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INFLUENCE OF STACKING-SEQUENCE ON THE TrANSVErSE MATrIX CrACKING IN CONTINUOUS FIBEr CrOSSPLY LAMINATES

JOUrNAL OF COMPOSITE materialS 1995年第10期29卷 1337-1358页

作者： XU, LY R&D Division Si-Da Technology Development Centre Jinan Branch 113 JieFang Lu Jinan Shandong Province 250013 PR. China

The influence of stacking sequence to the transverse matrix crack was studied experimentally and analytically. Five crossply laminates of Gr/BMI and GL/BMI composites were tested. Stacking sequence was found to have a significant effect on the matrix crack growth in composite laminates, it is behaved by the thickness effect to the cracked 90 degrees plies. If the total volumes of the 0 degrees and 90 degrees plies are identical but the stacking sequences are designed to be different, the matrix crack growth processes are quite different. The 90 degrees layer with smaller thickness has the higher cracking loading, matrix crack growth rate and final saturation crack density. Although stacking sequence affects the damage material stare of the matrix crack, a final damage mechanics state may exist in the matrix crack growth for the laminates with the same total volumes of the 0 degrees and 90 degrees plies but with different stacking sequences, this damage state is characterized by the final residual laminate stiffness and seems to be independent of the laminate stacking sequence. This phenomenon can be accounted by a modified shear-lag model. Further study shows that the stiffness degradation of the cracked 90 degrees plies has a low boundary which is independent of the laminate layup and material.

关键词： MATrIX CrACKING STACKING SEQUENCE STIFFNESS rEdUCTION dAMAGE STATE

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Organic matter occurrence and pore-forming mechanisms in lacustrine shales in China

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Petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1460-1472页

作者： Li-Chun Kuang Lian-Hua Hou Song-Tao Wu Jing-Wei Cui Hua Tian Li-Jun Zhang Zhong-Ying Zhao Xia Luo Xiao-Hua Jiang Science and Technology R&D Department CNPCBeijing100000China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing100083China National Energy Tight Oil and Gas R&D Center Beijing100083China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs CNPCBeijing100083China

The evolution of pore structure in shales is affected by both the thermal evolution of organic matter(OM)and by inorganic diagenesis,resulting in a wide variety of pore *** paper examines the OM distribution in lacustrine shales and its influence on pore structure,and describes the process of porosity *** principal findings are:(i)Three distribution patterns of OM in lacustrine shales are distinguished;laminated continuous distribution,clumped distribution,and stellate scattered *** differences in total organic carbon(TOC)content,free hydrocarbon content(S_(1)),and OM porosity among these distribution patterns are discussed.(ii)Porosity is negatively correlated with TOC and plagioclase content and positively correlated with quartz,dolomite,and clay mineral content.(iii)Pore evolution in lacustrine shales is characterized by a sequence of decreasing-increasing-decreasing porosity,followed by continuously increasing porosity until a relatively stable condition is reached.(iv)A new model for evaluating porosity in lacustrine shales is *** this model,the organic and inorganic porosity of shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation are calculated to be 2.5%-5%and 1%-6.3%,respectively,which correlate closely with measured *** findings may provide a scientific basis and technical support for the sweet spotting in lacustrine shales in China.

关键词： Shale oil Unconventional oil and gas Organic matter Pore evolution Log interpretation model

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development of eco friendly hybrid nanocomposites with improved antibacterial and mechanical properties through NaOH treated natural fibers

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results in Engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Lakshmaiya, Natrayan Karthick, M. Bhaskar, Kiran Chukka, Naga dheeraj Kumar reddy ross, Nimel Sworna Maranan, ramya Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600062 India School of Engineering NICMAR University Maharashtra Pune411045 India Department of Civil Engineering Aditya University Surampalem India Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Opole University of Technology Opole45-271 Poland Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Jalandhar - Delhi G.T.Road Punjab Phagwara144411 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakhand Dehradun India

