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Overcoming complex near-surface conditions for improved seismic imaging in Tarim Basin, China

Leading Edge 2025年第3期44卷 206-213页

作者： Zhao, ruirui Zheng, duoming Yang, Shanshan Zuo, Anxin Chen, Yangyang Zhu, Xianhuai Xu, Ken Gray, Sam PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Korla China CNPC R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development Xinjiang Korla China Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development Xinjiang China Forland Geophysical Services HoustonTX United States Viridien CalgaryAB Canada

Seismic imaging in the Tarim Basin, China, presents significant challenges due to complex near-surface conditions, including desert environments, foothills, and loess mountains. These challenges are comparable to those found in regions such as the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Andes Mountains, and other complex terrains worldwide. recent advancements in seismic imaging aimed at overcoming these obstacles include: (1) advanced constrained near-surface tomography, which has significantly enhanced the robustness of near-surface velocity-depth model estimation, leading to improved resolution of deep reservoir images;(2) a recent ultra-long-offset (greater than 15 km) experiment in the foreland basin of the Tarim Oilfield, demonstrating that more accurate and deeper near-surface velocity models can be generated on land using turning-ray tomography;(3) finite-frequency wavepath tomography, which has been proven through field data examples to be a robust alternative to traditional full-waveform inversion for land seismic data;and (4) integrated tomography, which combines diving waves and reflected seismic data to develop a comprehensive velocity model from shallow to deep sections for anisotropic prestack depth migration from topography. These technologies, developed for and applied to the Tarim Basin, can be applied, with modifications, to other land basins around the world. © 2025 by The Society of exploration Geophysicists.

关键词： Watersheds

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New progress and future exploration targets in petroleum geological research of ultra-deep clastic rocks in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin,NW China

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Petroleum exploration and development 2025年第1期52卷 79-94页

作者： WANG Qinghua YANG Haijun YANG Wei R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Research and Development CNPCKorla 841000China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChinaKorla 841000China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China

Significant exploration progress has been made in ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin,over recent years.A new round of comprehensive geological research has formed four new understandings:(1)Establish structural model consisting of multi-detachment composite,multi-stage structural superposition and multi-layer ***-stage structural traps are overlapped vertically,and a series of structural traps are discovered in underlying ultra-deep layers.(2)Five sets of high-quality large-scale source rocks of three types of organic phases are developed in the Triassic and Jurassic systems,and forming a good combination of source-reservoir-cap rocks in ultra-deep layers with three sets of large-scale regional reservoir and cap rocks.(3)The formation of large oil and gas fields is controlled by four factors which are source,reservoir,cap rocks and *** on the spatial configuration relationship of these four factors,a new three-dimensional reservoir formation model for ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa depression has been established.(4)The next key exploration fields for ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa depression include conventional and unconventional oil and *** conventional oil and gas fields include the deep multi-layer oil-gas accumulation zone in Kelasu,tight sandstone gas of Jurassic Ahe Formation in the northern structural zone,multi-target layer lithological oil and gas reservoirs in Zhongqiu–dina structural zone,lithologic-stratigraphic and buried hill composite reservoirs in south slope and other favorable *** oil and gas fields include deep coal rock gas of Jurassic Kezilenuer and Yangxia formations,Triassic Tariqike Formation and Middle-Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic continental shale *** achievements have important reference significance for enriching the theory of ultra-deep clastic rock oil and gas exploration and guiding the future oil and gas exploration deployment.

关键词： Tarim Basin Kuqa depression ultra-deep layers clastic rock multi-layer structural deformation multilayered migration and accumulation new three-dimensional accumulation model

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Study on the Seepage Characteristics of deep Tight reservoirs Considering the Effects of Creep

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Energy Engineering 2025年第5期122卷 1735-1754页

作者： Yongfu Liu Haitao Zhao Xingliang deng Baozhu Guan Jing Li Chengqiang Yang Guipeng Huang R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development China National Petroleum CorporationKorla841000China National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China

The seepage characteristics of shale reservoirs are influenced not only by multi-field coupling effects such as stress field,temperature field,and seepage field but also exhibit evident creep characteristics during oil and gas *** complex fluid flow in such reservoirs is analyzed using a combination of theoretical modeling and numerical *** study develops a comprehensive mathematical model that integrates the impact of creep on the seepage process,with consideration of factors including stress,strain,and time-dependent *** model is validated through a series of numerical experiments,which demonstrate the significant influence of creep on the seepage *** results indicate that the rock mechanical parameters and creep constitutive model were determined through triaxial compression tests and uniaxial creep tests.A creep-seepage coupling control equation for shale was established based on the Burgers creep *** absolute value of the volumetric strain of shale increases rapidly in the initial creep stage,and the increase in vertical stress accelerates the rock’s creep *** the deceleration creep stage,the volumetric strain of the reservoir increases rapidly,leading to a significant decrease in *** the stable creep stage,the pores and fractures in the rock are further compressed,causing a gradual reduction in permeability,which eventually stabilizes.

