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Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 2025年第4期18卷

作者： Boyu Zhang He Huang Yu-E Sun Guoju Gao Soochow University Key Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Advanced Computing in Provincial Universities Soochow University

Super spreader detection in high-speed data streams is crucial for numerous applications. Although many methods have emerged, existing works can hardly concurrently achieve high memory efficiency, support online detection, enable merging data from different measurement points/periods, and offer invertibility. This makes them unable to satisfy flexible application requirements. This paper proposes RGS-Sketch, a novel sketch designed to address this problem. The core of RGS-Sketch lies in a new mergeable memory sharing design called register group sharing. This design organizes registers into groups as basic memory sharing units, accommodating the high skewness of real-world data streams and offering high memory efficiency. Besides, it enables online detection through the real-time acquisition of a group's state, which also facilitates invertibility. To enhance detection accuracy further, we propose a limited register update strategy. It blocks small flows from updating registers, thereby reducing memory overhead and estimation noises. Extensive experimental results based on four real-world datasets show that RGS-Sketch significantly outperforms the most accurate baselines in accuracy while maintaining a high throughput. Specifically, it improves the F1 scores by up to 0.643 for measurements at a single point/period and up to 0.472 across multiple points/periods.

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Ascl: Accelerating Semi-Supervised Learning Via Contrastive Learning

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Haixiong Li, Zuoyong Wu, Jiawei Zeng, Kun Hu, Rong Zeng, Wei Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou350118 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control College of Computer and Data Science Minjiang University Fuzhou350121 China School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen518107 China The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Intelligent Information Processing of Fujian Education Institutions Wuyi University Wuyishan354300 China School of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Longyan University Longyan364012 China

SSL(Semi-supervised learning) is widely used in machine learning, which leverages labeled and unlabeled data to improve model performance. SSL aims to optimize class mutual information, but noisy pseudo-labels introduce false class information due to the scarcity of labels. Therefore, these algorithms often need significant training time to refine pseudo-labels for performance improvement iteratively. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel plug-and-play method named ASCL(Accelerating Semi-Supervised Learning via Contrastive Learning). This method combines contrastive learning with uncertainty-based selection for performance improvement and accelerates the convergence of SSL algorithms. Contrastive learning initially emphasizes the mutual information between samples as a means to decrease dependence on pseudo-labels. Subsequently, it gradually turns to maximizing the mutual information between classes, aligning with the objective of semi-supervised learning. Uncertainty-based selection provides a robust mechanism for acquiring pseudo-labels. The combination of the contrastive learning module and the uncertainty-based selection module forms a virtuous cycle to improve the performance of the proposed model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ASCL outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both convergence efficiency and performance. In the experimental scenario where only one label is assigned per class in the CIFAR-10 dataset, the application of ASCL to Pseudo-label, UDA (Unsupervised data Augmentation for Consistency Training), and Fixmatch benefits substantial improvements in classification accuracy. Specifically, the results demonstrate notable improvements in respect of 16.32%, 6.9%, and 24.43% when compared to the original outcomes. Moreover, the required training time is reduced by almost 50%. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image classification

Z16b,a natural compound from Ganoderma cochlear is a novel RyR2 stabilizer preventing catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

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中国药理学报（英文版） 2022年第9期43卷 2340-2350页

作者： Jiang-fan Wan Gang Wang Fu-ying Qin Dan-ling Huang Yan Wang Ai-ling Su Hai-ping Zhang Yang Liu Shao-yin Zeng Chao-liang Wei Yong-xian Cheng Jie Liu Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of PathophysiologySchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of PathophysiologySchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen 518000China Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518000China Center for High Performance Computing Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis TechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518000China Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510000China Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of South China Structure Heart Disease Department of Pediatric CardiologyGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510000China

