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review on Security defense Technology research in Edge Computing Environment

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 1-18页

作者： Ke SHANG Weizhen HE Shuai ZHANG National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center

Edge computing, which achieves quick data processing by sinking data computing and storage to the network edge, has grown rapidly along with the Internet of things. The new network architecture of edge computing brings new security challenges. Based on this, this paper investigates the edge computing security literature published in recent years and summarizes and analyzes research work on edge computing security from different attack surfaces. We start with the definition and architecture of edge computing. From the attack surface between device and edge server, as well as on edge servers, the research describes the security threats and defense methods of edge computing. In addition, the cause of the attack and the pros and cons of defense methods is introduced. The challenges and future research directions of edge computing are given.

关键词： Edge computing Security Threat defense Architecture Attack surface

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Experimental Study for Effect of Multi-Site Spark Ignition on dedicated Hybrid Engine Performance under High dilution Condition

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 254-267页

作者： YAN Bowen WATErS Benjamin HAINES Andrew MCGHEE Mike HU Tiegang dENG Wei PU Yongxian MA Tianyu Powertrain Engineering R&D Center Chongqing Changan Automobile Co.Ltd.Chongqing 400000China Changan UK R&D Centre Limited Birmingham B377YGUnited Kingdom

In this study,a triple spark ignition scheme was first designed on a three-cylinder 1.5-L dedicated hybrid engine(dHE).On this basis,the effect of different ignition modes on engine combustion and emission characteristics was studied,especially under high dilution *** results tested at 2000 r/min and 0.8 MPa BMEP(brake mean effective pressure)show that with highly increased in-cylinder flow intensity,using only passive prechamber(PPC)has a lower lean limit than that with single central spark plug(CSP),thereby leading to slightly higher minimum fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))*** side spark plugs(SSP)based on PPC can result in improved capability of lean limit extension and engine performance than ***,the improvement level is lower than that with triple spark plugs(TSP).As the excess air ratio λ increases,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in improving the combustion phasing compared with CSP gradually ***,the increasing tendency of their ignition delay and combustion duration is more *** added SSP based on PPC can effectively shorten the ignition delay of leaner mixture,but the combustion duration can be only slightly *** a result,under extremely lean condition,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in terms of combustion characteristics over CSP becomes much *** contrast,the TSP ignition can achieve much shorter ignition delay and combustion duration simultaneously under this *** to the highest available dilution level,the TSP ignition achieves the lowest raw NO_(x)***,it can also reduce the raw carbon monoxide(CO)and hydrocarbons(HC)emissions compared to CSP due to a more thorough combustion of the end gas *** on the excellent performance of TSP,the highest engine brake thermal efficiency(BTE)was further *** results show that with normal rON 92 fuel,the engine finally achieved 43.69% and 45.02% BTE under stochiometric mode with exhaus

关键词： dedicated hybrid engine triple spark plug scheme passive prechamber high dilution condition thermal efficiency NO_(x)emissions

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Knowledge Graph Completion Method of Combining Structural Information with Semantic Information

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第6期33卷 1412-1420页

作者： Binhao HU Jianpeng ZHANG Hongchang CHEN School of Cyber Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center (NDSC)

With the development of knowledge graphs, a series of applications based on knowledge graphs have emerged. The incompleteness of knowledge graphs makes the effect of the downstream applications affected by the quality of the knowledge graphs. To improve the quality of knowledge graphs, translation-based graph embeddings such as TransE, learn structural information by representing triples as low-dimensional dense vectors. However, it is difficult to generalize to the unseen entities that are not observed during training but appear during testing. Other methods use the powerful representational ability of pre-trained language models to learn entity descriptions and contextual representation of triples. Although they are robust to incompleteness, they need to calculate the score of all candidate entities for each triple during inference. We consider combining two models to enhance the robustness of unseen entities by semantic information, and prevent combined explosion by reducing inference overhead through structured information. We use a pre-training language model to code triples and learn the semantic information within them, and use a hyperbolic space-based distance model to learn structural information, then integrate the two types of information together. We evaluate our model by performing link prediction experiments on standard datasets. The experimental results show that our model achieves better performances than state-of-the-art methods on two standard datasets.

关键词： Training Semantics Knowledge graphs Predictive models Vectors robustness Explosions Standards Testing Context modeling

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MMCSd:Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph Completion Based on Super-resolution and detailed description Generation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 761-783页

作者： Huansha Wang ruiyang Huang Qinrang Liu Shaomei Li Jianpeng Zhang National Digital Switching System Engineering&Technological R&D Center Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450001China

