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Recent Progress in Net-Zero-Energy Buildings in Tropical Climates: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities 1st

Recent Progress in Net-Zero-Energy Buildings in Tropical Cli...

1st International Conference on Net-Zero Built Environment: Innovations in Materials, Structures, and Management Practices, NTZR 2024

作者： Mengaw, Mengesha Asefie Mengesha, Wubishet Jekale Madessa, Habtamu Bayera Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Department of Civil Engineering Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addis Ababa University Ethiopian Institute of Architecture Building Construction and City Development Addis Ababa Ethiopia Oslo Metropolitan University Department of Built Environment Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783031696251

Buildings account for a significant proportion of the total energy consumption in the global energy sector, with a value of about 40% of the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and studying building energy can play a crucial role in shaping sustainable development goals (SDGs). Interest in achieving net-zero and positive-energy buildings has been growing in recent years. Recent research publications to this day exhibit a lack of focus on net-zero-energy buildings (NZEBs);a more comprehensive literature would include the challenges and opportunities of such buildings. For this reason, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date review of the recent progress, challenges, and opportunities in constructing net-zero-energy buildings in tropical climates. The findings show that the opportunities for constructing net-zero-energy buildings in tropical climates include, but are not limited to, the availability of solar energy, government policies and incentives promoting NZEBs, monetary benefits from increasing the demand for energy-efficient buildings, creating employment opportunities in research and development, reducing operational energy costs, and decreasing the carbon emissions of buildings. On the other hand, the challenges to constructing NZEBs in tropical climates are their high initial costs, regulations and policies, technological barriers to developing energy-efficient materials that are both cost-effective and readily available, connecting net-zero-energy buildings to smart grids, environmental and socioeconomic concerns, occupant behavior, and retrofitting existing buildings. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Green buildings

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Intelligent control of air conditioning in exhibition halls based on edge computing 4

Intelligent control of air conditioning in exhibition halls ...

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4th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computer Application, ICMLCA 2023

作者： Su, Hexuan Yu, Wenhong Zou, Songling Wang, Kuan School of Civil Engineering North China University of Technology Beijing China China Railway Construction Group Co. Ltd Beijing China Carbon Neutral Research Institute of Boao Hainan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400709449

This paper proposes a new method of achieving air conditioning energy conservation in small and medium-sized exhibition halls by utilizing infrared sensors, pressure sensors, and edge computing control. This paper firstly introduces the special characteristics of small and medium-sized exhibition halls, then it introduces edge computing technology from the aspects of data prediction and data acquisition and realizes the intelligent control of air conditioning to achieve the energy-saving goal by using temperature sensors and pressure sensors for edge computing. Finally, a case study is presented, indicating that implementing an edge control system in the air conditioning of small and medium-sized exhibition halls can reduce overall energy consumption by 15%-20%. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Real-Time Crack Classification with Wall-Climbing Robot Using MobileNetV2 22nd

Real-Time Crack Classification with Wall-Climbing Robot Usin...

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22nd Asia Simulation Conference, AsiaSim 2023

作者： Mazni, Mazleenda Husain, Abdul Rashid Shapiai, Mohd Ibrahim Ibrahim, Izni Syahrizal Zulkifli, Riyadh Anggara, Devi Willieam School of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang Jalan Purnama Masai Malaysia Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Forensic Engineering Centre Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia School of Computing Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819972395

Detecting cracks on concrete surfaces is a crucial task in civil engineering inspections, but it poses significant challenges due to the small and concealed nature of cracks. Visual detection is particularly difficult on uneven or rough concrete surfaces. To overcome these challenges, our research focuses on developing an automated system that utilizes a wall-climbing robot for crack classification. Our main objective is to introduce a crack classification technique using MobileNetV2, enabling real-time classification without human intervention. The Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model used for crack classification is based on MobileNetV2, which is fine-tuned by adjusting the sensitivity of its hyperparameters. Through extensive experiments, we evaluate the performance of this CNN approach specifically designed for embedded systems. After evaluating our proposed approach of crack-detection on publicly available datasets, we have found that out of all the pre-trained CNN models MobileNetV2 yields the best performance with 99.56% detection accuracy, precision of 99.65%, recall of 99.48%, and F1-Score of 99.56%. However, it is important to note that the training time for this model is relatively high, taking 25,500 s. Future study of the study should focus on optimizing the computation time to improve efficiency. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Neural network models