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia(CPVT)is an inherited,lethal ventricular arrhythmia triggered by *** in genes that encode cardiac ryanodine receptor(RyR2)and proteins that regulate RyR2 activity cause enhanced diastolic Ca2+release(leak)through the RyR2 channels,resulting in *** therapies for CPVT are *** found that Z16b,a meroterpenoid isolated from Ganoderma cochlear,inhibited Ca2+spark frequency(CaSF)in R2474S/+cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner,with an IC50 of 3.2 μM.Z16b also dose-dependently suppressed abnormal post-pacing Ca2+release *** injection(i.p.)of epinephrine and caffeine stimulated sustained ventricular tachycardia in all R2474S/+mice,while pretreatment with Z16b(0.5 mg/kg,i.p.)prevented ventricular arrhythmia in 9 of 10 mice,and Z16b administration immediately after the onset of VT abolished sVT in 9 of 12 *** translational significance,Z16b significantly inhibited CaSF and abnormal Ca2+release events in human CPVT ***,Z16b interacts with RyR2,enhancing the"zipping"state of the N-terminal and central domains of RyR2.A molecular docking simulation and point mutation and pulldown assays identified Z16b forms hydrogen bonds with Arg626,His1670,and Gln2126 in RyR2 as a triangle shape that anchors the NTD and CD interaction and thus stabilizes RyR2 in a tight"zipping"*** findings support that Z16b is a novel RyR2 stabilizer that can prevent *** may also serve as a lead compound with a new scaffold for the design of safer and more efficient drugs for treating CPVT.

关键词： arrhythmia catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia natural product ryanodine receptor induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

A Multi-scale Framework for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Dermoscopic Images 1

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4th International Conference on Machine Learning for Cyber Security, ML4CS 2022

作者： Huang, Zhongzheng Wang, Tao Cai, Yuanzheng Liang, Lingyu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control College of Computer and Control Engineering and International Digital Economy College Minjiang University Fuzhou350108 China The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Intelligent Information Processing of Fujian Education Institutions Wuyi University Wuyishan354300 China Fujian Yilian-Health Nursing Information Technology Co. Ltd. Fuzhou350003 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China

ISBN: (数字)9783031200960

ISBN: (纸本)9783031200953

The automatic detection of skin diseases via dermoscopic images can improve the efficiency in diagnosis and help doctors make more accurate judgments. However, conventional skin disease recognition systems may produce high confidence for out-of-distribution (OOD) data, which may become a major security vulnerability in practical applications. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale detection framework to detect out-of-distribution skin disease image data to ensure the robustness of the system. Our framework extracts features from different layers of the neural network. In the early layers, rectified activation is used to make the output features closer to the well-behaved distribution, and then an one-class SVM is trained to detect OOD data;in the penultimate layer, an adapted Gram matrix is used to calculate the features after rectified activation, and finally the layer with the best performance is chosen to compute a normality score. Experiments show that the proposed framework achieves superior performance when compared with other state-of-the-art methods in the task of skin disease recognition. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Chemical activation

CLDG: Contrastive Learning on Dynamic Graphs

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Yiming Shi, Bin Ma, Teng Dong, Bo Zhou, Haoyi Zheng, Qinghua Department of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Knowledge Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China Department of Distance Education Xi’an Jiaotong University China School of Software Beihang University China Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University China

The graph with complex annotations is the most potent data type, whose constantly evolving motivates further exploration of the unsupervised dynamic graph representation. One of the representative paradigms is graph contrastive learning. It constructs self-supervised signals by maximizing the mutual information between the statistic graph’s augmentation views. However, the semantics and labels may change within the augmentation process, causing a significant performance drop in downstream tasks. This drawback becomes greatly magnified on dynamic graphs. To address this problem, we designed a simple yet effective framework named CLDG. Firstly, we elaborate that dynamic graphs have temporal translation invariance at different levels. Then, we proposed a sampling layer to extract the temporally-persistent signals. It will encourage the node to maintain consistent local and global representations, i.e., temporal translation invariance under the timespan views. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method on seven datasets by outperforming eight unsupervised state-of-the-art baselines and showing competitiveness against four semi-supervised methods. Compared with the existing dynamic graph method, the number of model parameters and training time is reduced by an average of 2,001.86 times and 130.31 times on seven datasets, respectively. The code and data are available at: https://***/yimingxu24/CLDG. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