Nanoparticles have emerged as effective enhancers of polymer composite properties, particularly in improving mechanical strength and antibacterial resistance. However, challenges remain in optimizing natural fiber–matrix interfacial bonding and filler dispersion, which affect the overall performance of hybrid composites. This study addresses the research gap by combining NaOH-treated coir and hemp fibers with SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ nanofillers to develop eco-friendly hybrid nanocomposites with superior mechanical and antibacterial properties. Natural fibers were alkali-treated with 5 wt. % NaOH for 4 h to enhance fiber–matrix adhesion, while nanoparticles were incorporated at varying loadings (0 to 10 wt. %) into the epoxy matrix. The composites were fabricated using compression molding. Mechanical characterization included flexural testing (ASTM d790) and hardness testing (ASTM E10), while antibacterial activity was evaluated using the well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results demonstrated that 7.5 wt. % nanofiller addition yielded maximum performance, with a 240 % increase in flexural modulus and up to 41 % improvement in hardness for NaOH-treated fiber composites. Compared to untreated fibers, alkali-treated fibers showed a 16 % improvement in mechanical properties. Antibacterial testing revealed inhibition zones as high as 18 mm, confirming strong effectiveness against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This study establishes a novel approach to hybrid nanocomposite design by integrating fiber surface treatment and dual nanofiller reinforcement, supporting the development of sustainable materials for protective, structural, and biomedical surface applications. © 2025

关键词： Hemp fibers

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A multilevel PWM strategy suitable for high-voltage motor direct drive systems with consideration of the adverse effect of dead time

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ELECTrICAL ENGINEErING IN JAPAN 2008年第2期165卷 77-88页

作者： Tadano, Yugo Urushibata, Shota Ogura, Kazuya Shigaki, Akira Nomura, Masakatsu Central Research Laboratory R&D Center Meidensha Corporation Japan Meidensha Technology Development Department Japan Meidensha System Device Factory Design Department Japan

recently, high-voltage motor direct drive systems have been put to practical use, and various multilevel PWM strategies have also been proposed. This paper describes a multilevel PWM strategy [our group calls it the Carrier Phase Selection Method (CPS)] that has the lowest line voltage harmonic distortion in order to prevent the degradation of high-voltage motor winding insulations. This method takes the adverse effect of dead time into consideration, and it controls the shift direction of a carrier phase. Therefore, a favorable output waveform without instantaneous voltage surges is achieved even if the line voltage level changes. Moreover, the swithching transitions across all switching devices are well-balanced, so the utilization of inverter unit cells is equalized. This is an important factor when designing the entire system. Based on simulation and experimental results, it is shown that this CPS method is particularly effective in high-voltage motor direct drive systems. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： multicarrier PWM high-voltage direct drive inverter cascaded multilevel inverter dead time phase shift

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A multimodal machine learning model for bipolar disorder mania classification: Insights from acoustic, linguistic, and visual cues

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Intelligence-Based Medicine 2025年 11卷 100223-100223页

作者： Murugavel, Kiruthiga devi r, Parthasarathy Mathivanan, Sandeep Kumar Srinivasan, Saravanan Shivahare, Basu dev Shah, Mohd Asif Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Vadapalani Chennai 600026 India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias University Greater Noida 203201 India Department of Economics Kardan University Parwane Du Kabul 1001 Afghanistan Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura 140401 India Chitkara Centre for Research and Development Chitkara University Baddi Himachal Pradesh 174103 India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara 144001 India