关键词： Tight reservoir mechanical parameter creep model multi-field coupling seepage characteristics

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Study on the Fluid-Solid Coupling Seepage of the deep Tight reservoir Based on 3d digital Core Modeling

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Energy Engineering 2025年第2期122卷 537-560页

作者： Haijun Yang Zhenzhong Cai Hui Zhang Chong Sun Jing Li Xiaoyu Meng Chen Liu Chengqiang Yang PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla841000China CNPC R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development Korla841000China National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Structure and Shipping Department Offshore Oil Engineering(Qingdao)Co.Ltd.Qingdao266520China

deep tight reservoirs exhibit complex stress and seepage fields due to varying pore structures,thus the seepage characteristics are significant for enhancing oil *** study conducted triaxial compression and permeability tests to investigate the mechanical and seepage properties of tight sandstone.A digital core of tight sandstone was built using Computed Tomography(CT)scanning,which was divided into matrix and pore phases by a pore equivalent diameter threshold.A fluid-solid coupling model was established to investigate the seepage characteristics at *** results showed that increasing the confining pressure decreased porosity,permeability,and flow velocity,with the pore phase becoming the dominant seepage *** and large pores closed first under increasing pressure,resulted in a steep drop in ***,permeability slightly decreased under high confining pressure,which followed a first-order exponential *** velocity increased with seepage *** the damage mainly occurred in stress-concentration regions under low seepage *** behavior followed linear darcy flow,the damage emerged at seepage entrances under high pressure,which decreased rock elastic modulus and significantly increased permeability.

关键词： digital core fluid-solid coupling pore structure microscopic seepage

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Innovative Fluid Characterization Methodology for ultradeep Tight reservoirs in different Formation Types: Tarim Basin Case Studies

Innovative Fluid Characterization Methodology for Ultradeep ...

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2025 International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC 2025

作者： Huan, Zhipeng Zhang, Wei Ni, Xiaowei Ai, Yong Cai, Liang Wang, Wei Wu, Jin Long Cao, Yingchang China University of Petroleum Shandong Qingdao China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Xinjiang Korla China R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development CNPC Xinjiang Korla China SLB Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025436

The Tarim Basin, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region of China, is renowned for its substantial oil and gas reserves. The geological formations in the basin span various geological periods, contributing to its rich hydrocarbon resources. The reservoir is located deep to more than 8000 meters vertically and consists of various lithologies. The reservoirs are rich in fractures but have tight petrophysical properties. Fluid identification is crucial to locate the sweet spot for exploration and development. resistivity is the most common and straight-forward method for fluid identification, however, because of the mixed effects from pore structure, the influence of the surrounding rocks formation, sedimentary dips, and far-end fractures etc., hydrocarbons and water cannot be easily distinguished based on the resistivity difference. In tight carbonates, the Archie equation is not a satisfactory solution due to the reservoir's strong heterogeneity in mineralogy and pore structure. The compressional coefficient and Poisson's ratio do not exhibit an obvious crossover effect because of the compaction effect on rock sonic waves. New wireline logging techniques were developed to provided non-electrical solutions, including T1-T2 based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMr), advanced spectroscopy and pulsed neutron measurements. T1-T2 based 2d NMr measurements provide porosity and permeability information from T2-based analysis. When used in conjunction with T1 -based measurements, fluid identification through different T1-T2 response offers an advantage for distinguishing hydrocarbons and water. The continuous measurement enables separation and quantitation of different fluids within the pore system throughout the entire interval of the targeted reservoir. Advanced spectroscopy uses both capture and inelastic gamma ray spectroscopy measurements, providing precise dry weights for elements and minerals, along with total organic carbon (TOC). It also provides thermal neutron

关键词： Proven reserves

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research on the Calculation Method of CO2 Storage Volume and its Application in L reservoir

Research on the Calculation Method of CO2 Storage Volume and...

