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SEAKEEPING PErFOrMANCE COMPArISON OF AIr CAPABLE SHIPS

NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1982年第2期94卷 101-117页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN BALES, SL GENTILE, dM Mr. Edward N. Comstock:is currently Head of the Hull Form Design and Performance Branch (SEA 3213) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S.E. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his career with theU.S. Navyin 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center. Achieving his present position in January 1982 Mr. Comstock was previously Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section of SEA 3213 being responsible for recent hull form designs including DDG-51 MCM-1 and ARS-50. Before obtaining that position in 1979 Mr. Comstock's efforts were primarily aimed at developing and establishing seakeeping performance assessment and design practices. Prior to his employment by the Navy Mr. Comstock worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamics Group of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. A member of ASNE he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel SNAME HS-12 (Hull Instrumentation) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NATO Armaments Group IEG6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Ms. Susan L. Bales:has been associated with the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC) and its predecessor organizations throughout her professional career. She is currently Head of the Ocean Environment Group of the DTNSRDC Surface Ship Dynamics Branch (1561) and also serves as the DTNSRDC Program Manager of the Navy's Exploratory Development Program on Surface Waves. Her work documented by more than fifty technical publications has been directed primarily to ship seakeeping ocean environment and ship performance assessment problems. An internationally recognized authority in her field she is also active in several professional societies as well as the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NA

The on-going debate regarding the merits of large versus small aircraft carriers raises several issues concerning the ability of various ship configurations to support sea based air operations. One such issue is the question of the relative seakeeping performance of ship alternatives. In an effort to shed some light on the matter, a comparative seakeeping assessment of nine air capable ships covering a wide range of size and hull form was performed. An evaluation of the impact of aircraft and ship motion limitations on sea based air operations and a comparison of the relative ability of the ships to conduct air operations while in a seaway are presented. The specific air operations considered are launch, recovery, and support of aircraft. The ships evaluated are CVN-71, CVA-67 (Mr), CVV, LHA-1, VSS-d, ddV-2, ddV-1d, dd-963, and SWATH-6. These ships have the combined capability to operate Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL), Conventional Takeoff and Landing (CTOL), Short Takeoff and Arrested Landing (STOAL), and Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (STOVL) type aircraft. results indicate that seakeeping performance generally degrades with decreasing displacement, that SWATH-6 performance is the least degraded, that elevator wetness can be an important degrader for ships with lower freeboards, that roll motion can be an important degrader for ships under 60,000 tons, and that percent time of operation is strongly dependent on the prevailing wave and wind environment.

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ON OPTIMIZATION OF UNdErWATEr HULL CLEANING FOr GrEATEr FUEL-ECONOMY

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1981年第1期93卷 45-52页

作者： PrEISEr, HS LASTEr, dr Mr. Herman S. Preiser:has been the Head of the Coatings Application Branch Ship Materials Engineering Department David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since 1971 and has been associated with corrosion erosion and fouling control of ships for the past thirty years. From 1950 until 1960 he was a Corrosion Engineer in the former U.S. Navy's Bureau of Ships where he specialized in cathodic protection. From 1961 until 1970 he was the Principal Research Scientist (Materials) for Hydranautics Inc. Laurel Md. A registered Professional Engineer in the state of Maryland he joined ASNE in 1957. In addition he is a member of SNAME. the National Association of Corrosion Engineers and the Electrochemical Society. Mr. Preiser has written extensively in the technical literature and holds 25 U.S. Patents on various corrosion and fouling control methods and devices. Mr. Donald R. Laster:received his B.S. degree in Physics from the University of South Carolina in 1960 and his M.S. degree in Physics from the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1968. He has been employed at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since 1960 working in sensing systems applications and technology such as nonacoustic ASW ship performance measurement and fuel use analysis. A member of ASNE since 1980 he also is a member of IEEE and Sigma Pi Sigma.

