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SSrN 2025年

作者： Ji, Xingkai Gu, Kaihao Wang, Hairui Zhou, Tuo Wu, Xiaomei Yan, Shengjie Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai200433 China of Shanghai Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Assistive Devices Shanghai200433 China Yiwu Research Institute Fudan University Chengbei Road Yiwu City322000 China Cardiac Electrophysiology R&D Center APT Medical Inc. Shenzhen518057 China

Background and Objective: As a non-thermal ablation modality, pulsed field ablation (PFA) has been widely applied in solid tumor treatment and cardiac ablation. Multiple factors are known to influence the effects of PFA, including pulse parameters, catheter configurations, and tissue properties. However, limited attention has been paid to the impact of discharge modes on ***: A sequential discharge mode (M2) was designed based on a multi-electrode ablation catheter and compared with the conventional simultaneous discharge mode (M1). To evaluate the ablation efficacy of different modes, three-dimensional ablation models incorporating two multi-electrode catheter configurations (circular and linear) were established. A comparative numerical simulation analysis was conducted to investigate the electric potential and field distribution characteristics of M1 and M2, followed by animal experiments to validate the simulation results. The comprehensive performance of the two discharge modes was assessed in terms of ablation efficacy and muscle ***: M2 demonstrated superior ablation efficacy over M1 in both catheter configurations. For the circular catheter, significant improvements were observed in minimum lesion depth (M1: 2.08 ± 0.10 mm vs. M2: 2.64 ± 0.46 mm, p = 0.006) and lesion uniformity (M1: 0.59 ± 0.08 vs. M2: 0.72 ± 0.14, p = 0.017). Similarly, the linear catheter showed improved minimum lesion depth (M1: 2.81 ± 0.21 mm vs. M2: 3.41 ± 0.44 mm, p = 0.001) and lesion uniformity (M1: 0.75 ± 0.09 vs. M2: 0.88 ± 0.09, p = 0.003). This advantage may be attributed to M2's higher pulsed energy output and optimized ablation strategy. Notably, although M2 induced slightly higher muscle contraction amplitudes than M1, both modes maintained low contraction levels without significantly compromising ablation efficacy. Specifically, peak accelerations were recorded as M1: 0.030 ± 0.028 g vs. M2: 0.039 ± 0.016 g (p = 0.369) for the circular catheter and M1

关键词： Catheters

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The Fine Structure of the Fischer–Tropsch Mechanism on Χ-Fe5c2(510) Based on the Hydrogen Coverage Effect

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SSrN 2022年

作者： ren, Jie Ai, Ning Ou, dong Yu, Yingzhe College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Investigating the mechanism of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is beneficial for modifying catalysts, which would result in an improved catalyst performance. However, theoretical calculations have mainly focused on several key elementary reactions and have thus provided fragmented information. Here, we select χ-Fe5C2(510) as representative facet and consider the elementary reactions on as comprehensively as possible via the density-functional theory (dFT)-based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) method to generate the fine structure of the Fischer–Tropsch mechanism. The results reveal that the CO activation mechanism is divided into cyclical pathways and termination pathways. The chain growth process and chain dissociation process coexist in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis while the former follows the CO insertion mechanism, and the latter follows the carbide mechanism. The product methane and ethylene are major produced in the chain dissociation process possibly rather than the chain grown process thought before. The deep interpretation of the Fischer–Tropsch mechanism from the fine structure could be the guidance to experimentalists in mechanism verification or catalyst design. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen

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Near-field Channel Estimation for dynamic Metamaterial Antenna Systems

Near-field Channel Estimation for Dynamic Metamaterial Anten...

