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The Reconciliation of the Contradictions in the Preservation and Development of Traditional Villages:Refinement of Contradictions through Extenics

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Procedia Computer Science 2017年 122卷 1149-1155页

作者： Tao Wang Kemi Adeyeye Dongsheng Wang Haibo Guo Suliu Chen School of Art and Design Beijing Institute of Technology No 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China Department of Architecture & Civil Engineering University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China College of Urban Construction and Safety Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China

There has been a rapid urbanization in china at the expense of agricultural and rural development. Consequently, before 2010 the traditional villages were dying off at the speed of 100 per day. To save the precious culture heritage and avoid the unbalanced development in urban and rural areas, the better approach is to make such villages more liveable through balanced preservation and development. This will motivate vitality and help to achieve long-term sustainability. This work investigates how to apply Extenics ideas and methods to solve the contradictions between preservation and development in Lingshui village, China. It describes contradictions quantitatively with element theory of Extenics in order to define the required extent of change and protection. That is, to modify the sustainability of traditional village to better understand the overall value of protection and development risks and to make informed judgements about the required extent of actions. The paper concludes with recommendations for testing the efficacy of its findings i.e. to use Extenics theory for better, liveble and resilient village environments.

关键词： Traditional village Preservation Development Extenics

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Ultimate strength capacity of composite self-compacting castellated steel beams

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期433卷

作者： Sh Q Abdulridha H H Muteb S Sh Abdulqader Babylon Technical Institute Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University 51015 Babylon Iraq Building and Construction Engineering Department University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Department of Civil Engineering University of Babylon Hillah 51002 Iraq

Castellated steel profile sections can be used in order to increase the flexure strength of composite concrete-steel beams for building large spans. Castellated beams are fabricated by cutting I-section steel girders in a special manner before welding to produce an opening throughout the web. The depth of the new section is enhanced by a specific percentage, which increases the performance of the beam against bending. Castellated beams can be used compositely in long span floors where floor beam heights are kept to a minimum by passing services through the web-openings. This paper will focus on the composite behaviour of specimens in two types of concrete with different strengths. The ultimate strength for these types of structures with different degrees of castellation will be considered. The study consisted of two parts: the first part tested six specimens using push out test specimens to understand the real behaviour of their shear connectors. The second part tested eight specimens under a third point static load. Three of the push out test specimens were of normal concrete, and the others were self-compacting concrete. Four of the composite beam specimens were normal concrete slabs, while the other four specimens were made from self-compacting concrete. The experimental programme also included fabrication of I-section steel beams with different castellation degrees of 0%, 25%, 33.8%, and 50%. The effects of concrete type and degree of were thus studied. It was found that the maximum load capacity was significantly affected by these parameters such that it was increased with both the increase of compressive strength of the concrete and the degree of castellation. The push out test showed that the slip behaviour was linear below 70 to 80% of the ultimate load capacity. At this linear stage, the amount of slip is very low and rarely exceeds 0.5 mm.

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An automated GIS based piezoelectric potential assessment: PE calculator 33

An automated GIS based piezoelectric potential assessment: P...

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33rd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in construction, ISARC 2016

作者： Toroghi, Shahaboddin Hashemi Li, Mingyang Ashuri, Baabak School of Building Construction and School of City and Regional Planning Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Civil Engineering and School of City and Regional Planning Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Building Construction and School of Civil Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States

Renewable Sources are at the front line of policy discussions for replacing the fossil fuels around the world. Piezoelectric (PE) material can generate electricity in response to mechanical stress. Knowing that cars put a significant amount of stress onto the roadways every day, the use of piezoelectric transducer for asphalt pavement energy harvesting has gained the attention of researchers in the recent years. Despite the continuing research on improving the efficiency of this new technology, developing a tool to measure the PE potential of the roads, is a necessity for future utilization of piezoelectric materials. Addressing such a need, in this research, we use the python programming language, the scripting language of choice for the ArcGIS platform, to develop a state of the art software - PE Calculator which generates the PE potential of roads. The PE Calculator gives the user the choice of defining the boundary of study, traffic condition and PE coefficient. In addition to visualized PE potential maps using Geographies Information System (GIS), the PE Calculator generates a detailed table, expressing the PE potential for each road segment. The result of this research can be used by both public and private sectors, including policy makers, transportation engineers, city planners, and etc. to prioritize future PE implementation plans accordingly.