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2025 International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC 2025

作者： Wu, Zangyuan Feng, Qihong Lian, Liming Meng, Xiangjuan Xu, YanLong Wang, Sen Wu, Kuankuan Zhou, Wei Luo, Min Li, Yang Fan, Jin Cheng, ronghong Wu, Mimi Huang, Xingning School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum East China China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla China R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development CNPC Korla China Research Institute of Petroleum E&D Petrochina CNPC Beijing China Chengdu CK Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025436

This paper addresses the difficulty in calculating CO2 storage volume due to the complexity of CO2 occurrence states in the CCUS process. A method for calculating CO2 storage volume is proposed, designing well networks throughout the entire lifecycle of CCUS to meet the demands of both CO2 EOr and storage stages. This extends the implementation time of CO2 EOr to enhance oil recovery and ensures effective CO2 storage while maximizing oil production, aligning with the global strategy of green and low-carbon development. Initially assuming that the pore volume of produced hydrocarbons is completely occupied by CO2 and considering dissolution retention and mineral reaction retention, the theoretical carbon storage volume of the target reservoir is predicted to determine the upper limit of storage volume. Building on flash calculation, utilizing equations of state-activity models, equations of state-equations of state models, and chemical reaction kinetics models, model parameters were fitted and corrected through experiments on CO2 multiphase non-isothermal flow, dissolution, solid-phase deposition, and mineral reactions to develop a CO2 storage volume prediction model and proprietary software. Finally, reliability verification was conducted using analogous block comparison methods. The technology proposed in this paper has been applied in the integrated CO2 EOr and storage scheme for the L reservoir, predicting saturation fields, solubility fields, and various storage mechanisms during the CO2 flooding and storage process and providing three-dimensional field changes. results indicate that the theoretical carbon storage upper limit for the L reservoir is 9.88 million tons;under current reservoir temperature and pressure conditions, CO2 dissolution loss in formation connate water is 0.05 t/m3, and in residual oil it is 0.32 t/t, resulting in an effective storage volume of 7.47 million tons (with analogous block comparison results at 7.78 million tons, verifying the rel

关键词： Oil well flooding

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Molecular Simulation Study of Gas–Water Adsorption Behavior and Mobility Evaluation in ultra-deep, High-Pressure Fractured Tight Sandstone reservoirs

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Energies 2025年第9期18卷 2175-2175页

作者： Liu, Yongfu Pei, Xuehao Yang, Fenglai Zhong, Junjie dai, Li Wang, Cuili Zhou, Tingya Li, Yijia Xiao, Sa Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla841000 China R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development China National Petroleum Corporation Korla841000 China Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Korla841000 China Qingdao266580 China Qingdao266555 China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-Deep Oil and Gas Korla841000 China Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and Development China National Petroleum Corporation Korla841000 China

Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, understanding the competitive adsorption and mobilization mechanisms of gas and water in fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs is crucial for optimizing the recovery factor. This study employs molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the adsorption behavior and mobilization characteristics of H2O and CH4 in 10 nm quartz nanopores under the conditions of the Keshen fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir. The results indicate that H2O exhibits strong adsorption on the quartz surface, forming two high-density adsorption layers with a thickness of approximately 0.6 nm, whereas CH4 forms three adsorption layers with a thickness of about 1.1 nm. Under gas–water coexistence conditions, the competitive adsorption effect of the water phase significantly influences the distribution of CH4. due to the hydrophilicity of the quartz wall, H2O molecules preferentially adsorb onto the wall surface, forming a stable water film that significantly inhibits CH4 adsorption. When the water saturation reaches 35%, water molecules form liquid bridges within the pores, segmenting the gas phase into different regions. As water saturation further increases, more stable liquid bridge structures develop, and microscopic water lock effects emerge, further restricting gas flow. during depletion development, H2O remains difficult to mobilize due to strong wall adsorption, with a recovery factor of only 7%. In contrast, CH4 exhibits high mobility, with a recovery factor of up to 75%. However, as water saturation increases from 30% to 70%, the recovery factor of CH4 decreases significantly from 75% to 29%, indicating that the water phase not only occupies pore space, but also exerts a blocking effect that significantly inhibits CH4 percolation and production. This study provides important theoretical support for the development strategies of ultra-deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs and offers key insights for improving the ultim

关键词： Nanopores

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Integrated Well Network design Mode for CO2 EOr and Storage and its Application in L reservoir

Integrated Well Network Design Mode for CO2 EOR and Storage ...

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2025 International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC 2025

作者： Wu, Zangyuan Tang, Yongliang Lian, Liming Zhou, daiyu Zhao, Haitao Shao, Guangqiang Feng, Qihong Zhou, Wei Li, Hong Bian, Wanjiang Zhang, Liang du, Hongbao Luo, Min Huang, Xingning Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Xinjiang Korla China R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development CNPC Xinjiang Korla China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum East China Qingdao China Research Institute of Petroleum E&D Petrochina CNPC Beijing China Chengdu CK Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Sichuan Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025436