The rapidly increasing cost and the uncertain supply of oil provide strong impetus to And ways to conserve ships' fuel and to optimize its use. Underwater mechanical removal of marine fouling from U.S. Navy ship hulls and propellers has been shown to result in immediate and rather substantial fuel savings. The long-term savings from underwater cleaning is not nearly so certain because of the interactions between the cleaning techniques, paint performance, and regrowth of the fouling. Of particular interest is the sensitivity of the fuel savings as a function of cleaning frequency. The following three questions are addressed: does underwater cleaning lengthen Anti-Fouling (AF) paint service life? does underwater cleaning really save fuel? Is underwater cleaning cost effective? The answers to these questions obviously depend strongly upon the use of the ships and the manner in which they are operated. For U.S. Navy ships, underwater hull cleaning will save fuel provided adequate attention is given to the scheduling of the cleaning in terms of drydock cycle and deployment. Additional efforts toward optimization of underwater cleaning also are discussed.

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SHIP dESIGN ANd THE NAVY LABOrATOrY

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1981年第2期93卷 33-46页

作者： ELLSWOrTH, WM CLArK, dJ Mr. William M. Ellsworth:is graduate of the State University of Iowa from which he received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering majoring in Fluid Mechanics. Upon graduation in 1948 he joined the Staff of the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) and during the following ten years held various positions in the Hydromechanics Laboratory. In 1958 he left his position as Head of the Towing Problems Branch and joined Cleveland Pneumatic Industries which later became Pneumo Dynamics Corporation (PDC). He was General Manager of PDC's Systems Engineering Division and in 1961 became a corporate Vice President. In 1964 he returned to DTMB where he became the Technical Manager of the Hydrofoil Development Program Office. In October 1969 he was appointed to his present position of Associate Technical Director for Systems Development and Head Systems Development Department David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the state of Maryland an Honorary Life Member of ASNE and a Fellow of ASME. He also has been the author of a number of papers and reports in the field of Naval Engineering and has served as a member of the ASNE Council from 1972 to 1974 was a member of the ASNE Flagship Section Council (1977-80) and is currently a member of the ASNE Honors and Awards Committee. He became a member of ASNE in 1960 and received his Honorary Life Membership when he was awarded the ASNE Gold Medal for 1973 at ASNE Day 1974. Dennis J. Clark:received his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from City College of New York in 1963. Upon graduating he joined DTMB's Structural Mechanics Laboratory where he worked on a number of full-scale trials of surface ships evaluating the structural integrity of icebreakers sonar domes and Hydrofoils. He eventually was responsible for the entire structural research program in support of the Hydrofoil Advanced Development Office and in 1971 joined the Hydrofoil Program Office as the Manager of Systems Integration. In that capacity he

In today's environment of rapidly escalating costs, increasing technological complexity, and growing threat, we must actively seek ways to improve our effectiveness in applying limited resources to the design of Navy ships. One important aspect of this process involves the development and application of new technology to ship design. An exhaustive treatment of this subject is clearly beyond the scope of a single technical paper. It is the Authors' objective, however, to acquaint the reader with the nature and role of the Navy's Laboratory Community in general and dTNSrdC in particular; to examine some recent initiatives taken at dTNSrdC and some key issues; and, hopefully, to contribute in some small way to the building of a stronger constructive partnership between ship development and design activities. The view is that from the perspective of a Navy Laboratory and pertains to the design of the ship itself as opposed to the weapons system.

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SEAKEEPING BY dESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1980年第2期92卷 157-178页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN KEANE, rG Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32132) of the Hull Form Design Performance and Stability Branch Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his professional career with the U.S. Navy in 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center being involved in improving the design of naval ships through the integration of R&D technology advances into the ship design process. His efforts prior to 1980 were mainly aimed at developing and establishing Seakeeping Performance Assessment and Design Practices. Other responsibilities have included numerous ship performance investigations in still water and in the sea environment in support of ship design and specific Fleet problems. Prior to his employment by the Navy he worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamic Groups of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. There his activities spanned the areas of Submarine structural and Hydrodynamic Design and Construction. A member of ASNE since 1978. he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF). and the NATO Naval Armaments Group 6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Mr. Robert G. Keane Jr. is presently Head of the Hull Form Design. Performance and Stability Branch (SEA 3213). Ship Design and Integration Directorate (SEA 03). Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received his B.E.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in 1962. his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1967. and his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. Additionally he has done graduate work in Management Science and Operations Research at The Johns Ho