Mood fluctuations that can vary from manic to depressive states are a symptom of a disease known as bipolar disorder, which affects mental health. Interviews with patients and gathering information from their families are essential steps in the diagnostic process for bipolar disorder. Automated approaches for treating bipolar disorder are also being explored. In mental health prevention and care, machine learning techniques (ML) are increasingly used to detect and treat diseases. With frequently analyzed human behaviour patterns, identified symptoms, and risk factors as various parameters of the dataset, predictions can be made for improving traditional diagnosis methods. In this study, A Multimodal Fusion System was developed based on an auditory, linguistic, and visual patient recording as an input dataset for a three-stage mania classification decision system. deep denoising Autoencoders (ddAEs) are introduced to learn common representations across five modalities: acoustic characteristics, eye gaze, facial landmarks, head posture, and Facial Action Units (FAUs). This is done in particular for the audio-visual modality. The distributed representations and the transient information during each recording session are eventually encoded into Fisher Vectors (FVs), which capture the representations. Once the Fisher Vectors (FVs) and document embeddings are integrated, a Multi-Task Neural Network is used to perform the classification task, while mitigating overfitting issues caused by the limited size of the bipolar disorder dataset. The study introduces deep denoising Autoencoders (ddAEs) for cross-modal representation learning and utilizes Fisher Vectors with Multi-Task Neural Networks, enhancing diagnostic accuracy while highlighting the benefits of multimodal fusion for mental health diagnostics. Achieving an unweighted average recall score of 64.8 %, with the highest AUC-rOC of 0.85 & less interface time of 6.5 ms/sample scores the effectiveness of integrating mult

关键词： Audio-visual modality Bipolar disorder deep denoising autoencoders (ddAEs) Fisher vectors (FVs) Multimodal

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reverse Laser Assisted Bonding (r-LAB) technology for Chiplet Module Bonding on Substrate 24

Reverse Laser Assisted Bonding (R-LAB) Technology for Chiple...

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24th Electronics Packaging technology Conference, EPTC 2022

作者： Na, SeokHo Gim, MinHo Kim, GaHyeon ryu, dongSu Park, dongJoo Kim, JinYoung Amkor Technology Korea Inc. Advanced Process & Material Development Global R&d Center 150 Songdomirate-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398854

There are several chip-to-substrate interconnection technologies in the packaging tool kit such as mass reflow (Mr), thermocompression bonding (TCB) and laser assisted bonding (LAB). Mr is a mature process but has known limitations on fine pitch devices and large/thin substrate packages. TCB has the advantage to minimize bump stress for low-K dielectric devices but its productivity is very low. However, LAB can provide a solution for advanced devices with its localized heating and short bonding time. recently, demand for fine-pitch, Flip Chip bumps and large/thin substrate packages has increased, resulting in industry interest in LAB due to its good quality and high productivity. Amkor technology invented LAB technology in 2014 and passed qualification for multiple devices from customers through many years of development and has been in high volume production for major customers since 2018. However, as the industry continues to require high bonding performance with various new devices, existing LAB technology may not support all these applications. These devices have led to the development of a new bonding concept, which is reverse laser assisted bonding (r-LAB) technology. r-LAB emits the laser to the bottom side of the substrate through a vacuum stage block, which is opposite laser emission direction to existing LAB. It was developed in 2021 by Amkor technology and showed promising results for the packages where top LAB does not work. There are several devices that require r-LAB. One is back side metallization (BSM) die. BSM dies are necessary for metal thermal interface material (TIM) applications for high thermal performance packages. Promising results for BSM die were published in recent 72nd ECTC [1]. Other devices that require r-LAB include chiplet module bonding on substrate and drAM packaging in an epoxy molding compound (EMC). A chiplet module is necessary for high-performance applications such as servers, networking, artificial intelligence (AI), graphics

关键词： Substrates

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reliable 0.28 μm metal contact technology

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Journal of Vacuum Science & technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1997年第5期15卷 1775-1775页

作者： Kim, J.S. Kang, C.J. Park, J.W. Chung, S.H. Kim, B.C. Lee, J.Y. Park, J.W. R&D Center Technology Development Semiconductor Business Samsung Electronics Co. Kiheung-Eup Yongin-Gun Kyungki-Do Korea

A reliable small metal contact (MC) process is developed for the gigabit scaled dynamic random access memories (drAMs). The high aspect ratio contact etch was accomplished by using a high density inductively coupled plasma reactor. The low contact resistance of the MC for the gigabit scaled drAMs is realized when the amount of Si consumption at the bottom of the contact holes is minimized (<20 nm). The dopant activation of the source and drain (S/d) regions is also critical to have low contact and sheet resistances (rc and rs). Use of the high temperature (>950 °C) rapid thermal annealing enhances the dopant activation and effectively reduces the rc and rs. Surface treatment of the bottom of the contact hole after dry etch, becomes a key factor to have low contact resistance in the case of small contacts. The conventional Ar+ in situ sputter cleaning deteriorates the contact resistance of the vertically sloped small MCs. Light etch using CF4 and O2 gases removes damaged layer and improves contact resistance. rapid thermal nitridation after TiN barrier metal deposition also improves electrical properties of the MCs.