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International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

作者： Shifei Wang Shuming Guo Zhiqing Tang Gangtao Han Lingfeng Shen School of Cyber Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou CN National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center Zhengzhou CN School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou CN China Information Technology Designing & Consulting Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing CN

The next generation of wireless technology, 6G, will likely incorporate advanced technologies such as extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAA) and millimeter wave (mmWave) communication. These cutting-edge features have the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate wirelessly, near-field communication (NFC) can not be ignored in future 6G mobile networks. Compared to far-field communication, the waves that propagate in the near-field region have a spherical wavefront. By utilizing the time agile of dMA and the correlation between near-field guidance vectors, we propose a novel channel estimation algorithm. Compared with the classic two-dimensional (2d) multiple signal classifier (MUSIC) algorithm, this algorithm effectively reduces computational complexity and ensures estimation accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme achieves the expected results.

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direct Microenvironment Modulation of CO2 Electroreduction: Negatively Charged Ag Sites Going beyond Catalytic Surface reactions

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Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2024年第37期63卷 e202408580页

作者： dai, ruoyun Sun, Kaian Shen, rongan Fang, Jinjie Cheong, Weng-Chon Zhuang, Zewen Zhuang, Zhongbin Zhang, Chao Chen, Chen Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technology Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Technology R&D Center CNOOC Gas & Power Group Beijing100028 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality, and much effort has been devoted to the design of active sites. Apart from elevating the intrinsic activity, expanding the functionality of active sites may also boost catalytic performance. Here we designed "negatively charged Ag (nc-Ag)" active sites featuring both the intrinsic activity and the capability of regulating microenvironment, through modifying Ag nanoparticles with atomically dispersed Sn species. different from conventional active sites (which only mediate the surface processes by bonding with the intermediates), the nc-Ag sites could also manipulate environmental species. Therefore, the sites could not only activate CO2, but also regulate interfacial H2O and CO2, as confirmed by operando spectroscopies. The catalyst delivers a high current density with a CO faradaic efficiency of 97 %. Our work here opens up new opportunities for the design of multifunctional electrocatalytic active sites. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Organic Solvents Tuned Polymer derived-Sulfonated Microporous Carbon Structures Enable resource regeneration and recovery in Flow Capacitive deionization

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SSrN 2024年

作者： Wei-Song, Hung Subrahmanya, T.M. Gua, Liang-Yan Austria, Hannah Faye M. Huang, Tsung-Han Wang, Chih-Feng Hu, Chien-Chieh Lee, Kueir-rarn Lai, Juin-Yih Advanced membrane materials research center Graduate Institute of Applied science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Packaging and Testing National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804201 Taiwan R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan University Chung-Li32023 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan32023 Taiwan

The demand for freshwater and energy in today's society is growing rapidly. Although current desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are widely used, their high energy consumption remains a major challenge. recently emerged desalination technology called Flow Capacitive deionization (FCdI), offers advantages such as low energy consumption, low pollution, electrode regeneration, and continuous operation. FCdI primarily utilizes activated carbon as the material for flow electrode, with less research focused on other carbon materials and modifications. Herein, three different solvents induced polyacrylonitrile (PAN) derived microporous carbon structures were tested as flow-electrodes. The carbon structures were sulfonated under different temperatures to explore their impact on desalination. Additionally, by connecting an external capacitor in different operating modes, the charging efficiency and energy recovery during the desalination process were evaluated. The PAN-C@ACE_S150 as flow-electrode exhibited lower ion transfer resistance and higher desalination efficiency. Under short-circuited closed cycle (SCC) operation mode, the average desalination rate within 30 minutes reached to 0.19 mmol/m2s, approximately 2.5 times higher than that of commercial activated carbon (0.07 mmol/m2s). In Isolated Closed-cycle (ICC) mode, a charging efficiency of 75.73% was achieved, successfully charging the capacitor from 0 V to 1.02 V and 0 V to 0.6 V with and without system power supply, respectively. These results demonstrated that the PAN-C@ACE_S150 can enhance the desalination capability of the system and enables harvesting electrical energy during the desalination, achieving the regeneration of fresh water and energy. This opens up new research directions for future advancements in desalination and energy recovery. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： desalination

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Ecological restoration of Soil Plant System by Earthworms based on Image Segmentation Algorithm

Ecological Restoration of Soil Plant System by Earthworms ba...