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Potential of ecological water treatment elements to reduce pollution of river water used for urban agriculture in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Discover Water 2024年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Solomon, Terusaw Yeshitela, Kumelachew Abebe, Wondmagegn Taye Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Jimma Institute of Technology Jimma Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Architecture Building Construction and City Development Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Cities in developing countries, such as Addis Ababa, face enormous challenges as a result of high demand for food and clean water, as well as the generation of large amounts of urban waste that is discharged into natural water bodies, contaminating rivers, lakes, and other freshwater bodies used in urban agriculture. Farmers in Addis Ababa and nearby areas use polluted irrigation water diverted from the highly contaminated Little and Great Akaki rivers. The study aimed to assess how well a floating treatment wetland with vetiver grass could reduce irrigation water pollution at the Mekanisa-Gofa-Lafto Cooperative (MGLC) farm in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Additionally, the study sought to provide design recommendations that could be implemented at the farmer level. The irrigation water underwent a 7-day treatment using a Vetiver grass floating treatment wetland. A field test was also conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the floating treatment wetland in reducing pollutants at the study site. The results showed that the floating treatment wetland was able to reduce the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (73.68%), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (73.92%), Acidity/Basicity (pH) (0.39%), Chloride (Cl−) (43.12%), Total Hardness (66.56%) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) (96.21%) values, approaching the recommended irrigation water quality guideline values within 3 days. In contrast, there was an increase in Electro Conductivity (EC) (22.2%) and Sodium (Na) (15.2%) concentrations, which exceeded the recommended values, due to evapotranspiration or the entry of the surrounding soil into the irrigation water of the study site.

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Comparative study about the effect of lower-level controller model to the merging of CAVs system

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第29期58卷 332-337页

作者： Huaqing Liu Hongxia Ge School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315211 China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Digital Road Construction Technology Ningbo 315211 China School of Statistics and Data Science Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315211 China

The hierarchical modeling framework is widely used in designing the longitudinal control of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). To describe the throttle/brake maneuvers, the lower-level controller is constructed and modeled. Meanwhile, it leads to a problem that how CAV traffic flow evolve with different lower-level controller. In this paper, two typical lower-level controller models are introduced and compared. One is the first-order lag model which is widely used in theoretical analysis and the other one is a second-order response model with delay and feedback control, which is identified from field test data in our previous work. The result of stability analysis exhibits a smaller string stable region under second-order response model with delay. Moreover, the throughput at a lane drop on two lane highways is also lower than first-order lag model. In spatiotemporal diagram, phase transition markedly differs among two CAV systems. Under second-order response model with delay and feedback control, it shows a characteristic of ‘Three-stage’ phase transition. First-order lag model, widely used in theoretical analysis, does not accurately describe the acceleration and deceleration of actual CAVs. It usually overestimates the executive process of the vehicle's mechanical structure. Some conclusion based on the first-order lag model may not match the actual traffic. This comparative paper is hoped to draw more attention about the differences caused by lower-level controller model, especially in some typical traffic scenarios.

关键词： Connected automated vehicle Traffic merging Lower-level controller Stability analysis Phase transition

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Axial Compressive Properties of EICP-Improved Collapsible Loess 11

Axial Compressive Properties of EICP-Improved Collapsible Lo...

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11th Academic Conference of Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development 2023

作者： Qin, Hao Shan, Lingzhi Tao, Xueqing Lin, Mingxin Xu, Leiyun Civil and Architectural Engineering Department East China University of Technology Jiangxi Nanchang330013 China Zhongzi Planning and Design Research Co Ltd. Beijing101500 China Suzhou Xiqing Construction Engineering Co Ltd. Jiangsu Suzhou215128 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713890973

In this paper, plant urease-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) is proposed to reinforce collapsible loess. Axial compressive characteristics of the improved loess are investigated by the unconfined compressive strength tests. The results showed that the water erosion resistances of EICP improved collapsible loess were enhanced with the increase of water content within a certain range. The unconfined compressive strength of the soil samples increases with the increase of cementing liquid concentration. the stress-strain curve of the EICP improved loess is in softening type, which can be generalised as three stages, which are compaction stage, elastic stage, and softening stage. © (2023) by Aussino Academic Publishing House. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ductile fracture

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An Automated 3D Model Generation Framework for construction Equipment Images using Edge Detection Algorithm 14

An Automated 3D Model Generation Framework for Construction ...

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14th International Conference on Information and Communication technology Convergence, ICTC 2023

作者： Lee, Jae-Kun Lee, Hye-Min Moon, Hyoun-Seok Yonsei University Dept. of Architecutre & Architectural Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of University of Science and Technology Kict School Dept. of Civil & Environment Engineering Goyang Korea Republic of Kict Dept. of Future & Smart Construction Research Goyang Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313277

Recently, the interest in construction equipment simulation has increased, and thus the necessity for rapid generation of 3D BIM construction equipment library for virtual space simulation at a low cost has also been raised. However, utilizing the existing BIM equipment libraries is inefficient as they are costly and require manual model making. As a solution, this paper suggests a framework for generating 3D construction equipment library based on the images of equipment elements using edge detection. Furthermore, we examined the practicality of the method for automatic 3D model generation that we present. The framework suggested in this study is expected to improve the productivity of the construction industry by enhancing the efficiency of sharing status information and facilitating the equipment interferences review within a virtual environment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： BIM Library Building Information Modeling Computer Vision construction Equipment Edge Detection Algorithm Framework