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research of drilling and completion technologies for heavy oil in Venezuela and offshore presalt hydrocarbons in Brazil

Research of drilling and completion technologies for heavy o...

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SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference 2019, MEOS 2019

作者： Fang, Zhimeng Wang, Xi Fu, Jin Zhang, Shunyuan Chen, Chen Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd. China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996393

Located in south of Eastern Venezuela Basin, Orinoco Oilfield is an onshore heavy oil field in South America. The heavy oil is known for its high content of acids, heavy metals and asphaltenes with a viscosity of 1000-10000mPa·s. According to the reserve report released by PdVSA by the end of 2016, JUNIN Block that is situated in east of Orinoco Oilfield has an OOIP of 178*108bbl. data of drilled wells and distances between offset horizontal intervals in Orinoco were both studied to improve ultimate production rates. 3-dimension borehole trajectories were designed and the most effective anti-collision measures were taken. After optimziation 8-12 horizontal wells are distributed on one pad. As the horizontal interval extends, the stable production time is prolonged and the accumulative production per well improves. However, the recovery rate stops increasing when the horizontal interval is over 1600m in JUNIN Block. Economically a large space between offset horizontal intervals results in fewer wells and lower costs, but a smaller space contributes to a higher production efficiency per well. If the space exceeds 600m, the accumulative production rate increases much more slightly. A three-dimension well trajectory consists of a vertical interval, an angle building interval, an angle holding interval, an angle building & direction changing interval, a direction turning interval as well as an absolute horizontal interval. Since Petrobras developed the first ever offshore deep reservoir (Lula) by scale in 2006, Brazil has been conducting a progressive campaign targeting hydrocarbons buried under deep water, which contributes to discovery of Lula, Carioca, Jupiter, Buzios, Libra and other giant presalt reservoirs in Santos Basin after Campos Basin, where there are 9 oil fields ranking among the top 20 offshore oil fields in terms of OOIP. By June 2017 over 160×104bbl oil and gas were produced per day in deep water of Santos Basin, taking up 57.1% of the total yield of Cam

关键词： Lime

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Chemical Process development in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe—Insights and Perspectives from Industry Scientists

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Joachim Krueger André P. dieskau Jorma Hassfeld Joerg Gries Oliver Block Hilmar Weinmann daniel Kaufmann Stefan Hildbrand Volker Kraft robert Moeckel Juan r. dehli Ulrich Scholz Carl Friedrich Nising Pharmaceuticals CMC & Technology Bayer AG D-42096 Wuppertal Germany Global CMC Development Merck Healthcare KGaA D-64293 Darmstadt Germany Chemical Process R&D Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine Beerse B-2340 Belgium Chemical & Analytical Development Novartis AG Basel CH-4056 Switzerland Process Chemistry & Catalysis F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Basel CH-4070 Switzerland R&D Global CMC Development Synthetics Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH D-65926 Frankfurt Germany Chemical Development Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany

Chemical process development is a critical component in the development process for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). With interfaces to drug discovery and API manufacturing, chemical process development activities must deliver scalable, safe, cost-efficient, sustainable, and reliable processes for novel as well as marketed APIs. despite its importance for the pharmaceutical industry and society, the domain of chemical process development, together with its advances and challenges, is often not well known to nonpractitioners. As industry scientists, we provide a scientific perspective on the state of affairs in chemical process development, which we believe will be of value to a broader audience, including academic researchers, students, and professionals from related fields.

关键词： drug development drug discovery Industrial chemistry Pharmaceutical industry Process chemistry

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Inside Front Cover: Chemical Process development in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe: Insights and Perspectives from Industry Scientists

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

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