This paper addresses the challenge of difficulty in adjusting late-stage production in water-flooded reservoirs and proposes an integrated well network design mode for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOr) and storage. The well network is designed according to the full life cycle of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), meeting the requirements of both CO2 EOr and storage phases. It extends the implementation time of CO2 EOr schemes to enhance oil recovery while ensuring effective CO2 storage, aligning with the overall strategy of global green and low-carbon development. The overall approach involves the use of a three-dimensional CO2 flooding injection and recovery well network, with progressive development in the vertical stratigraphic layers to maximize the utilization of existing old wells. The stratigraphic reconstruction involves the CO2 flooding injection and recovery well network, ensuring that new gas injection wells meet the requirements for CO2 injection processes and production rates, while also serving as replacements for gas injection in other stratigraphic layers. Production wells make use of the original old wells, and well completion methods are adjusted to achieve the development of replacement layers. The "top injection, middle production, bottom support" three-stage development method is designed to fully utilize the high points of reservoir microstructures and bottom water energy. Finally, well network optimization is achieved through streamline tracking simulation methods. The proposed technology has been applied in the CO2 enhanced oil recovery plan for the L reservoir. Initially focusing on CO2 flooding for oil recovery and shifting to CO2 storage later, it is projected to achieve a cumulative CO2 injection of tens of millions of tons over 46 years (including 40% recycled injection), with a displacement factor reaching 1.57PV. After deducting the recycled carbon amount, the cumulative carbon storage exceeds 6 million tons, affecting a vo

关键词： Crude oil

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Intelligent evaluation of sandstone rock structure based on a visual large model

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Petroleum exploration and development 2025年第2期52卷 548-558页

作者： rEN, Yili ZENG, Changmin LI, Xin LIU, Xi HU, Yanxu SU, Qianxiao WANG, Xiaoming LIN, Zhiwei ZHOU, Yixiao ZHENG, Zilu HU, Huiying YANG, Yanning HUI, Fang PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing 100083 China Artificial Intelligence Technology R&D Center of Exploration and Development CNPC Beijing 100083 China National Key Laboratory for Multi-resources Collaborative Green Production of Continental Shale Oil Daqing 163000 China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla 841000 China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas Korla 841000 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company Renqiu 062552 China Peking University Beijing 100871 China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company No.6 Oil Production Plant Xi'an 710200 China

Existing sandstone rock structure evaluation methods rely on visual inspection, with low efficiency, semi-quantitative analysis of roundness, and inability to perform classified statistics in particle size analysis. This study presents an intelligent evaluation method for sandstone rock structure based on the Segment Anything Model (SAM). By developing a lightweight SAM fine-tuning method with rank-decomposition matrix adapters, a multispectral rock particle segmentation model named CoreSAM is constructed, which achieves rock particle edge extraction and type identification. Building upon this, we propose a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for rock structure, assessing parameters including particle size, sorting, roundness, particle contact and cementation types. The experimental results demonstrate that CoreSAM outperforms existing methods in rock particle segmentation accuracy while showing excellent generalization across different image types such as CT scans and core photographs. The proposed method enables full-sample, classified particle size analysis and quantitative characterization of parameters like roundness, advancing reservoir evaluation towards more precise, quantitative, intuitive, and comprehensive development. © 2025 research Institute of Petroleum exploration & development, PetroChina

关键词： fine-tuning intelligent evaluation particle edge extraction rock structure sandstone Segment Anything Model type identification

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drilling design and Optimization Technology for ultra deep Wells in Tarim Oilfield:A Case Study of Well Take-1, the deepest Well in Asia 58

Drilling Design and Optimization Technology for Ultra Deep W...

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58th US rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2024, ArMA 2024

作者： ChunSheng, Wang ShaoBo, Feng Zhi, Zhang Bo, Zhou XiaoLiang, Wang XiaoGang, Lv JinLong, Liu Bao, Zhou R&D Center for Ultra Deep Complex Reservior Exploration and Development CNPC Korla China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331305086

The Tarim Basin is a Precambrian superimposed composite *** main source rocks are characterized by ultra-deep and ancient *** 2023, based on the dual goals of oil and gas discovery and scientific exploration, Tarim Oilfield proposed the deepest exploration target in China named Take-1, to explore deeper carbonate oil and gas reservoirs under the Fuman Oilfield, with a designed vertical depth of 11,100 *** order to achieve drilling goals safely and efficiently, pioneering work has been done in drilling *** drilling design is based on comprehensive geological engineering *** design of the upper casing reaches the deepest depth in the area, and engineering technical measures are adopted to achieve the drilling of multiple sets of *** force of wellhead tools on ultra-long and overweight casing is simulated and calculated to avoid the casing entering the plastic deformation state during the running *** parameters and vibration effects shall be fully considered during the design of drilling tool assembly to realize safe *** research and field implementation progress show that the key technology of the drilling design of Take-1 can solve the series of drilling difficulties faced and achieve the goal of the 10,000-meter drilling project. Copyright 2024 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： deep oil well drilling

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