关键词： Python

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Laser-ultrasonic monitoring of the gritical structure objects produced from CRFC

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Lecture Notes in Mechanical engineering 2017年 PartF11卷 222-229页

作者： Karabutov, Alexander A. Cherepetskaya, Elena B. Sokolovskaya, Yulia G. Mironova, Elena A. Morozov, Dmitry V. Svoboda, Pavel Laser Ultrasonic Non-destructive Testing Lab The National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" Leninsky Pr. 6 Moscow119991 Russia Department of Construction Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic

Porosity is one of the most important composite structure failure, influenced on the properties of the construction and the residual service to fatigue. The non-destructive technologies able to detect the intimate structure transformation are well-come to the market. The comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several technologies, such as X-ray tomography, conventional ultrasonic testing, thermal wave testing, remote laser-ultrasonic testing and contact laser-ultrasonic evaluation is presented. Contact laser-ultrasonic material evaluation seems to be the very technology for CFRF construction test. The advantages of contact laser-ultrasonic evaluation (CLUE) are described in detail. The possibility to evaluate the residual life-time of the objects of critical structure composite construction with CLUE is discussed. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017.

关键词： Nondestructive examination

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Experimental Study on Sensitivity to Temperature Stress of the Permeability of Weakly Cemented Sandstone

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期113卷

作者： Z Y Song H G Ji S You J Tan H Wang Mine construction branch china coal research institute Beijing 100013 China School of civil and resource engineering University of science and technology Beijing. Beijing 100083 China

In order to explore the meso-structural characteristics of weakly cemented sandstone and its permeability characteristics under multi-field coupling, SEM scanning electron microscopy and Top Industries rock triaxial remoter system have been used. On the basis of studying the microstructure of weakly cemented sandstone, the sensibility of its permeability to temperature and confining pressure is preliminarily study. The results show that the compaction effect of weakly cemented sandstone is poor, and the clastic particles are compacted and degenerated. It features concave-convex contact, and base cementation playing a main role. Because of the difference in pore structure, within the experimental range, when the temperature rises and the confining pressure increases, the influence of confining pressure on the mineral particles leads to the change of permeability. The confining pressure increases the plastic deformation of the intergranular particles. There is an irreversible phenomenon in the process of rising and falling of the confining pressure, while the effect of temperature on permeability is small. The three coupling surfaces of permeability, temperature and confining pressure of weakly cemented sand-stone with different granularities are developed, and the corresponding coupling equations are presented. Therefore, during construction in the weakly cemented stratum, substantial deformation of surrounding rock due to sensitivity of permeability to confining pressure should be avoided, and active support measures should be strengthened in the aquifer layer.

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Discussion on the mechanism of ground improvement method at the excavation of shallow overburden tunnel in difficult ground

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Underground Space 2016年第2期1卷 94-107页

作者： Kiyoshi Kishida Ying Cui Masaichi Nonomura Tomomi Iura Makoto Kimura Department of Urban Management Kyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8540Japan Department of Civil Engineering Meijo UniversityNagoya 468-5802Japan Railway Engineering Co.Ltd. Tokyo 105-0012Japan Japan Railway Construction Transport and Technology AgencyYokohama 231-8351Japan Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8540Japan

Tunnel construction opportunities involving shallow overburdens under difficult(e.g.,soft,unconsolidated)grounds have been increasing in *** auxiliary methods for excavating mountain tunnels have been developed and can satisfy stringent construction *** ground improvement method,which is one of the auxiliary methods for shallow overburden tunnels,has demonstrated its ability to effectively control the amount of settlement under soft ***,the mechanism of the ground improvement method has not been clarified,nor has a suitable design code been established for ***,because the strength of the improved ground and the suitable length and width of the improved area have not been fully understood,an empirical design has been applied in every *** this paper,the mechanical behavior during the excavation,including that of the stabilized ground,is evaluated through trapdoor experiments and numerical *** addition,the enhancement of tunnel stability resulting from the application of the ground improvement method is discussed.

关键词： Auxiliary method Shallow overburden Soft ground Ground improvement Settlement

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'Experimental assessment of separation distances of a load-bearing straw-bale construction'

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第4期1107卷

作者： Petr Hejtmánek Hana Najmanová Tomáš Váchal Department of Building Structures Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Republic University Centre of Energy Efficient Buildings Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Republic Department of Construction Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Republic