Multi-modal knowledge graph completion(MMKGC)aims to complete missing entities or relations in multi-modal knowledge graphs,thereby discovering more previously unknown *** to the continuous growth of data and knowledge and the limitations of data sources,the visual knowledge within the knowledge graphs is generally of low quality,and some entities suffer from the issue of missing visual ***,previous studies of MMKGC have primarily focused on how to facilitate modality interaction and fusion while neglecting the problems of low modality quality and modality *** this case,mainstream MMKGC models only use pre-trained visual encoders to extract features and transfer the semantic information to the joint embeddings through modal fusion,which inevitably suffers from problems such as error propagation and increased *** address these problems,we propose a Multi-modal knowledge graph Completion model based on Super-resolution and detailed description Generation(MMCSd).Specifically,we leverage a pre-trained residual network to enhance the resolution and improve the quality of the visual ***,we design multi-level visual semantic extraction and entity description generation,thereby further extracting entity semantics from structural triples and visual ***,we train a variational multi-modal auto-encoder and utilize a pre-trained multi-modal language model to complement the missing visual *** conducted experiments on FB15K-237 and dB13K,and the results showed that MMCSd can effectively perform MMKGC and achieve state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Multi-modal knowledge graph knowledge graph completion multi-modal fusion

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Formulation of Time-dependent Thermal Strain in Composite Materials which are Composed of Elastic and Viscoelastic Solids

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Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 2025年第2期74卷 116-123页

作者： Tsuda, Masatoshi Kokuryu, Etsuo Materials Engineering R&D Division Denso Corporation Kariya448-8661 Japan

In this study, time-dependent behavior of thermal strain in composite materials which composed of elastic and viscoelastic solids is investigated. First, homogenized thermal expansion behavior of a unidirectional continuous CFrP is numerically analyzed using mathematical homogenization method. It is assumed to be orthotropic thermo-elasticity for carbon fiber. On the other hand, isotropic thermo-viscoelasticity based on generalized Maxwell model is assumed for base resin. It is shown to exhibit time-dependent thermal strain because of stress relaxation of base resin in the micro-scale (unit cell) of the CFrP. Second, the behavior of thermal strain is formulated by assuming that thermal strain is additively decomposed into equilibrium and non-equilibrium parts such as stresses in generalized Maxwell model. Non-equilibrium part of thermal strain is assumed to be dominated relaxation time of each Maxwell elements of the base resin. The resulting formulated thermal strain is shown to be perfectly successful for simulating the relaxation behavior of the unidirectional continuous CFrP. © 2025 The Society of Materials Science, Japan.

关键词： Stress relaxation

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A novel critical velocity model for the incipient motion of non-spherical particles on cuttings bed in extended reach wells

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Particuology 2025年第2期97卷 193-206页

作者： Wei Hu Ning Guan Jinya Zhang Binggui Xu Hongwu Zhu College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Accurately predicting the minimum velocity required to initiate particles movement on a cuttings bed surface during drilling operations is crucial for efficient and cost-effective removal of deposited ***,current models neglect the influence of particle shape on the drag coefficient and static friction coefficient during rolling and sliding on a cuttings ***,this study developed an experimental setup for cuttings transport and employed both theoretical analysis and experimental methods to investigate the critical velocity for the incipient motion of particles under various operational conditions.A novel semi-mechanical criterion model was developed for the incipient motion of particles,incorporating a shape correction factor for non-spherical particles.A balance equation for the threshold Shields number,determined by particle driving forces and resistances,was established,and a numerical procedure was formulated to determine the critical velocity for the incipient motion of *** model predictions show strong agreement with experimental *** study found that higher eccentricity,inclination,and fluid viscosity increased the difficulty of initiating particle movement on the cuttings bed surface,thus requiring higher annular velocities for effective cuttings ***,increasing particle size facilitated easier removal of the cuttings *** to non-Newtonian fluids,Newtonian fluids proved more effective in cuttings *** findings of this study are significant for optimizing hole cleaning parameters and improving the efficiency of cuttings removal.

关键词： Cuttings transport Critical velocity Predictive model Particle shape effect Experimental study

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Accelerating the transition to cobalt-free batteries:a hybrid model for LiFePO_(4)/graphite chemistry

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 3101-3112页

作者： Gabriele Pozzato Xueyan Li donghoon Lee Johan Ko Simona Onori Energy Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Assistant Manager Research TeamTech CenterLG Energy Solution MichiganTroyMI 48083USA Specialist Data Modeling Algorithm TeamBattery R&DLG Energy SolutionDaejeon R&D Campus34122 KoreaSouth Korea Professional Data Modeling Algorithm TeamBattery R&DLG Energy SolutionGwacheon R&D Campus13818 KoreaSouth Korea

The increased adoption of lithium-iron-phosphate batteries,in response to the need to reduce the battery manufacturing process’s dependence on scarce minerals and create a resilient and ethical supply chain,comes with many *** design of an effective and high-performing battery management system(BMS)for such technology is one of those *** this work,a physics-based model describing the two-phase transition operation of an iron-phosphate positive electrode—in a graphite anode battery—is integrated with a machine-learning model to capture the hysteresis and path-dependent behavior during transient *** machine-learning component of the proposed“hybrid”model is built upon the knowledge of the electrochemical internal states of the battery during charge and discharge operation over several driving *** hybrid model is experimentally validated over 15 h of driving,and it is shown that the machine-learning component is responsible for a small percentage of the total battery behavior(i.e.,it compensates for voltage hysteresis).The proposed modeling strategy can be used for battery performance analysis,synthetic data generation,and the development of reduced-order models for BMS design.