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Higher-order buckling analysis of FG porous cylindrical micro-shells integrated with GPLs-RC patches in hygrothermal environment immersed on Kerr foundation

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Acta Mechanica 2024年第4期235卷 1785-1802页

作者： Ying, Yi-Fan Zhao, Li-Cai Kumar, Abhinav School of Architecture and Art Zhejiang Business Technology Institute Zhejiang Ningbo315012 China The Third Engineering Co. Ltd. China Railway 19th Bureau Group Liaoning Shenyang110136 China Department of Civil and Construction Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No.43 Sec.4 Keelung Road Taipei City Taiwan Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin 19 Mira Street Yekaterinburg620002 Russia

This study investigates the buckling behavior of functionally graded (FG) porous micro-shell covered with nanocomposite facesheets;graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are hired to reinforce and strengthen the faces. This micro-shell is under a hygrothermal environment and rested on Kerr foundations which consist of two rows of springs and one shear layer. Due to considering the size effect for this microstructure, modified couple stress theory is implemented in the strain energy. Reddy’s theory in the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to analyze shear stress distribution through z-direction. In the end, the Navier’s solution method is employed to solve equations analytically for simply supported edges. Moreover, the validity of the outcomes is confirmed by comparing them with a previous published study. After validation, the key findings of the research are examined;it highlights the influences of GPLs of facesheets and porous distribution on the stiffness of the structure, and the impact of Kerr foundation on the result is the most significant outcomes. The main implications show that the symmetric porosity distribution and FG V-A GPLs distribution make this engineering structure become stiffer which consequently leads to an increase in critical buckling load. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Shear stress

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Micromechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag-Based Paste Explored by Nanoindentation

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Journal of the Chinese Institute of civil and Hydraulic engineering 2022年第5期34卷 435-440页

作者： Chuang, Yun-Chien Chou, Yu-Ting Chen, Chun-Tao Chen, Hsi-An Department of Civil and Construction Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan

This study determined the reduced modulus and hardness of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based alkali-activated paste using nanoindentation to explore the relationships among its micromechanical properties and the compressive strength, the age, the liquid to solid ratios (LS) (0.4 and 0.6) and the sodium hydroxide (Na(OH)2) to the water glass (WG) volume ratio of the alkaline activating solutions (4:6, 5:5, 6:4). The single-point nanoindentation showed that the white GGBS dots had higher reduced moduli and hardness than the dark hydration products. The mix with the liquid-to-solids ratio of 0.4 had a higher compressive strength than that with a ratio of 0.6 at all ages, and it had higher reduced moduli and hardness at 7 and 28 days. The mix with a ratio of Na(OH)2:WG = 4:6 had the highest compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days, and it also had the highest reduced moduli and hardness at the dark hydration products at 7 days. © 2022, Chinese Institute of civil and Hydraulic engineering. All right reserved.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Structural Behaviour of Green Geopolymer Concrete Beams and Columns Made with Waste Wood Ash a Partial Substitution Binder 3rd

Structural Behaviour of Green Geopolymer Concrete Beams and ...

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3rd International Conference on Materials Science and Manufacturing technology, ICMSMT 2021

作者： Arun Kumar, K. Muthukannan, M. Raja Abinaya, R. Suresh Kumar, A. School of Environmental and Construction Technology Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Virudhunagar India Department of Civil Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education India

ISBN: (纸本)9783035712681

On the demand of reducing the global warming due to cement production which is used as main constituent in the production of concrete and minimizing the environmental impact caused by the waste and its disposal methods, this study was aimed. This study looked in to detail insight view on effective utilization of waste wood ash in the production of geopolymer concrete beams and columns to alternate the conventional reinforced concrete elements in construction industry. Waste wood ash is a waste by product produced in the nearby hotel and factories by burning the waste wood collected from timber industries and the ash are thrown in to land which creates a major environmental pollution. Geopolymer is a novel inorganic eco-friendly binding agent derived from alkaline solution that stimulates aluminosilicate source material (such as metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS). In this research, behaviour of beams in deflection, ductility factor, flexural strength and toughness index and columns in load carrying ability, stress strain behaviour and load-deflection behaviours were examined for three types of concretes (30% WWA – 70% Fly ash Geo-polymer concrete, Fly ash Geo-polymer concrete and Reinforced Cement Concrete). The results showed that inclusion of waste wood ash in geopolymer concrete helped in enhancing the load carrying capacity of beam and column by 42% and 28%. Further, the behaviour of structural elements in stiffness, ductility and toughness were also improved with the replacement of waste wood ash. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Ductility

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