Provably Secure Authenticated key-Management Mechanism for e-Healthcare Environment

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Saleem, Muhammad Asad Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Ghaffar, Zahid Xie, Yong Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Douliu64002 Taiwan Qinghai Institute of Technology School of Computer and Information Science China Qinghai Provincial Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Application China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250353 China

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly permeating all aspects of human life, involving a network of devices that share sensitive data. A notable application is the e-healthcare systems, which employ connected sensors, medical servers, and wearable devices. However, the public nature of communication in e-healthcare systems poses challenges such as security, privacy, and authentication of participating entities. Recently, many authentication protocols have been introduced to address these challenges. However, most of these protocols remain vulnerable to various security attacks, including device or medical server impersonation, denial of service, physical or cloning, and de-synchronization attacks. Therefore, we introduce an authenticated key-management protocol utilizing hash functions and Cipher-Block Chaining-Advanced Encryption Standard encryption (CBC-AES) encryption. The proposed protocol also employs the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF), which makes it more robust and efficient in resisting physical or cloning attacks. Additionally, the proposed scheme resists various security threats, including impersonation, session key leakage, ephemeral secret leakage, and de-synchronization attacks. We analyze the scheme’s security and reliability through formal and informal analysis. The informal analysis demonstrates that the scheme encompasses crucial security features, while the formal analysis substantiates. Moreover, performance analysis of the proposed protocol with various competing results indicates that our protocol achieves an average reduction in communication and computation overheads by 36.03.% and 41.79%, respectively. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

Focus on Local: Finding Reliable Discriminative Regions for Visual Place Recognition

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Changwei Chen, Shunpeng Song, Yukun Xu, Rongtao Zhang, Zherui Zhang, Jiguang Yang, Haoran Zhang, Yu Fu, Kexue Du, Shide Xu, Zhiwei Gao, Longxiang Guo, Li Xu, Shibiao Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science China MAIS Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China Tongji University China College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University China Shandong University China

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) is aimed at predicting the location of a query image by referencing a database of geotagged images. For VPR task, often fewer discriminative local regions in an image produce important effects while mundane background regions do not contribute or even cause perceptual aliasing because of easy overlap. However, existing methods lack precisely modeling and full exploitation of these discriminative regions. In this paper, we propose the Focus on Local (FoL) approach to stimulate the performance of image retrieval and re-ranking in VPR simultaneously by mining and exploiting reliable discriminative local regions in images and introducing pseudo-correlation supervision. First, we design two losses, Extraction-Aggregation Spatial Alignment Loss (SAL) and Foreground-Background Contrast Enhancement Loss (CEL), to explicitly model reliable discriminative local regions and use them to guide the generation of global representations and efficient re-ranking. Second, we introduce a weakly-supervised local feature training strategy based on pseudo-correspondences obtained from aggregating global features to alleviate the lack of local correspondences ground truth for the VPR task. Third, we suggest an efficient re-ranking pipeline that is efficiently and precisely based on discriminative region guidance. Finally, experimental results show that our FoL achieves the state-of-the-art on multiple VPR benchmarks in both image retrieval and re-ranking stages and also significantly outperforms existing two-stage VPR methods in terms of computational efficiency. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photointerpretation

Bayesian Functional Analysis for Untargeted Metabolomics data with Matching Uncertainty and Small Sample Sizes

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Guoxuan Kang, Jian Yu, Tianwei Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Computing Shenzhen518172 China

Untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology is quickly gaining widespread application given its ability to depict the global metabolic pattern in biological samples. However, the data is noisy and plagued by the lack of clear identity of data features measured from samples. Multiple potential matchings exist between data features and known metabolites, while the truth can only be one-to-one matches. Some existing methods attempt to reduce the matching uncertainty, but are far from being able to remove the uncertainty for most features. The existence of the uncertainty causes major difficulty in downstream functional analysis. To address these issues, we develop a novel approach for Bayesian Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics data (BAUM) to integrate previously separate tasks into a single framework, including matching uncertainty inference, metabolite selection, and functional analysis. By incorporating the knowledge graph between variables and using relatively simple assumptions, BAUM can analyze datasets with small sample sizes. By allowing different confidence levels of feature-metabolite matching, the method is applicable to datasets in which feature identities are partially known. Simulation studies demonstrate that, compared with other existing methods, BAUM achieves better accuracy in selecting important metabolites that tend to be functionally consistent and assigning confidence scores to feature-metabolite matches. We analyze a COVID-19 metabolomics dataset and a mouse brain metabolomics dataset using BAUM. Even with a very small sample size of 16 mice per group, BAUM is robust and stable. It finds pathways that conform to existing knowledge, as well as novel pathways that are biologically plausible. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Functional analysis

DAMPER: A Dual-Stage Medical Report Generation Framework with Coarse-Grained MeSH Alignment and Fine-Grained Hypergraph Matching

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Xiaofei Chen, Wenting Liu, Jie Lu, Qisheng Luo, Xiaoling Shen, Linlin Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing China

Medical report generation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and patient management, summarizing diagnoses and recommendations based on medical imaging. However, existing work often overlook the clinical pipeline involved in report writing, where physicians typically conduct an initial quick review followed by a detailed examination. Moreover, current alignment methods may lead to misaligned relationships. To address these issues, we propose DAMPER, a dual-stage framework for medical report generation that mimics the clinical pipeline of report writing in two stages. In the first stage, a MeSH-Guided Coarse-Grained Alignment (MCG) stage that aligns chest X-ray (CXR) image features with medical subject headings (MeSH) features to generate a rough keyphrase representation of the overall impression. In the second stage, a Hypergraph-Enhanced Fine-Grained Alignment (HFG) stage that constructs hypergraphs for image patches and report annotations, modeling high-order relationships within each modality and performing hypergraph matching to capture semantic correlations between image regions and textual phrases. Finally,the coarse-grained visual features, generated MeSH representations, and visual hypergraph features are fed into a report decoder to produce the final medical report. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DAMPER in generating comprehensive and accurate medical reports, outperforming state-of-the-art methods across various evaluation metrics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coarse-grained modeling

NON-SPLITTING EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN WENO SCHEMES FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zheng, Nanyi Cai, Xiaofeng Qiu, Jing-Mei Qiu, Jianxian Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Research Center for Mathematics Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science BNU-HKBU United International College Zhuhai519087 China School of Mathematical Sciences Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High-Performance Scientific Computing Xiamen University Fujian Xiamen361005 China

In this paper, we develop high-order, conservative, non-splitting Eulerian-Lagrangian (EL) Runge-Kutta (RK) finite volume (FV) weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes for convection-diffusion equations. The proposed EL-RK-FV-WENO scheme defines modified characteristic lines and evolves the solution along them, significantly relaxing the time-step constraint for the convection term. The main algorithm design challenge arises from the complexity of constructing accurate and robust reconstructions on dynamically varying Lagrangian meshes. This reconstruction process is needed for flux evaluations on time-dependent upstream quadrilaterals and time integrations along moving characteristics. To address this, we propose a strategy that utilizes a WENO reconstruction on a fixed Eulerian mesh for spatial reconstruction, and updates intermediate solutions on the Eulerian background mesh for implicit-explicit RK temporal integration. This strategy leverages efficient reconstruction and remapping algorithms to manage the complexities of polynomial reconstructions on time-dependent quadrilaterals, while ensuring local mass conservation. The proposed scheme ensures mass conservation due to the flux-form semi-discretization and the mass-conservative reconstruction on both background and upstream cells. Extensive numerical tests have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Mesh generation