“Seakeeping … is the ability of our ships to go to sea, and Successfully and safely execute their missions despite adverse environmental factors.” — VAdm. r.E. Adamson. USN In June 1975, VAdm. r.E. Adamson, USN, then Commander Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, addressed the participants of the Seakeeping Workshop [1] and established what has come to be a most profound definition of seakeeping as it relates to the U.S. Navy. In those few words he identified the two major issues facing the operator today and provided the focus for all subsequent seakeeping efforts within the design community at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). For it is these two hues of mission sum and safety at sea which are addressed within NAVSEA, for each new ship design and for ships in the Fleet, in terms of: SEAKEEPING PErFOrMANCE — Ability to execute mission in a sea environment, and SEAWOrTHINESS — Ability to survive in an extreme sea environment. In the past, the design of ships exhibiting superior seakeeping performance and seaworthiness and seaworthiness has been looked upon by many as an art or an academic exercise. The objective of this paper then is to demonstrate clearly that the ability of our ships to execute their missions successfully and safely in a sea environment is not by chance but by design.

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STOL — THE POTENTIAL OF THE CIrCULATION CONTrOL WING CONCEPT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1979年第2期91卷 99-108页

作者： ENGLAr, rOBErT J. The Author received his BS degree in Aerospace Engineering from Virginia Polytechnic institute and his MS degree in the same field from the University of Maryland. He has conducted the majority of the subsonic and transonic investigations of the blown airfoil sections which have led to the development of both the Circulation Control Wing and the Rotor Concepts at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. Having worked in the fields of both helicopter and V/STOL aircraft he is now the Program Manager on the A-6/Circulation Control Wing (CCW) Flight Demonstration Program which is primarily intended to apply this new concept in high lift technology to provide STOL capability for Navy Carrier-Based Aircraft. He also holds a number of invention disclosures related to various applications of Circulation Control Aerodynamics and is a member of the American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics where he has published and presented several papers on the CCW Concept.

In order to develop advanced aircraft for operation from smaller air‐capable ships, research and development are being conducted at the david W. Taylor Naval Ship research and development center to investigate the Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) capability of the Circulation Control Wing concept. This high lift system employs tangential blowing over the rounded wing trailing edge, and can more than double the lifting capability of conventional high performance aircraft. The resulting reduced takeoff and landing speeds and distances can produce a significant favorable impact on the design of future aircraft‐carrying ships and operations from these vessels. Based on these promising benefits, a program is underway to demonstrate the STOL capability of the concept applied to a full‐scale A‐6 flight demonstrator aircraft. The present paper addresses experimental development of this vehicle, details of the full‐scale aircraft modifications, and predicted STOL performance benefits for future sea‐based aircraft so equipped. © 1979 American Society of Naval Engineers

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SHIP SYSTEM SEAKEEPING EVALUATION - STOCHASTIC APPrOACH

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1979年第6期91卷 33-46页

作者： JOHNSON, rA CArACOSTAS, NP COMSTOCK, EN Mr. Robert A. Johnson is currently a Naval Architect in the Hull Group (SEA 32) Ship Design and Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959 his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965 and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970 all from Pennsylvania State University. In 1973 he was selected for the Navy's Long-Term Training Program at the University of Michigan from which he received his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his professional career at the Ordnance Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he was involved in the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow-induced structural vibrations. Subsequently he joined HRB-Singer at State College Pennsylvania in 1967 as a Research Engineer and in 1969 joined the former Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) where he was employed in the Submarine Structures Branch Surface Ship Structures Branch and the Performance and Stability Branch of the Hull Division. Currently he is the CASDAC Hull System Technical Director and also Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32133) Naval Architecture Division Naval Sea Systems Command a member of ASE SNAME and Tau Beta Pi and one of the Navy Subcommittee Members of the Ship Structures Committee. Mr. Nicholas P. Casacostas is currently a Section Chief for Naval Architecture in the Washington D.C. office of M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. His professional career has been in both Navy and commercially related fields and he has had published several technical papers dealing with the subjects of Ship Propulsion and Hydrodynamics as well as Shipping Economics and Operations. A member of ASNE since 1977 he also is a member of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects and SNAME and presently serving on the latter's H-2 (Resistance and Propulsion) Panel. Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently a Seakeeping Speciali