关键词： battery driving hysteresis

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LdAS&ET-Ad:Learnable distillation Attack Strategies and Evolvable Teachers Adversarial distillation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2331-2359页

作者： Shuyi Li Hongchao Hu Xiaohan Yang Guozhen Cheng Wenyan Liu Wei Guo National Digital Switching System Engineering&Technological R&D Center The PLA Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450000China

Adversarial distillation(Ad)has emerged as a potential solution to tackle the challenging optimization problem of loss with hard labels in adversarial ***,fixed sample-agnostic and student-egocentric attack strategies are unsuitable for ***,the reliability of guidance from static teachers diminishes as target models become more *** paper proposes an Ad method called Learnable distillation Attack Strategies and Evolvable Teachers Adversarial distillation(LdAS&ET-Ad).Firstly,a learnable distillation attack strategies generating mechanism is developed to automatically generate sample-dependent attack strategies tailored for distillation.A strategy model is introduced to produce attack strategies that enable adversarial examples(AEs)to be created in areas where the target model significantly diverges from the teachers by competing with the target model in minimizing or maximizing the Ad ***,a teacher evolution strategy is introduced to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of knowledge in improving the generalization performance of the target *** calculating the experimentally updated target model’s validation performance on both clean samples and AEs,the impact of distillation from each training sample and AE on the target model’s generalization and robustness abilities is assessed to serve as feedback to fine-tune standard and robust teachers *** evaluate the performance of LdAS&ET-Ad against different adversarial attacks on the CIFAr-10 and CIFAr-100 *** experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a robust precision of 45.39%and 42.63%against AutoAttack(AA)on the CIFAr-10 dataset for resNet-18 and MobileNet-V2,respectively,marking an improvement of 2.31%and 3.49%over the baseline *** comparison to state-of-the-art adversarial defense techniques,our method surpasses Introspective Adversarial distillation,the top-performing method in terms of robustne

关键词： Adversarial training adversarial distillation learnable distillation attack strategies teacher evolution strategy

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Hierarchical model updating for high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled system based on multiobjective optimization

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第5期18卷 788-804页

作者： dexiang Li Jingyu Huang College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China National Maglev Transportation Engineering R&D Center Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

The high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled model is an essential simulation tool for investigating vehicle dynamics and mitigating coupled *** improve its accuracy efficiently,this study investigated a hierarchical model updating method integrated with field ***,a high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled model,taking into account the real effect of guideway material properties and elastic restraint of bearings,was developed by integrating the finite element method,multi-body dynamics,and electromagnetic levitation ***,simultaneous in-site measurements of the vehicle/guideway were conducted on a high-speed maglev test line to analyze the system response and structural modal *** the hierarchical updating,an Elman neural network with the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method was used to substitute the FE guideway model,thus improving the computational *** multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with the gray relational projection method was applied to hierarchically update the parameters of the guideway layer and magnetic force layer based on the measured modal parameters and the electromagnet vibration,***,the updated coupled model was compared with the field measurements,and the results demonstrated the model’s accuracy in simulating the actual dynamic response,validating the effectiveness of the updating method.

关键词： high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled model field measurement model updating neural network multi-objective optimization

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Curing kinetics and plugging mechanism of high strength curable resin plugging material

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3446-3463页

作者： Jing-Bin Yang Ying-rui Bai Jin-Sheng Sun Kai-He Lv School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Lost circulation, a recurring peril during drilling operations, entails substantial loss of drilling fluid and dire consequences upon its infiltration into the formation. As drilling depth escalates, the formation temperature and pressure intensify, imposing exacting demands on plug materials. In this study, a kind of controllable curing resin with dense cross-network structure was prepared by the method of solution stepwise ring-opening polymerization. The resin plugging material investigated in this study is a continuous phase material that offers effortless injection, robust filling capabilities, exceptional retention, and underground curing or crosslinking with high strength. Its versatility is not constrained by fracture-cavity lose channels, making it suitable for fulfilling the essential needs of various fracture-cavity combinations when plugging fracture-cavity carbonate rocks. Notably, the curing duration can be fine-tuned within the span of 3-7 h, catering to the plugging of drilling fluid losing of diverse fracture dimensions. Experimental scrutiny encompassed the rheological properties and curing behavior of the resin plugging system, unraveling the intricacies of the curing process and establishing a cogent kinetic model. The experimental results show that the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material has a tight chain or network structure. When the concentration of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system solution remains below 30%, the viscosity clocks in at a meager 10 mPa·s. Optimum curing transpires at 60℃, showcasing impressive resilience to saline conditions. remarkably, when immersed in a composite saltwater environment containing 50000 mg/L NaCl and 100000 mg/L CaCl_(2), the urea-formaldehyde resin consolidates into an even more compact network structure, culminating in an outstanding compressive strength of 41.5 MPa. Through resolving the correlation between conversion and the apparent activation energy of the non-isothermal dSC curing reac

关键词： Urea-formaldehyde resin rheological property Curing property Curing kinetics Plugging mechanism

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