To investigate the effect of alternating aerobic/anoxic (A/O) on pollutant removal performance and microbial community structure, three sequencing batch reactors (SBr) processes with different alternating A/O times we...
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The power of a range-extended electric bus comes from its battery andrange-extender. How to design the range-extender working point for the vehicle in the process of running is the key factor to achieve energy conser...
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Atmospheric models are essential tools to study the behavior of air pollutants. To interpret the complicated atmospheric model simulations, a new-generation Model Visualization and Analysis Tool (Model-VAT) has been...
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Atmospheric models are essential tools to study the behavior of air pollutants. To interpret the complicated atmospheric model simulations, a new-generation Model Visualization and Analysis Tool (Model-VAT) has been developed for scientists to analyze the model data and visualize the simulationresults. The Model-VAT incorporates analytic functions of conventional tools and enhanced capabilities in flexibly accessing, analyzing, and comparing simulatedresults from multi-scale models with diflbrent map projections and gridresolutions. The performance of the Model-VAT is demonstrated by a case study of investigating the influence of boundary conditions (BCs) on the ambient Hg formation and transport simulated by the CMAQ model over the Pearl riverdelta (Prd) region. The alternative BC options are taken from (1) default time-independent profiles, (2) outputs from a CMAQ simulation of a larger nesting domain, and (3) concentration files from GEOS-Chem (re-gridded andre-projected using the Model-VAT). The three BC inputs and simulated ambient concentrations anddeposition were compared using the Model-VAT. The results show that the model simulations based on the static BCs (default profile) underestimates the Hg concentrations by --6.5%, dry depositions by -9.4%, and wet depositions by --43.2% compared to those of the model-derived (e. g. GEOS-Chem or nesting CMAQ) BCs. This study highlights the importance of model nesting approach anddemonstrates that the innovative functions of Model-VAT enhances the efficiency of analyzing and comparing the model results from various atmospheric model simulations.
KAGrA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to Apr...
KAGrA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGrA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGrA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.
For the coach industry, rapid modeling and efficient optimization methods are desirable for structure modeling and optimization based on simplified structures, especially for use early in the concept phase and with ca...
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For the coach industry, rapid modeling and efficient optimization methods are desirable for structure modeling and optimization based on simplified structures, especially for use early in the concept phase and with capabilities of accurately expressing the mechanical properties of structure and with flexible section forms. However, the present dimension-based methods cannot easily meet these requirements. To achieve these goals, the property-based modeling (PBM) beam modeling method is studied based on the PBM theory and in conjunction with the characteristics of coach structure of taking beam as the main component. For a beam component of concrete length, its mechanical characteristics are primarily affected by the section properties. Four section parameters are adopted to describe the mechanical properties of a beam, including the section area, the principal moments of inertia about the two principal axles, and the torsion constant of the section. Based on the equivalent stiffness strategy, expressions for the above section parameters are derived, and the PBM beam element is implemented in HyperMesh software. A case is realized using this method, in which the structure of a passenger coach is simplified. The model precision is validated by comparing the basic performance of the total structure with that of the original structure, including the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order bending and torsional modal frequencies. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to choose design variables. The optimal Latin hypercube experiment design is adopted to sample the test points, and polynomial response surfaces are used to fit these points. To improve the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order torsional frequency and taking the allowable maximum stresses of the braking and left turning conditions as constraints, the multi-objective optimization of the structure is conducted using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm on the ISIGHT platform. The result of the Paret
To develop a sound ozone(O_3) pollution control strategy,it is important to well understand and characterize the source contribution due to the complex chemical and physical formation processes of O_*** the "Shunde...
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To develop a sound ozone(O_3) pollution control strategy,it is important to well understand and characterize the source contribution due to the complex chemical and physical formation processes of O_*** the "Shunde" city as a pilot summer case study,we apply an innovative response surface modeling(rSM) methodology based on the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ) modeling simulations to identify the O_3 regime and provide dynamic analysis of the precursor contributions to effectively assess the O_3 impacts of volatile organic compound(VOC) control *** results show that Shunde is a typical VOC-limited urban O_3 polluted *** "Jiangmen" city,as the main upper wind area during July 2014,its VOCs and nitrogen oxides(NO_x) emissions make up the largest contribution(9.06%).On the contrary,the contribution from local(Shunde) emission is lowest(6.35%) among the seven neighbor *** local VOCs industrial source emission has the largest contribution comparing to other precursor emission sectors in *** results of dynamic source contribution analysis further show that the local NO_x control could slightly increase the ground O_3 under low(10.00%) and medium(40.00%)reduction ratios,while it could start to turn positive to decrease ground O_3 under the high NO_x abatement ratio(75.00%).The real-time assessment of O_3 impacts from VOCs control strategies in Pearl riverdelta(Prd) shows that the joint regional VOCs emission control policy will effectively reduce the ground O_3 concentration in Shunde.
