padua35129 Italy Department of Architecture Built Environment and Construction Engineering Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan20133 Italy Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology 401 North Pine Street RollaMO65409 United States

Research carried out in recent years has proven that Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites are a valid alternative to traditional techniques used for the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Unfortunately, the available experimental evidence is still limited, and research on the topic is needed. Regarding the behaviour of RC beams strengthened in shear with FRCM composites, questions such as the actual value of strain reached by the composite still need to be answered. Bearing this in mind, an experimental campaign was carried out in order to provide insight on the aforementioned issue. In this study, RC beams were strengthened in shear using FRCM composites with carbon and steel fibres in a U-wrapped configuration. The beams were tested in fourpoint bending, and strains in the composite fibres were measured throughout the load response. Strains recorded at peak load were compared to strains computed using available models. Results show that FRCM composites with both carbon and steel fibres were able to provide a significant increase in the shear capacity of strengthened beams. Strains measured in the fibres at beam failure were lower than half of the strain corresponding to the tensile strength of carbon and steel fibres.

关键词： Steel fibers

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The Influence of Tension Sequence of Prestressing Steel beam on Prestress Loss

The Influence of Tension Sequence of Prestressing Steel beam...

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2017 5th International Conference on Machinery,Materials and Computing technology(ICMMCT 2017)

作者： Ke Wenhui Huang Xiangguo Ma Lei Yu Yonglong Kang Juntao Wuhan Municipal Construction Group School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan University of Technology

Based on the analysis of the influence of prestressed beam tension on the concrete box girder structure, this paper puts forward the characteristics of the construction of viaduct. It is based on the construction characteristics of viaduct. The reasonable tensioning sequence of prestressed concrete box girder with the characteristics of viaduct construction has been put forward. To obtain the stress displacement value and the prestress loss value in the different tensile sequence, follow works have been done: The finite element software Midas/civil is used to establish the finite modal, and select the typical cross section has been select. Then, compared prestress loss of the prestressed concrete box girder in different steel beam tensioning sequence. Case 3(abdominal-top-bottom) is the most reasonable.

关键词： prestressed concrete box girder prestressed tension sequence prestress loss representative section

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Unification of ordinary portland cement codes

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Indian Concrete Journal 2017年第2期91卷 69-70页

作者： Nataraja, M.C. Department of Civil Engineering Department of Construction Technology and Management Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering Mysore India

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