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International Conference on Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon)

作者： Narendra B Mustare Priscilla Whitin B. Nisha Bhagwati G. Galande Bala Sundara Ganapathy N Aoudumber d. Londhe Department Of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering CVR College of Engineering Hyderabad Department of EEE Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Avadi Chennai Department of Computer Applications Noorul Islam Center for Higher Education Kumaracoil Department of Information Technology Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering Pune Department of Information Technology Panimalar Engineering College Nazarethpet Poonamallee Chennai

The life activities of earthworms, such as feeding, burrowing and excreting metabolites, may have direct or indirect effects on soil properties and chemical behavior of heavy metals in soil. By studying the growth and changes of plant roots, we can get the ecological parameters of plant growth environment, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation and evapotranspiration, and help us study various meteorological conditions. Based on digital image processing technology and knowledge of plant root structure, this paper designs a simulation model of earthworm ecological restoration of soil plant system based on image segmentation algorithm. In this paper, the automatic segmentation method of plant root system image is mainly divided into three steps, that is, firstly, the green component image of root system image is enhanced by Gaussian matched filter, then the center line of root system is extracted by Hessian matrix method from the processed image, and finally the root system pixels are detected. The results show that the error rate of this algorithm is reduced by 2.36% and 4.88% respectively compared with the comparison algorithm, which further demonstrates the effectiveness of this algorithm, and completely realizes the segmentation of plant roots.

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Evaluation of Transmission Line Properties on Si-CMOS Chip by Probe Backside reflection Method in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Evaluation of Transmission Line Properties on Si-CMOS Chip b...

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IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan

作者： ryo Sakamaki Seitaro Kon Ichiro Somada Takeshi Yoshida Shuhei Amakawa Minoru Fujishima AIST / Hiroshima University Measurement / Groudate school of Advanced Science and Engineering Research Institute of Physical Tsukuba Higashi-Hiroshima Japan Research Institute of Physical Measurement AIST Tsukuba Japan Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Information technology R&D Center Kamakura Japan Groudate school of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350377811

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377828

In this study, we demonstrate the evaluation of effective dielectric constant $(\varepsilon_{\text{eff}})$ and quality factor $(\boldsymbol{Q})$ of transmission lines (TLs) on a Si-CMOS chip using the probe backside reflection (PBr) method in the frequency range up to 220 GHz. The both properties are known to be influenced by distribution of dummy metals around a TL as well as dimensions of a TL. The PBr method is expected to reduce occupied chip area compares to the conventional thru-reflect-line (TrL) method, because the PBr method requires only one co-planar waveguide (CPW) for the evaluation. Three types of the TLs with different cross-sectional structures were designed, and those $\varepsilon_{\text{eff}}$ and $\boldsymbol{Q}$ were evaluated by the PBr method. These results were qualitatively corresponded to the simulation results. relationship between measurement accuracy and occupied chip area was compared to the conventional TrL method. The PBr method has a possibility to reduce occupied chip area for evaluation of the TL properties.

关键词： Q-factor Semiconductor device measurement Power transmission lines Simulation Millimeter wave measurements Millimeter wave technology Transmission line measurements reflection Frequency measurement Probes

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Application of Various Nitriding Processes to Improve the Electrical resistance of Al-Added 52100 Bearing Steel

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Choi, dong-Jun Ko, Yoon Seok Shim, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Young-Su Kang, Minwoo Kim, donghwi Han, Heung Nam Hong, Seung-Hyun Kim, dong-Ik and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Materials Research & Engineering Center R&D Division Automotive Hyundai Motor Group Uiwang-si16082 Korea Republic of