KAGrA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu prefecture, Japan. In this article, we describe the KAGrA data management system, i.e...
KAGrA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu prefecture, Japan. In this article, we describe the KAGrA data management system, i.e., recording of data, transfer from the KAGrA experiment site to computing resources, as well as data distribution to tier sites, including international sites in Taiwan and Korea. The amount of KAGrA data exceeded 1.0 PiB and increased by about 1.5 TB perday during operation in 2020. Our system has succeeded in data management, and has achieved performance that can withstand observations after 2023, that is, a transferrate of 20 MB s-1or more and file storage of sufficient capacity for petabyte class. We also discuss the sharing of data between the global gravitational-wave detector network with other experiments, namely LIGO and Virgo. The latency, which consists of calculation of calibrated strain data and transfer time within the global network, is very important from the view of multi-messenger astronomy using gravitational waves. real-time calbrateddata delivered from the KAGrA detector site and otherdetectors to our computing system arrive with about 4–15 seconds of latency. These latencies are sufficiently short compared to the time taken for gravitational wave event search computations. We also established a high-latency exchange of offline calibrateddata that was aggregated with a better accuracy compared with real-time data.
radiative cooling of the thermally isolated system is investigated in KAGrA gravitational wave telescope. KAGrA is a laser interferometer-baseddetector and main mirrors constituting optical cavities are cool down to ...
radiative cooling of the thermally isolated system is investigated in KAGrA gravitational wave telescope. KAGrA is a laser interferometer-baseddetector and main mirrors constituting optical cavities are cool down to 20K to reduce noises caused by the thermal fluctuation. The mirror is suspended with the multi-stage pendulum to isolate any vibration. Therefore, this mirror suspension system has few heat links to reduce vibration injection. Thus, this system is mainly cooleddown with thermal radiation. In order to understand the process of radiative cooling of the mirror, we analyzed cooling curve based on mass and specific heat. As a result, it was newly found that a cryogenic part called 'cryogenic duct-shield' seems to have large contribution in the beginning of the mirror cooling. This finding will help to design new cooling system for the next generation cryogenic gravitational wave detector.
In this study, an engine on/off and engine operation control algorithm to improve the fuel economy was proposed for a PHEV(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) considering driver tendency. To identify the driver tendency,...
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In this study, an engine on/off and engine operation control algorithm to improve the fuel economy was proposed for a PHEV(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) considering driver tendency. To identify the driver tendency, a driver model was developed using VIdE (virtual integrateddevelopment environment). The target vehicle model was developed based on MATLAB/Simulink and validation of the vehicle model was performed by experiments. Using the VIdE, real drivers who have different tendency drive the PHEV in virtual environment anddriving data were accumulated. Using the driving data, the driver model which can reflect the driver tendency was developed. To describe the driver tendency, degree of driver aggression (ddA) was proposed, which was determined by fuzzy logic. The ddA was applied to the PHEV control algorithm to improve the fuel economy. This algorithm controls the engine on/off and engine operation, which provides the improved fuel economy.
An effective Improved Artificial Potential Field-based SImultaneous FOrward Search (Improved APF-based SIFOrS) method was developed in known environment, which was very similar with the path relaxation method. We firs...
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An effective Improved Artificial Potential Field-based SImultaneous FOrward Search (Improved APF-based SIFOrS) method was developed in known environment, which was very similar with the path relaxation method. We firstly redefined potential functions to calculate a valid path, then proposed a SImultaneous FOrward Search method (SIFOrS method) to shorten the distance of planned path. Such path was calculated by connecting the sequential points produced by Improved APF method. And we mainly focused on discussing the Bidirectional Improved APF-based SIFOrS method in this paper. The simulationresults confirmed that our proposed path planning approach could calculate a shorter, collision-free, no oscillations and safe path to a destination than general Improved APF methods can, and consumed few computational times.
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