The recent trend in Naval Forces has been a shrinking Fleet in both numbers and ship size. This dictates that our ships must have greater operational effectiveness if the Navy is to continue to carry out its mission in the future as it has done in the past. The seakeeping performance of a ship is a major determinant of its overall operational effectiveness. The methodology presented in this paper is a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of a ship's seakeeping performance. The scope of this methodology encompasses the assessment of ship mission scenarios and the relative importance of associated mission requirements as well as the probabilistic description of the uncertainties imposed by the variable ocean environment. The methodology is presented in a general sense so that the seakeeping performance of a ship's configuration can be evaluated as a function of mission scenario, mission area, sea state, ship heading, and speed. In order to utilize the full potential of the methodology, more refined scenario descriptions and more accurate environment specifications must be obtained. A simplified example is presented in which a comparison of the operational effectiveness of two small hull forms is made, using information now available to the designer. It is anticipated that the methodology presented can be used not only as a powerful tool in the decision-making process of practical ship design, but also as the basis for parametric studies of mission strategies.

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WEIGHT dISTrIBUTION CATEGOrIZATION FOr MILITArY VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1978年第6期90卷 67-72页

作者： TEITLEr, S PrOOdIAN, rE Dr. Sidney Teitler after receiving his Ph.D. in Physics from Syracuse University joined the Staff of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) where he carried out studies in various areas of experimental and theoretical Physics. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and from 1966 until 1967 spent a Sabbatical Leave at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen. Denmark. At present he divides his time between technical and management activities as Head of the Program and Resource Analysis Office at NRL. Mr. Robert E. Proodianreceived his BS degree in Plastics Technology from the Lowell Technological Institute and is currently enrolled in the Graduate School (Center for Technology and Administration) at The American University. He joined the Non—Metallic Materials Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) in 1968 where he was engaged in the technical management of R&D for new polymer systems for the Navy. In 1974 he joined NRL as a Program Liaison Officer for the Chemistry Division and in 1976 he was transferred to his present position in the Laboratory's Program and Resource Analysis Office.

The paper presents a compact method for displaying vehicle weight distributions and utilizes this in a discussion of design “trade—offs” for military vehicles.

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A theory for predicting the maximum spoutable height in a spouted bed

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The Canadian Journal of Chemical engineering 1977年第5期55卷 497-501页

作者： Littman, Howard Morgan, Morris H. Vuković, d.V. Zdanski, F.K. Grbavčić, Ž.B. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York United States General Electric Corporate R&D Center Schenectady New York 12301 United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Belgrade Belgrade Department of Chemical Engineering Institute for Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy United States

A theory is presented for predicting the maximum spoutable height, in a spouted bed where fluidization of the annular solids limits the penetration of the fluid jet entering the bed. The quantity (H_md_s/(d c2 – d s2) is found to be a function of d_s/d_c only for spherical particles and (Formula Presented.) where the spout diameter is calculated using McNab's correlation⁷. Insertion of McNab's correlation into Equation (1) shows that H_m is proportional to d c1,45 and the effect of d_p on H_m varies from d p−1.35 to d p−0.338 as the particle reynolds number increases assuming 1 ≥ (d_s/d c2). Using experimental value of d_s, the calculated values of H_m differ from the experimental ones by 8.5% on average. When small particles are spouted with air, the penetration of the jet is limited by the formation of a slug in he spout and the theoretical value provides an upper limit for H_m. Copyright © 1977 Canadian Society for Chemical engineering

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Atmospheric Water Harvesting development and Challenges 1

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丛书名： Water Science and technology Library

1000年

作者： Elvis Fosso-Kankeu Ali Al Alili Hemant Mittal Bhekie Mamba

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High Pressure Processing of Food 1

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丛书名： Food engineering Series

1000年

作者： V.M. Balasubramaniam Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas Huub L.M. Lelieveld

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