Two ASTM A295 52100 bearing steels with different concentrations of Al (0.02 and 1.90 wt %) were nitrided by three processes: pure nitriding (gas), oxynitriding (gas) and salt bath nitriding. To assess their electrical performance, the area-specific resistance (ASr) of the surface was measured by the four-point probe method. The microstructure of the surface layer was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (Xrd), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the ASr of the non-nitrided sample was only approximately 0.005 Ω·㎠, but it became larger after all nitriding processes. Among the 0.02 wt% Al-added samples, the greatest ASr was approximately 30 Ω·㎠ for the sample nitrided in a salt bath, which can be ascribed to the large amount of oxides (Fe3O4) in the compound layer that exhibits higher electrical resistivity than other nitrides (Ε-Fe3N and γ′-Fe4N) observed in the pure or oxynitrided samples. Additionally, the addition of Al significantly increased the ASr in the salt bath nitrided sample, which indicated that the Al2O3 formed along the pores in the compound layer played an important role in improving the electrical resistance. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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On the Nonlinearity of Piston-Mode Gap resonance

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Song, Zhiwei Lu, Lin Tang, Guoqiang Lou, Xiaofan Liu, Yong State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China R&D Center of Hydro-ecology and Smart Water Technology Research Institute of Tsinghua Pearl River Delta Guangzhou510530 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China

Wave-induced fluid resonance in a narrow gap between two rectangular hulls in a side-by-side arrangement is numerically investigated based on a fully nonlinear potential flow model in the time domain. In particular, we mainly focus on the nonlinearity in the piston-mode gap resonance problem. The performance of the numerical model in predicting nonlinear responses is well verified by benchmarks. The fluid mass system within the narrow gap is confirmed to be a nonlinear oscillator with hardening stiffness. Corresponding quadratic and cubic stiffness nonlinearities are theoretically derived and quantified based on the concept of the equilibrium point in the context of nonlinear dynamics. Further harmonic analysis by the Fourier transformation provides the contributions of the first-, second-, and third-order harmonics to the generations of quadratic and cubic stiffness nonlinearities. Finally, the origins of the higher-order harmonics in the nonlinear response are clarified to be the nonzero slope of the instantaneous free surface ∂η/∂x ≠ 0. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

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Organic Solvents Tuned Polymer derived-Sulfonated Microporous Carbon Structures Enable resource regeneration and recovery in Flow Capacitive deionization

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SSrN 2024年

作者： Wei-Song, Hung Subrahmanya, T.M. Liang-Yan, Gua Austria, Hannah Faye M. Huang, Tsung-Han Wang, Chih-Feng Hu, Chien-Chieh Lee, Kueir-rarn Lai, Juin-Yih Advanced membrane materials research center Graduate Institute of Applied science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Packaging and Testing National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804201 Taiwan R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan University Chung-Li32023 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan32023 Taiwan

The demand for freshwater and energy in today's society is growing rapidly. Although current desalination technologies such as rO and electrodialysis are widely used, their high energy consumption remains a major challenge. Flow Capacitive deionization (FCdI), offers advantages such as low energy consumption, low pollution, electrode regeneration, and continuous operation. Herein, three different solvents induced polyacrylonitrile derived microporous carbon structures were tested as flow-electrodes. The carbon structures were sulfonated to explore their impact on desalination. Additionally, by connecting an external capacitor in different operating modes, the charging efficiency and energy recovery during the desalination process were evaluated. The PAN-C@ACE_S150 as flow-electrode exhibited lower ion transfer resistance and higher desalination efficiency. Under SCC operation mode, the average desalination rate within 30 minutes reached to 0.19 mmol/m2s, approximately 2.5 times higher than that of commercial activated carbon (0.07 mmol/m2s). In ICC mode, a charging efficiency o75.73% was achieved, successfully charging the capacitor from 0 V to 1.02 V and 0 V to 0.6 V with and without system power supply, respectively. These results demonstrated that the PAN-C@ACE_S150 can enhance the desalination capability of the system and enables harvesting electrical energy during the desalination process, achieving the regeneration of fresh water and energy. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： desalination

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