With an increasingly dense urban structure and wider use of energy efficient and combustible materials, the requirements on fire separation distances are becoming an actual topic. In the Czech Republic, separation distances are determined according to 'fire openness' categorisation of external walls. In line with the Czech Fire Standards, combustible external walls must be considered as unprotected areas (fire opened areas) until the opposite is proven. This classification might be a crucial element in building design and for location of an object on a plot. This paper introduces a project on fire safety evaluation of a load-bearing straw-bale construction and focuses on experimental determination of fire openness of combustible external walls with incombustible surface (A1/A2 reaction to fire class). To assess fire risk and a contribution to fire growth and flame spread of the walls, a full-scale fire test of an experimental straw-bale house was carried out in September 2017. The experimental object was designed as a mock-up of a residential house, single-storey, stand-alone building with ground floor dimensions of 4.0 × 6.0 m and a height of 3.5 m with two symmetrical connected rooms. The observations and measurements showed that the experimental wall composition, even though it was not certified as a construction with a specific fire resistance, did not contribute to the fire propagation and could be assumed as a fire closed area, where as unprotected areas are considered only windows. In the case of the evaluated object, this classification leads to a reduction in separation distances of almost 4 meters. According to the results can be concluded that a different approach to evaluate fire openness could be desirable to establish.

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Target value design approach for real estate development 24

Target value design approach for real estate development

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24th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean construction, IGLC 2016

作者： Neto, Hugo M. Morêda Costa, Dayana B. Thomas, Linda Ocean Engineering Department Stevens Institute of Technology School of Engineering Civil Environmental NJ07030 United States Department of Structural and Construction Engineering Engineering School Federal University of Bahia BA Brazil

In the delivery of major construction projects, the programming phase is often poorly managed. Additionally, there is often a lack of dialog among the stakeholders during the initial design phase, resulting in projects that are over budget, difficult to construct, and finishing later than desired. Rework, waste, and change orders also often occur. Target Value Design (TVD) is a management approach that utilizes features of Target Costing and adapts them to the construction industry. TVD's focus is to make the client's value a primary driver of design by improving the project definition during programming thus optimizing the design phase. Despite recent research praising TVD, there still remains a lack of information related to TVD applied to real estate development and construction. This paper reports on a study aiming to identify weaknesses in processes currently used to define construction projects in light of TVD theory for real estate and construction companies. The authors describe findings from exploratory case studies, various interviews and documents analyzed based on a theoretical framework obtained from a literature review of TVD theory. Consequently, recommendations supporting the application of the fundamental concepts of TVD to real estate projects are presented and discussed, furthering the current debate concerning the adaptation of TVD to the construction industry.

关键词： construction industry

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Study on Effects of Different Replacement Rate on Bending Behavior of Big Recycled Aggregate Self Compacting Concrete

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第2期322卷

作者： Jing Li Tiantian Guo Shuai Gao Lin Jiang Zhijun Zhao Yalin Wang Shool of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum Qingdao China Wuhan Design & Research Institute CO. LTD OF China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Wuhan China Rong Hua Construction Group Qingdao China

Big recycled aggregate self compacting concrete is a new type of recycled concrete, which has the advantages of low hydration heat and green environmental protection, but its bending behavior can be affected by different replacement rate. Therefor, in this paper, the research status of big Recycled aggregate self compacting concrete was systematically introduced, and the effect of different replacement rate of big recycled aggregate on failure mode, crack distribution and bending strength of the beam were studied through the bending behavior test of 4 big recycled aggregate self compacting concrete beams. The results show that: The crack distribution of the beam can be affected by the replacement rate; The failure modes of big recycled aggregate beams are the same as those of ordinary concrete; The plane section assumption is applicable to the big recycled aggregate self compacting concrete beam; The higher the replacement rate, the lower the bending strength of big recycled aggregate self compacting concrete beams.

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Influence of rGO, n-Al2O3 and n-SiO2 nanomaterials on the microstructure of OPC paste immersed in 0.5 M HNO3 solution 4

Influence of rGO, n-Al2O3 and n-SiO2 nanomaterials on the mi...

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4th International Conference on Sustainable construction Materials and Technologies, SCMT 2016

作者： Murugan, M. Santhanam, Manu Building Technology and Construction Management Division Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras ChennaiTamil Nadu600036 India

Low pH exposure of hydrated cement leads to its gradual degradation by the process of leaching, which is the migration of Calcium ions to the external solution. This action increases the pore connectivity of C-SH gel and changes its equilibrium Ca/Si ratio. The effect of nanomaterials such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), dry aluminium oxide nanopowder (n-Al2O3) and colloidal silicon dioxide nanoparticles (n-SiO2) on the Calcium leaching of cement paste was investigated in this paper. The limewater cured cement paste mixes incorporating the nanomaterials were immersed in 0.5 M HNO3 solution for 56 days. The leached samples were characterized using FTIR, OM, SEM and X-ray CT. © 2016 International Committee of the SCMT conferences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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